1
|
Bolduc DL, Cary LH, Kiang JG, Kurada L, Kumar VP, Edma SA, Olson MG, Vergara VB, Bistline DD, Reese M, Kenchegowda D, Hood M, Korotcov A, Jaiswal S, Blakely WF. Natural-history Characterization of a Murine Partial-body Irradiation Model System: Establishment of a Multiple-Parameter Based GI-ARS Severity-Scoring System. Radiat Res 2024; 201:406-417. [PMID: 38319684 DOI: 10.1667/rade-23-00132.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this investigation was to characterize the natural history of a murine total-abdominal-irradiation exposure model to measure gastrointestinal acute radiation injury. Male CD2F1 mice at 12 to 15 weeks old received total-abdominal irradiation using 4-MV linear accelerator X-rays doses of 0, 11, 13.5, 15, 15.75 and 16.5 Gy (2.75 Gy/min). Daily cage-side (i.e., in the animal housing room) observations of clinical signs and symptoms including body weights on all animals were measured up to 10 days after exposure. Jejunum tissues from cohorts of mice were collected at 1, 3, 7 and 10 days after exposure and radiation injury was assessed by histopathological analyses. Results showed time- and dose-dependent loss of body weight [for example at 7 days: 0.66 (±0.80) % loss for 0 Gy, 6.40 (±0.76) % loss at 11 Gy, 9.43 (±2.06) % loss at 13.5 Gy, 23.53 (± 1.91) % loss at 15 Gy, 29.97 (±1.16) % loss at 15.75 Gy, and 31.79 (±0.76) % loss at 16.5 Gy]. Negligible clinical signs and symptoms, except body weight changes, of radiation injury were observed up to 10 days after irradiation with doses of 11 to 15 Gy. Progressive increases in the severity of clinical signs and symptoms were found after irradiation with doses >15 Gy. Jejunum histology showed a progressive dose-dependent increase in injury. For example, at 7 days postirradiation, the percent of crypts, compared to controls, decreased to 82.3 (±9.5), 69.2 (±12.3), 45.4 (±11.9), 18.0 (±3.4), and 11.5 (± 1.8) with increases in doses from 11 to 16.5 Gy. A mucosal injury scoring system was used that mainly focused on changes in villus morphology damage (i.e., subepithelial spaces near the tips of the villi with capillary congestion, significant epithelial lifting along the length of the villi with a few denuded villus tips). Peak levels of total-abdominal irradiation induced effects on the mucosal injury score were seen 7 days after irradiation for doses ≥15 Gy, with a trend to show a decline after 7 days. A murine multiple-parameter gastrointestinal acute-radiation syndrome severity-scoring system was established based on clinical signs and symptoms that included measures of appearance (i.e., hunched and/or fluffed fur), respiratory rate, general (i.e., decreased mobility) and provoked behavior (i.e., subdued response to stimulation), weight loss, and feces/diarrhea score combined with jejunum mucosal-injury grade score. In summary, the natural-history radio-response for murine partial-body irradiation exposures is important for establishing a well-characterized radiation model system; here we established a multiple-parameter gastrointestinal acute-radiation syndrome severity-scoring system that provides a radiation injury gastrointestinal tissue-based assessment utility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David L Bolduc
- Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute
| | - Lynnette H Cary
- Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute
- Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics
| | - Juliann G Kiang
- Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute
- Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lalitha Kurada
- Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Rockville, Maryland
| | - Vidya P Kumar
- Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Rockville, Maryland
| | - Sunshine A Edma
- Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute
| | - Matthew G Olson
- Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Rockville, Maryland
| | - Vernieda B Vergara
- Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute
| | - Dalton D Bistline
- Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute
| | - Mario Reese
- Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute
| | - Doreswamy Kenchegowda
- Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Rockville, Maryland
| | - Maureen Hood
- Biomedical Research Imaging Core at Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
- Department of Radiology & Radiological Sciences, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Alexandru Korotcov
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Rockville, Maryland
- Biomedical Research Imaging Core at Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
- Department of Radiology & Radiological Sciences, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Shalini Jaiswal
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Rockville, Maryland
- Biomedical Research Imaging Core at Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
- Department of Radiology & Radiological Sciences, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - William F Blakely
- Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute
- Preventive Medicine and Statistics, Uniformed Services of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shuryak I, Ghandhi SA, Laiakis EC, Garty G, Wu X, Ponnaiya B, Kosowski E, Pannkuk E, Kaur SP, Harken AD, Deoli N, Fornace AJ, Brenner DJ, Amundson SA. Biomarker integration for improved biodosimetry of mixed neutron + photon exposures. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10936. [PMID: 37414809 PMCID: PMC10325958 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37906-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a persistent risk of a large-scale malicious or accidental exposure to ionizing radiation that may affect a large number of people. Exposure will consist of both a photon and neutron component, which will vary in magnitude between individuals and is likely to have profound impacts on radiation-induced diseases. To mitigate these potential disasters, there exists a need for novel biodosimetry approaches that can estimate the radiation dose absorbed by each person based on biofluid samples, and predict delayed effects. Integration of several radiation-responsive biomarker types (transcripts, metabolites, blood cell counts) by machine learning (ML) can improve biodosimetry. Here we integrated data from mice exposed to various neutron + photon mixtures, total 3 Gy dose, using multiple ML algorithms to select the strongest biomarker combinations and reconstruct radiation exposure magnitude and composition. We obtained promising results, such as receiver operating characteristic curve area of 0.904 (95% CI: 0.821, 0.969) for classifying samples exposed to ≥ 10% neutrons vs. < 10% neutrons, and R2 of 0.964 for reconstructing photon-equivalent dose (weighted by neutron relative biological effectiveness) for neutron + photon mixtures. These findings demonstrate the potential of combining various -omic biomarkers for novel biodosimetry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Igor Shuryak
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 West 168Th Street, VC-11-234/5, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Shanaz A Ghandhi
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 West 168Th Street, VC-11-234/5, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Evagelia C Laiakis
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Guy Garty
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 West 168Th Street, VC-11-234/5, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Xuefeng Wu
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 West 168Th Street, VC-11-234/5, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Brian Ponnaiya
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 West 168Th Street, VC-11-234/5, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Emma Kosowski
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Evan Pannkuk
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Salan P Kaur
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 West 168Th Street, VC-11-234/5, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Andrew D Harken
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 West 168Th Street, VC-11-234/5, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Naresh Deoli
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 West 168Th Street, VC-11-234/5, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Albert J Fornace
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - David J Brenner
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 West 168Th Street, VC-11-234/5, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Sally A Amundson
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 West 168Th Street, VC-11-234/5, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kenchegowda D, Bolduc DL, Kurada L, Blakely WF. Severity scoring systems for radiation-induced GI injury - Prioritization for use of GI-ARS medical countermeasures. Int J Radiat Biol 2023:1-9. [PMID: 37172305 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2210669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Severity scoring systems for ionizing radiation-induced gastrointestinal injury have been used in animal radiation models, human studies involving the use of radiation therapy, and radiation accidents. Various radiation exposure scenarios (i.e., total body irradiation, total abdominal irradiation, etc.) have been used to investigate ionizing radiation-induced gastrointestinal injury. These radiation-induced GI severity scoring systems are based on clinical signs and symptoms and gastrointestinal-specific biomarkers (i.e., citrulline, etc.). In addition, the time course for radiation-induced changes in blood citrulline levels were compared across various animal (i.e., mice, minipigs, Rhesus Macaque, etc.) and human model systems. CONCLUSIONS A worksheet tool was developed to prioritize individuals with severe life-threatening gastrointestinal acute radiation syndrome, based on the design of the Exposure and Symptom Tool addressing hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome, to rescue individuals from potential gastrointestinal acute radiation syndrome injury. This tool provides a triage diagnostic approach to assist first-responders to assess individuals suspected of showing gastrointestinal acute radiation syndrome severity to guide medical management, hence enhancing medical readiness for managing radiological casualties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Doreswamy Kenchegowda
- Biodosimetry Program, Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David L Bolduc
- Biodosimetry Program, Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lalitha Kurada
- Biodosimetry Program, Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Henry M Jackson Foundation, 6720A Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - William F Blakely
- Biodosimetry Program, Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ghandhi SA, Morton SR, Shuryak I, Lee Y, Soni RK, Perrier JR, Bakke J, Gahagan J, Bujold K, Authier S, Amundson SA, Brenner DJ, Nishita D, Chang P, Turner HC. Longitudinal multi-omic changes in the transcriptome and proteome of peripheral blood cells after a 4 Gy total body radiation dose to Rhesus macaques. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:139. [PMID: 36944971 PMCID: PMC10031949 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09230-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-human primates, such as Rhesus macaques, are a powerful model for studies of the cellular and physiological effects of radiation, development of radiation biodosimetry, and for understanding the impact of radiation on human health. Here, we study the effects of 4 Gy total body irradiation (TBI) at the molecular level out to 28 days and at the cytogenetic level out to 56 days after exposure. We combine the global transcriptomic and proteomic responses in peripheral whole blood to assess the impact of acute TBI exposure at extended times post irradiation. RESULTS The overall mRNA response in the first week reflects a strong inflammatory reaction, infection response with neutrophil and platelet activation. At 1 week, cell cycle arrest and re-entry processes were enriched among mRNA changes, oncogene-induced senescence and MAPK signaling among the proteome changes. Influenza life cycle and infection pathways initiated earlier in mRNA and are reflected among the proteomic changes during the first week. Transcription factor proteins SRC, TGFβ and NFATC2 were immediately induced at 1 day after irradiation with increased transcriptional activity as predicted by mRNA changes persisting up to 1 week. Cell counts revealed a mild / moderate hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome (H-ARS) reaction to irradiation with expected lymphopenia, neutropenia and thrombocytopenia that resolved within 30 days. Measurements of micronuclei per binucleated cell levels in cytokinesis-blocked T-lymphocytes remained high in the range 0.27-0.33 up to 28 days and declined to 0.1 by day 56. CONCLUSIONS Overall, we show that the TBI 4 Gy dose in NHPs induces many cellular changes that persist up to 1 month after exposure, consistent with damage, death, and repopulation of blood cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanaz A. Ghandhi
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630, W 168th street, VC11-237, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Shad R. Morton
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630, W 168th street, VC11-237, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Igor Shuryak
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630, W 168th street, VC11-237, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Younghyun Lee
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630, W 168th street, VC11-237, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Rajesh K. Soni
- Proteomics and Macromolecular Crystallography Shared Resource, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, NY New York, 10032 USA
| | - Jay R. Perrier
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630, W 168th street, VC11-237, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - James Bakke
- Biosciences Division, SRI, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - Janet Gahagan
- Biosciences Division, SRI, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - Kim Bujold
- Charles River Laboratory, 445 Armand-Grappier Blvd, (QC) H7V 4B3 Laval, Canada
| | - Simon Authier
- Charles River Laboratory, 445 Armand-Grappier Blvd, (QC) H7V 4B3 Laval, Canada
| | - Sally A. Amundson
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630, W 168th street, VC11-237, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - David J. Brenner
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630, W 168th street, VC11-237, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Denise Nishita
- Biosciences Division, SRI, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - Polly Chang
- Biosciences Division, SRI, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - Helen C. Turner
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630, W 168th street, VC11-237, New York, NY 10032 USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
MacVittie TJ. Where are the medical countermeasures against the ARS and DEARE? A current topic relative to an animal model research platform, radiation exposure context, the acute and delayed effects of acute exposure, and the FDA animal rule. Int J Radiat Biol 2023:1-15. [PMID: 36811500 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2181999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE A question echoed by the National Biodefense Science Board (NBSB) in 2010, remains a reasonable question in 2023; 'Where are the Countermeasures?'. A critical path for development of medical countermeasures (MCM) against acute, radiation-induced organ-specific injury within the acute radiation syndrome (ARS) and the delayed effects of acute radiation exposure (DEARE) requires the recognition of problems and solutions inherent in the path to FDA approval under the Animal Rule. Keep Rule number one in mind, It's not easy. CONSIDERATIONS The current topic herein is focused on defining the nonhuman primate model(s) for efficient MCM development relative to consideration of prompt and delayed exposure in the context of the nuclear scenario. The rhesus macaque is a predictive model for human exposure of partial-body irradiation with marginal bone marrow sparing that allows definition of the multiple organ injury in the acute radiation syndrome (ARS) and the delayed effects of acute radiation exposure (DEARE). The continued definition of natural history is required to delineate an associative or causal interaction within the concurrent multi-organ injury characteristic of the ARS and DEARE. A more efficient development of organ specific MCM for both pre-exposure and post-exposure prophylaxis to include acute radiation-induced combined injury requires closing critical gaps in knowledge and urgent support to rectify the national shortage of nonhuman primates. The rhesus macaque is a validated, predictive model of the human response to prompt and delayed radiation exposure, medical management and MCM treatment. A rational approach to further development of the cynomolgus macaque as a comparable model is urgently required for continued development of MCM for FDA approval. CONCLUSION It is imperative to examine the key variables relative to animal model development and validation, The pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and exposure profiles, of candidate MCM relative to route, administration schedule and optimal efficacy define the fully effective dose. The conduct of adequate and well-controlled pivotal efficacy studies as well as safety and toxicity studies support approval under the FDA Animal Rule and label definition for human use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J MacVittie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Stricklin DL, VanHorne-Sealy J, Rios CI, Scott Carnell LA, Taliaferro LP. Neutron Radiobiology and Dosimetry. Radiat Res 2021; 195:480-496. [PMID: 33587743 DOI: 10.1667/rade-20-00213.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As the U.S. prepares for the possibility of a radiological or nuclear incident, or anticipated lunar and Mars missions, the exposure of individuals to neutron radiation must be considered. More information is needed on how to determine the neutron dose to better estimate the true biological effects of neutrons and mixed-field (i.e., neutron and photon) radiation exposures. While exposure to gamma-ray radiation will cause significant health issues, the addition of neutrons will likely exacerbate the biological effects already anticipated after radiation exposure. To begin to understand the issues and knowledge gaps in these areas, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Radiation Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Department of Defense (DoD), Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA), and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) formed an inter-agency working group to host a Neutron Radiobiology and Dosimetry Workshop on March 7, 2019 in Rockville, MD. Stakeholder interests were clearly positioned, given the differences in the missions of each agency. An overview of neutron dosimetry and neutron radiobiology was included, as well as a historical overview of neutron exposure research. In addition, current research in the fields of biodosimetry and diagnostics, medical countermeasures (MCMs) and treatment, long-term health effects, and computational studies were presented and discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela L Stricklin
- Previously - Arlington Division, Applied Research Associates, Inc., Arlington
| | - Jama VanHorne-Sealy
- Army Reactor Program, United States Army Nuclear and Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction Agency (USANCA), Department of Defense, Fort Belvoir, Virginia
| | - Carmen I Rios
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, Maryland
| | - Lisa A Scott Carnell
- Biological and Physical Sciences Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia
| | - Lanyn P Taliaferro
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|