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Uludag Kirimli G, Hassan M, Onghanseng N, Or C, Yasar C, Park S, Akhavanrezayat A, Mobasserian A, Yavari N, Bazojoo V, Khojasteh H, Ghoraba H, Karaca I, Trong Tuong Than N, Zaidi M, Nguyen QD. Ocular manifestations and clinical outcomes in Tubulointerstitial Nephritis and Uveitis Syndrome (TINU). Eye (Lond) 2024; 38:349-356. [PMID: 37626158 PMCID: PMC10810898 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-023-02695-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the various ocular clinical features and visual outcomes in Tubulointerstitial Nephritis and Uveitis Syndrome (TINU). METHODS The medical records of 13 patients (26 eyes) diagnosed with TINU were reviewed. RESULTS Twenty-six (26) eyes of 13 patients with TINU were reviewed in this study. The median age at onset of uveitis was 14 (range, 9-45). Eight (61.5%) subjects were female. The median follow-up of patients was 30 months (range, 6-89 months). Posterior segment findings were seen in 18 eyes of 9 patients (69.2%). The most common posterior findings were optic nerve head inflammation (16 eyes, 88.8%) and retinal vasculitis (13 eyes, 72.2%). Other posterior findings included vitritis (8 eyes, 44.4%), macular edema (6 eyes, 33.3%), snowball (4 eyes, 22.2%), and chorioretinal lesions (2 eye, 11.1%). Eight patients had fluorescein angiography (FA) data available and most eyes had retinal capillary leakage (13 eyes, 81.2%) followed by optic disc staining/leakage (12 eyes, 75%). Twelve (12) patients (92.3%) were treated with immunomodulatory treatment (IMT) and/or biologics. Five patients (%38.4) required biologics to control intraocular inflammation. CONCLUSION Posterior segment involvement may be common in patients with TINU syndrome. FA provides significant information for detecting posterior segment involvement and disease activity in TINU. The majority of patients required systemic treatment in order to control intraocular inflammation and prevent relapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunay Uludag Kirimli
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Muhammad Hassan
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Neil Onghanseng
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Chris Or
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Cigdem Yasar
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Sungwho Park
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Amir Akhavanrezayat
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Azadeh Mobasserian
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Negin Yavari
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Vahid Bazojoo
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Hassan Khojasteh
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Hashem Ghoraba
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Irmak Karaca
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Ngoc Trong Tuong Than
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Moosa Zaidi
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Quan Dong Nguyen
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
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Huang L, Kim DT, Rosenberg CR, Lin P, Suhler E. Diagnosis and Characteristics of Presentation of Tubulointerstitial Nephritis and Uveitis Syndrome During the COVID-2019 Pandemic. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2023:1-8. [PMID: 37699166 PMCID: PMC10927609 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2023.2244077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the diagnosis and clinical features of tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis syndrome (TINU) before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Retrospective chart review. RESULTS Before the COVID-19 pandemic (March 2017 to March 2019), 1/561 (0.18%) new patient was diagnosed with TINU. During the pandemic (March 2020 to March 2022), 15/581 (2.58%) new patients were diagnosed with TINU. We found a significant increase in TINU cases during the pandemic (P=0.0005). Various posterior segment findings were observed in 2/3 (66.7%) patients before the pandemic and 13/15 (86.7%) patients during the pandemic, including disc edema, chorioretinal scars, disc leakage, and peripheral vascular leakage. CONCLUSION This is the first study reporting an increased number of TINU during the COVID-19 pandemic. With most of the American population now exposed to COVID-19, a large multi-center epidemiological study would be helpful to investigate any association of COVID-19 disease or vaccination with TINU in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Huang
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - David Ta Kim
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Phoebe Lin
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Eric Suhler
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA
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Tubulointerstitial Nephritis and Uveitis Syndrome (TINU): A Case Series in a Tertiary Care Uveitis Setting. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11174995. [PMID: 36078924 PMCID: PMC9457268 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11174995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis syndrome (TINU) is a rare disorder typically characterized by sudden-onset non-granulomatous anterior uveitis associated with tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN). However, the prevalence and clinical features of TINU are still a matter of debate. To add information about TINU, we describe here the clinical features of a series of patients affected by TINU in a retrospective study. Methods: A total of 9358 clinical records of both adult and pediatric patients up to 21 years of age, referred to the Uveitis Center of the Sapienza University of Rome, were examined. The medical records covered a period from 1990 to 2020. Various demographic and clinical features were analyzed in patients who met the criteria for TINU. Results: Twenty-one patients with TINU were identified. TINU was classified as definite, possible, or probable by the currently recognized international criteria. The median age at diagnosis was 14 years (interquartile range 12–35). Females were predominant (15/21, 71.4%). In most cases (14/21, 66.6%), patients developed ocular disease concurrently with renal disease. The most frequent type of ocular involvement was bilateral anterior uveitis (9/21, 42.8%). In two cases, patients presented with bilateral intermediate uveitis; in three cases, they presented with bilateral or unilateral alternating posterior uveitis; and in four cases, they presented with bilateral panuveitis. In one case, the uveitis was anterior in the right eye (OD) and posterior in the left eye (OS), and two cases presented with bilateral asynchronous or unilateral alternating anterior uveitis. All patients received treatment with systemic corticosteroids and topical ocular therapy. At the end of the follow-up, a significant improvement in ocular signs and symptoms with a return to normal visual acuity was generally observed. In all patients, acute kidney injury (AKI) reverted completely and none progressed to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Conclusions: Patients with TINU may often present with atypical uveitis. We suggest that patients with sudden-onset uveitis, even if not bilateral anterior, should be referred to a nephologist for an assessment of the possible presence of renal disease.
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Scifo L, Willermain F, Postelmans L, Pozdzik A, Lolin Sekelj K, Zampieri M, de Jong C, Makhoul D. Subclinical Choroidal Inflammation Revealed by Indocyanine Green Angiography in Tubulointerstitial Nephritis and Uveitis Syndrome. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2022; 30:1190-1198. [PMID: 34191677 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2020.1869267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe subclinical chorioretinal lesions revealed by indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) and their evolution under systemic treatment in tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) patients. METHODS Retrospective case series of three patients with TINU syndrome. Choroidal and retinal involvement were assessed by fluorescein angiography (FA) and ICGA. RESULTS Three patients were analyzed. FA demonstrated hot disc, associated in two cases with retinal vascular leakage, and ICGA revealed subclinical chorioretinal dots in all three cases. Given the presence of posterior uveitis and deterioration of kidney function, asystemic treatment by oral methylprednisolone was started. Persistence of retinal and choroidal inflammations under systemic corticosteroids required association with immunosuppressive agent to control the disease activity. CONCLUSION Multimodal imaging and more precisely ICGA is useful to assess subclinical choroidal inflammation and monitor treatment response in TINU syndrome. Immunosuppression needs to be revised and adapted when uveitis and/or kidney function are unresponsive to systemic steroids. ABBREVIATIONS TINU: tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis; TIN: tubulointerstitial nephritis; ACE: angiotensin-converting enzyme; RF: rheumatoid factor; Uβ2M: urinary β-2microglobulin; AMPPE: acute multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy; FA: fluorescein angiography; ICGA: indocyanine green angiography; CT: computed tomography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Scifo
- Department of Ophthalmology, CHU St-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hôpital Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - François Willermain
- Department of Ophthalmology, CHU St-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hôpital Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laurence Postelmans
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hôpital Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Agnieszka Pozdzik
- Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, Hôpital Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ksenija Lolin Sekelj
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants - Reine Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Monalisa Zampieri
- Department of Pediatrics, CHU St-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Casper de Jong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants - Reine Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dorine Makhoul
- Department of Ophthalmology, CHU St-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hôpital Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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Regusci A, Lava SAG, Milani GP, Bianchetti MG, Simonetti GD, Vanoni F. Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis syndrome: a systematic review. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2022; 37:876-886. [PMID: 33561271 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfab030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) syndrome is defined as the occurrence of tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN) and uveitis in the absence of other systemic diseases. The most comprehensive review on this condition was published in 2001. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of the literature for cases of TINU syndrome. MEDLINE and Embase databases were screened. Full-length articles or letters reporting cases with both TIN and uveitis were selected. We investigated differences between males and females and paediatric and adult cases. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify potential risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD) development. RESULTS A total of 233 articles reporting 592 TINU cases were retained for the analysis. The median age of the included subjects was 17 years (interquartile range 13-46) with a female predominance (65%). Uveitis most frequently (52%) followed renal disease and was mostly anterior (65%) and bilateral (88%). Children tended to have more ocular relapses, while they were slightly less likely than adults to suffer from acute kidney injury and to develop CKD. Adult age as well as posterior or panuveitis were associated with an increased risk of developing CKD. CONCLUSIONS TINU affects both children and adults, with some differences between these two categories. Adult age and the presence of a posterior uveitis or panuveitis appear to be associated with the development of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Regusci
- Pediatric Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Sebastiano A G Lava
- Pediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gregorio P Milani
- Pediatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario G Bianchetti
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Southern Switzerland, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Giacomo D Simonetti
- Pediatric Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Southern Switzerland, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Federica Vanoni
- Pediatric Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland
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Koreishi AF, Zhou M, Goldstein DA. Tubulointerstitial Nephritis and Uveitis Syndrome: Characterization of Clinical Features. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2020; 29:1312-1317. [DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2020.1736311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anjum F. Koreishi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mei Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Debra A. Goldstein
- Department of Ophthalmology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Cao JL, Srivastava SK, Venkat A, Lowder CY, Sharma S. Ultra-widefield Fluorescein Angiography and OCT Findings in Tubulointerstitial Nephritis and Uveitis Syndrome. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 4:189-197. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oret.2019.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Caplash S, Gangaputra S, Kodati S, Tuchman S, Srinivasalu H, Sen HN. Treatment challenges in an atypical presentation of tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU). Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2018; 10:253-256. [PMID: 29780945 PMCID: PMC5956714 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoc.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe an atypical presentation of Tubulointerstitial Nephritis and Uveitis (TINU), with challenges in treatment course. OBSERVATIONS A 12-year-old Hispanic female presented to the National Eye Institute's Uveitis clinic with bilateral blurred vision, red eyes and photophobia, not responsive to topical steroids. On exam, she had bilateral severe panuveitis with areas of subretinal fluid. During her evaluation, she was noted to have elevated serum creatinine. A kidney biopsy confirmed the presence of severe tubulointerstitial nephritis and interstitial fibrosis. She was treated with oral steroids with excellent resolution of symptoms and subretinal fluid. She continued to have anterior segment flares with attempts to taper oral prednisone which lead to treatment with multiple immunomodulatory agents. Associated hypertension and kidney damage complicated the choice of a secondary immunosuppressive agent. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPORTANCE Although rare, TINU can present as panuveitis with choroidal involvement which may or may not be preceded by tubulointerstitial nephritis. A renal biopsy is required for definitive diagnosis, but abnormal urinalysis or renal function should raise suspicion for TINU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonny Caplash
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, United States
| | - Sapna Gangaputra
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, United States
| | - Shilpa Kodati
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, United States
| | - Shamir Tuchman
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Children's National Medical Center, Washington DC, 20010, United States
| | - Hemalatha Srinivasalu
- Division of Rheumatology, Children's National Medical Center, Washington DC, 20010, United States
| | - H. Nida Sen
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, United States
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) is an important yet underrecognized ocular inflammatory syndrome. This review summarizes key historical publications that identified and defined the syndrome, and more recent literature that reveal the importance of urinary β2-microglobulin testing and kidney biopsy in the diagnostic evaluation of patients with TINU. Additionally, research studies providing new insights into disease pathogenesis are highlighted. RECENT FINDINGS In contrast with initial reports of TINU manifesting exclusively as an anterior uveitis in pediatric patients, more recent reports have identified TINU in patients of all ages with a wide range of ocular manifestations. Urinary β2-microglobulin has emerged as a sensitive and specific laboratory screening test, and the role of kidney biopsy in differentiating TINU from sarcoidosis continues to evolve. Genetic studies have identified HLA-DQA101, HLA-DQB105, and HLA-DRB101 as high-risk alleles and the identification of antimonomeric C-reactive protein antibodies suggests a role for humoral immunity in disease pathogenesis. Management strategies have evolved to include systemic anti-inflammatory treatment as a result of important outcome studies in patients with significant renal and ocular disease. SUMMARY With greater recognition, understanding, and treatment of this syndrome, both ocular inflammation and renal disease can be better addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaivon Pakzad-Vaezi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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