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Hupka I, Kotík L. Dissolution characteristics of uranium and lead in simulated lung fluid using fly ash samples from coal-fired power plants in the Czech Republic. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2023; 256:107063. [PMID: 36368283 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2022.107063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Samples of fly ash, slag and boiler scale containing elevated amounts of uranium or lead (210Pb) from several coal-fired power stations in the Czech Republic were collected for an assessment of their dissolution parameters - the dissolution rates and their respective fractions in vitro. The dissolution data were fitted either by a biexponential model or by a triexponential model. The uranium 234U and 238U in the fly ash sample are classified as M-type. Similarly, type M could be attributed for most of the materials containing 210Pb. A complementary measurement of the activity concentrations of 210Pb in relation to the grain size confirmed that the radionuclide is deposited mainly in fine particles (<25 μm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Hupka
- National Radiation Protection Institute, Bartoškova 1450/28, 140 00, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Lukáš Kotík
- National Radiation Protection Institute, Bartoškova 1450/28, 140 00, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
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Wang X, Shi C, Guan J, Chen Y, Xu Y, Diwu J, Wang S. The development of molecular and nano actinide decorporation agents. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Dumit S, Avtandilashvili M, Tolmachev SY. Evaluating Plutonium Intake and Radiation Dose Following Extensive Chelation Treatment. HEALTH PHYSICS 2019; 117:156-167. [PMID: 29750674 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000000882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A voluntary partial-body donor (US Transuranium and Uranium Registries case 0785) was accidentally exposed to Pu via inhalation and wounds. This individual underwent medical treatment including wound excision and extensive chelation treatment with calcium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and calcium diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid. Approximately 2.2 kBq of Pu was measured in the wound site 44 y after the accident. Major soft tissues and selected bones were collected at autopsy and radiochemically analyzed for Pu, Pu, and Am. Postmortem systemic retention of Pu, Pu, and Am was estimated to be 32.0 ± 1.4 Bq, 2,172 ± 70 Bq, and 394 ± 15 Bq, respectively. Approximately 3% of Pu whole-body activity was still retained in the lungs 51 y after the accident indicating exposure to insoluble plutonium material. To estimate the intake and calculate radiation dose, urine measurements not affected by chelation treatment, in vivo chest counts, and postmortem radiochemical analysis data were simultaneously fitted using Integrated Modules for Bioassay Analysis Professional Plus software. The currently recommended International Commission on Radiological Protection Publication 130 human respiratory tract model and National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements Report 156 wound model were used with default parameters. The intake, adjusted for Pu removed by chelation treatment, was estimated at approximately 79.5 kBq with 68% resulting from inhalation and 32% from the wound. Inhaled plutonium was predominantly insoluble type S material (74%) with insoluble plutonium fragments deposited in the wound. Only 1.3% reduction in radiation dose was achieved by chelation treatment. The committed effective dose was calculated to be 1.49 Sv. Using urine data available for this case, the effect of chelation therapy was evaluated. Urinary excretion enhancement factors were calculated as 83 ± 52 and 38 ± 17 for initial and delayed calcium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid treatments, respectively, and as 18 ± 5 for delayed calcium diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid. The enhancement factor decreases proportionally to an inverse cubic root of time after intake. For delayed calcium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid treatment, with five consecutive daily administrations, the enhancement factor increased from day 1 to 4, followed by approximately a 50% drop on day 5. The half-time of plutonium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid complex removal in urine was evaluated to be 1.4 d.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Dumit
- 1US Transuranium and Uranium Registries, Washington State University, 1845 Terminal Drive, Suite 201, Richland, WA 99354-4959
| | | | - Sergei Y Tolmachev
- US Transuranium and Uranium Registries, Washington State University, 1845 Terminal Drive, Suite 201, Richland, WA 99354-4959
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Maassen J, Inglis JD, Wende A, Kayzar-Boggs TM, Steiner RE, Kara A. Analysis of sub-picogram quantities of 238Pu by thermal ionization mass spectrometry. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-019-06672-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Johansen MP, Child DP, Caffrey EA, Davis E, Harrison JJ, Hotchkis MAC, Payne TE, Ikeda-Ohno A, Thiruvoth S, Twining JR, Beresford NA. Accumulation of plutonium in mammalian wildlife tissues following dispersal by accidental-release tests. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2016; 151 Pt 2:387-394. [PMID: 25910926 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2015.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We examined the distribution of plutonium (Pu) in the tissues of mammalian wildlife inhabiting the relatively undisturbed, semi-arid former Taranaki weapons test site, Maralinga, Australia. The accumulation of absorbed Pu was highest in the skeleton (83% ± 6%), followed by muscle (10% ± 9%), liver (6% ± 6%), kidneys (0.6% ± 0.4%), and blood (0.2%). Pu activity concentrations in lung tissues were elevated relative to the body average. Foetal transfer was higher in the wildlife data than in previous laboratory studies. The amount of Pu in the gastrointestinal tract was highly elevated relative to that absorbed within the body, potentially increasing transfer of Pu to wildlife and human consumers that may ingest gastrointestinal tract organs. The Pu distribution in the Maralinga mammalian wildlife generally aligns with previous studies related to environmental exposure (e.g. Pu in humans from worldwide fallout), but contrasts with the partitioning models that have traditionally been used for human worker-protection purposes (approximately equal deposition in bone and liver) which appear to under-predict the skeletal accumulation in environmental exposure conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Johansen
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW, 2232, Australia.
| | - D P Child
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW, 2232, Australia.
| | - E A Caffrey
- Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.
| | - E Davis
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW, 2232, Australia.
| | - J J Harrison
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW, 2232, Australia.
| | - M A C Hotchkis
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW, 2232, Australia.
| | - T E Payne
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW, 2232, Australia.
| | - A Ikeda-Ohno
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW, 2232, Australia; Institute of Resource Ecology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany.
| | - S Thiruvoth
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW, 2232, Australia.
| | | | - N A Beresford
- NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, UK.
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Till JE. Lauriston S. Taylor lecture on radiation protection and measurements: when does risk assessment get fuzzy? HEALTH PHYSICS 2014; 106:148-61. [PMID: 24378488 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000000023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This article examines the question, "Is risk assessment fuzzy, or is it a quantitative science?" In the context of this paper, risk assessment is defined as the estimation of health risk to people from exposure to radioactive materials and chemicals when they are released to the environment by a source. Today we employ risk assessment to investigate past, present, and future exposures, and the outcomes of the analysis are used for determining compliance with regulations, emergency response, facility design, and health impacts to populations from historical exposures (dose reconstruction). Risk assessment has become an essential component of government policy and decision-making, and it is clear it will be used increasingly in the future. It has undergone a dramatic evolution since the early 1970s both as a scientific methodology and also in how it is used. The key to understanding risk assessment is to explain the basic components and unique disciplines that meld it together. Each element requires skills in fundamental sciences such as engineering, physics, mathematics, and physiology in order to produce information required for the next step. As each step is developed, a clear interdependence emerges, resulting in a science that is quantitative and reliable and provides a tool for many purposes. In the end, however, it is how we communicate the results that becomes the most important component. Introduction of the Taylor Lecture (Video 1:36, http://links.lww.com/HP/A19).
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Affiliation(s)
- John E Till
- *Risk Assessment Corporation, 417 Till Road, Neeses, SC 29107-9545
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Khokhryakov VV, Khokhryakov VF, Suslova KG, Vostrotin VV, Vvedensky VE, Sokolova AB, Krahenbuhl MP, Birchall A, Miller SC, Schadilov AE, Ephimov AV. Mayak Worker Dosimetry System 2008 (MWDS-2008): assessment of internal dose from measurement results of plutonium activity in urine. HEALTH PHYSICS 2013; 104:366-378. [PMID: 23439140 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0b013e31827dbf60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A new modification of the prior human lung compartment plutonium model, Doses-2005, has been described. The modified model was named "Mayak Worker Dosimetry System-2008" (MWDS-2008). In contrast to earlier models developed for workers at the Mayak Production Association (Mayak PA), the new model more correctly describes plutonium biokinetics and metabolism in pulmonary lymph nodes. The MWDS-2008 also provides two sets of doses estimates: one based on bioassay data and the other based on autopsy data, where available. The algorithm of internal dose calculation from autopsy data will be described in a separate paper. Results of comparative analyses of Doses-2005 and MWDS-2008 are provided. Perspectives on the further development of plutonium dosimetry are discussed.
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