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Agnelli J, Colombo M, Morroni M, Bignotti F, Baldi F. Mechanical behaviour of cancellous bone tissues used for the manufacturing of heterologous bone grafts. BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING ADVANCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bea.2023.100073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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Collagenated Porcine Heterologous Bone Grafts: Histomorphometric Evaluation of Bone Formation Using Different Physical Forms in a Rabbit Cancellous Bone Model. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26051339. [PMID: 33801547 PMCID: PMC7958959 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagenated porcine-derived bone graft materials exhibit osteoconductive properties and the development of different formulations intends to enhance bone regeneration. This study aims to evaluate bone healing in a rabbit cancellous bone defect in response to grafting with different physicochemical forms of heterologous porcine bone. Twenty-six adult male New Zealand White rabbits received two critical size femoral bone defects per animal (n = 52), each randomly assigned to one of the five tested materials (Apatos, Gen-Os, mp3, Putty, and Gel 40). Animals were sacrificed at 15- and 30-days post-surgery. Qualitative and quantitative (new bone, particle and connective tissue percentages) histological analyses were performed. Histomorphometry showed statistically significant differences in all evaluated parameters between mp3 and both Putty and Gel 40 groups, regardless of the timepoint (p < 0.05). Moreover, statistical differences were observed between Apatos and both Putty (p = 0.014) and Gel 40 (p = 0.007) groups, at 30 days, in regard to particle percentage. Within each group, regarding new bone formation, mp3 showed significant differences (p = 0.028) between 15 (40.93 ± 3.49%) and 30 (52.49 ± 11.04%) days. Additionally, intragroup analysis concerning the percentage of particles revealed a significant reduction in particle occupied area from 15 to 30 days in mp3 and Gen-Os groups (p = 0.009). All mp3, Gen-Os and Apatos exhibited promising results in terms of new bone formation, thus presenting suitable alternatives to be used in bone regeneration.
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Rao JS, Burlak C. Xenotransplantation literature update for September - October 2020. Xenotransplantation 2020; 28:e12665. [PMID: 33314409 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Sushil Rao
- Department of Surgery, Schulze Diabetes Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Solid Organ Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Christopher Burlak
- Department of Surgery, Schulze Diabetes Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Guarnieri R, Savio L, Bermonds A, Testarelli L. Implants with a Laser-microgrooved Collar Placed in Grafted Posterior Maxillary Extraction Sockets and in Crestally Grafted Sinuses: a 5-Year Multicentre Retrospective Study. J Oral Maxillofac Res 2020; 11:e2. [PMID: 33598110 PMCID: PMC7875103 DOI: 10.5037/jomr.2020.11402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this retrospective multicentre cohort study was to compare clinical outcomes, soft tissues conditions and differences in marginal bone loss between implants with a laser-microgrooved collar placed in posterior maxillary extraction sockets grafted by 4 to 5 months, and in posterior maxillary pristine bone (spontaneously healed posterior maxillary extraction sockets) by means of osteotome-mediated sinus floor elevation, over a period of 5 years after functional loading. Material and Methods Patients of Group 1 underwent extractions with sockets preservation using porcine-derived bone, covered with collagen membrane. Group 2 underwent extractions without socket preservation. Patients of Group 1 received implants in grafted sites, and Group 2 received implants in spontaneously healed bone using a maxillary sinus lift with crestal approach. Results Over the observation period, the overall clinical success rate in Group 1 and Group 2 was 98% and 100%, respectively, with no differences between the procedures and implants used. Cumulative radiographic marginal bone loss ranged from 0.03 to 0.39 mm after 60 months of functional loading. There were no statistically significant differences in marginal bone loss between short and standard-length implants placed in grafted extraction sockets and in pristine bone. Conclusions Short and standard implants with a laser-microgrooved collar, placed in posterior maxillary extraction sockets grafted by 4 to 5 months, and in posterior maxillary pristine bone (spontaneously healed posterior maxillary extraction sockets) by means of osteotome-mediated sinus floor elevation, exhibited no statistical difference in success rate, clinical parameters and marginal bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renzo Guarnieri
- Department of Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University "La Sapienza", RomeItaly.,Private practice, TorinoItaly
| | | | | | - Luca Testarelli
- Department of Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University "La Sapienza", RomeItaly.,Department of Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University "La Sapienza", RomeItaly
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Santos FRD, Minto BW, Silva SWGD, Coelho LDP, Rossignoli PP, Costa Junior JS, Taba Junior M, Dias LGGG. Caprine demineralized bone matrix (DBMc) in the repair of non-critical bone defects in rabbit tibias. A new bone xenograft. Acta Cir Bras 2020; 35:e202000801. [PMID: 32901678 PMCID: PMC7478467 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020200080000001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the use of demineralized bone matrix of caprine origin in experimental bone defects of the tibia in New Zealand rabbits. Methods Fragments of the tibia diaphysis were collected aseptically from clinically healthy goats. The bones were sectioned into 1 cm fragments and stored at -20°C for subsequent hydrochloric acid (HCL) demineralization. A 70 mg portion of DBMc was used to fill the experimental bone defects. Twenty-four female adult New Zealand rabbits were divided into 2 groups: the MG (matrix group, left tibia) and CG (control group, right tibia). Additionally, they were separated into 4 groups with 6 animals, according to the period of analysis (15, 30, 60 and 90 days postoperatively). Using microCT, volumetric parameters were evaluated: bone volume, relationship between bone volume and total volume, bone surface area, relationship between bone surface area and total volume, number of trabeculae, trabecular thickness and trabecular separation. Results There was a statistically significant difference (P<0.05) between groups considering bone volume (BV) and bone:total volume (BV/TV), on 15, 30 and 90 days postoperatively. Control group showed a statistically significant superiority (P < 0.05) considering the mean of the variables bone surface (BS), number of trabeculae (Tb.N) and between bone surface and total volume (BS/TV) at 15 and 90 days. Conclusions Caprine demineralized bone matrix was safe and tolerable. No signs of material rejection were seen macroscopically. It is an alternative for the treatment of bone defects when autologous graft is not available or in insufficient quantities.
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Bracey DN, Cignetti NE, Jinnah AH, Stone AV, Gyr BM, Whitlock PW, Scott AT. Bone xenotransplantation: A review of the history, orthopedic clinical literature, and a single‐center case series. Xenotransplantation 2020; 27:e12600. [DOI: 10.1111/xen.12600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel N. Bracey
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston‐Salem NC USA
| | - Natalie E. Cignetti
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston‐Salem NC USA
| | - Alexander H. Jinnah
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston‐Salem NC USA
| | - Austin V. Stone
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine University of Kentucky Lexington KY USA
| | - Bettina M. Gyr
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine Children’s Hospital of the King’s Daughters Norfolk VA USA
| | - Patrick W. Whitlock
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati OH USA
| | - Aaron T. Scott
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston‐Salem NC USA
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Comparison of Bone Regeneration between Porcine-Derived and Bovine-Derived Xenografts in Rat Calvarial Defects: A Non-Inferiority Study. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12203412. [PMID: 31635277 PMCID: PMC6829332 DOI: 10.3390/ma12203412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to compare the bone-regeneration capacity of porcine-derived xenografts to bovine-derived xenografts in the rat calvarial defect model. The observation of surface morphology and in vitro cell studies were conducted prior to the animal study. Defects with a diameter of 8 mm were created in calvaria of 20 rats. The rats were randomly treated with porcine-derived (Bone-XP group) or bovine-derived xenografts (Bio-Oss group) and sacrificed at 4 and 8 weeks after surgery. The new bone regeneration was evaluated by micro-computed tomography (μCT) and histomorphometric analyses. In the cell study, the extracts of Bone-XP and Bio-Oss showed a positive effect on the regulation of osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) without cytotoxicity. The new bone volume of Bone-XP (17.52 ± 3.78% at 4 weeks and 32.09 ± 3.51% at 8 weeks) was similar to that of Bio-Oss (11.6 ± 3.88% at 4 weeks and 25.89 ± 7.43% at 8 weeks) (p > 0.05). In the results of new bone area, there was no significant difference between Bone-XP (9.08 ± 5.47% at 4 weeks and 25.22 ± 13.56% at 8 weeks) and Bio-Oss groups (5.83 ± 2.56% at 4 weeks and 21.68 ± 11.11% at 8 weeks) (p > 0.05). It can be concluded that the porcine-derived bone substitute may offer a favorable cell response and bone regeneration similar to those of commercial bovine bone mineral.
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Bracey DN, Seyler TM, Jinnah AH, Smith TL, Ornelles DA, Deora R, Parks GD, Van Dyke ME, Whitlock PW. A porcine xenograft-derived bone scaffold is a biocompatible bone graft substitute: An assessment of cytocompatibility and the alpha-Gal epitope. Xenotransplantation 2019; 26:e12534. [PMID: 31342586 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xenografts are an attractive alternative to traditional bone grafts because of the large supply from donors with predictable morphology and biology as well as minimal risk of human disease transmission. Clinical series involving xenograft bone transplantation, most commonly from bovine sources, have reported poor results with frequent graft rejection and failure to integrate with host tissue. Failures have been attributed to residual alpha-Gal epitope in the xenograft which humans produce natural antibody against. To the authors' knowledge, there is currently no xenograft-derived bone graft substitute that has been adopted by orthopedic surgeons for routine clinical use. METHODS In the current study, a bone scaffold intended to serve as a bone graft substitute was derived from porcine cancellous bone using a tissue decellularization and chemical oxidation protocol. In vitro cytocompatibility, pathogen clearance, and alpha-Gal quantification tests were used to assess the safety of the bone scaffold intended for human use. RESULTS In vitro studies showed the scaffold was free of processing chemicals and biocompatible with mouse and human cell lines. When bacterial and viral pathogens were purposefully added to porcine donor tissue, processing successfully removed these pathogens to comply with sterility assurance levels established by allograft tissue providers. Critically, 98.5% of the alpha-Gal epitope was removed from donor tissue after decellularization as shown by ELISA inhibition assay and immunohistochemical staining. CONCLUSIONS The current investigation supports the biologic safety of bone scaffolds derived from porcine donors using a decellularization protocol that meets current sterility assurance standards. The majority of the highly immunogenic xenograft carbohydrate was removed from donor tissue, and these findings support further in vivo investigation of xenograft-derived bone tissue for orthopedic clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel N Bracey
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Thorsten M Seyler
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Alexander H Jinnah
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Thomas L Smith
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - David A Ornelles
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Rajendar Deora
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Griffith D Parks
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, Florida
| | - Mark E Van Dyke
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Patrick W Whitlock
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
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Bracey DN, Seyler TM, Jinnah AH, Lively MO, Willey JS, Smith TL, Van Dyke ME, Whitlock PW. A Decellularized Porcine Xenograft-Derived Bone Scaffold for Clinical Use as a Bone Graft Substitute: A Critical Evaluation of Processing and Structure. J Funct Biomater 2018; 9:jfb9030045. [PMID: 30002336 PMCID: PMC6164666 DOI: 10.3390/jfb9030045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone grafts are used in approximately one half of all musculoskeletal surgeries. Autograft bone is the historic gold standard but is limited in supply and its harvest imparts significant morbidity to the patient. Alternative sources of bone graft include allografts, synthetics and, less commonly, xenografts which are taken from animal species. Xenografts are available in unlimited supply from healthy animal donors with controlled biology, avoiding the risk of human disease transmission, and may satisfy current demand for bone graft products. METHODS In the current study, cancellous bone was harvested from porcine femurs and subjected to a novel decellularization protocol to derive a bone scaffold. RESULTS The scaffold was devoid of donor cellular material on histology and DNA sampling (p < 0.01). Microarchitectural properties important for osteoconductive potential were preserved after decellularization as shown by high resolution imaging modalities. Proteomics data demonstrated similar profiles when comparing the porcine bone scaffold against commercially available human demineralized bone matrix approved for clinical use. CONCLUSION We are unaware of any porcine-derived bone graft products currently used in orthopaedic surgery practice. Results from the current study suggest that porcine-derived bone scaffolds warrant further consideration to serve as a potential bone graft substitute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel N Bracey
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Thorsten M Seyler
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - Alexander H Jinnah
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Mark O Lively
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Jeffrey S Willey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Thomas L Smith
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Mark E Van Dyke
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | - Patrick W Whitlock
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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Liu R, Qiao W, Huang B, Chen Z, Fang J, Li Z, Chen Z. Fluorination Enhances the Osteogenic Capacity of Porcine Hydroxyapatite. Tissue Eng Part A 2018; 24:1207-1217. [PMID: 29376480 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2017.0381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In a previous study, we successfully prepared fluorinated porcine hydroxyapatite (FPHA) by immersing porcine hydroxyapatite (PHA) in an aqueous solution of 0.25 M sodium fluoride (NaF) under thermal treatment, and the resulting FPHA showed better physicochemical and biological properties than PHA. The purpose of this study was to further investigate how fluorine incorporation influenced the biocompatibility and osteogenic capacity of PHA. The concentrations of Ca, P, F, and Mg ions in PHA and FPHA extracts were detected by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Rat bone marrow stromal cells (rBMSCs) were treated with PHA and FPHA extracts, and the effects of these extracts on cell proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation were evaluated via Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, alkaline phosphatase assay, and real time-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. For the in vivo assessment, PHA and FPHA were implanted into subcutaneous pockets (n = 6) and rat calvarial defects (diameter = 5 mm, n = 14) for 12 weeks to determine their biocompatibility and osteogenic capacity by using micro-computed tomography (CT) and histological analysis. FPHA extracts, which release higher concentrations of F and Mg ions, better promoted the osteoblastic differentiation of rBMSCs in vitro. The result of biocompatibility evaluation confirmed that the host response and chronic inflammation cells infiltration degree around PHA and FPHA granules were similar. Micro-CT and histological analysis showed newer mineralized bone formation in rats with FPHA-treated defects than in rats with PHA-treated defects. The results of in vitro and in vivo tests consistently indicate that fluorine incorporation effectively enhanced the osteogenic capacity of PHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runheng Liu
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology , Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Qiao
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology , Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoxin Huang
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology , Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zetao Chen
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology , Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinghan Fang
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology , Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhipeng Li
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology , Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuofan Chen
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology , Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Scarano A, Lorusso F, Ravera L, Mortellaro C, Piattelli A. Bone Regeneration in Iliac Crestal Defects: An Experimental Study on Sheep. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:4086870. [PMID: 27413746 PMCID: PMC4931071 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4086870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background. Oral rehabilitation of partially fully edentulous patients with dental implants has become a routine procedure in clinical practice. In a site with a lack of bone GBR is a surgical procedure that provides an augmentation in terms of volume for the insertion of dental implants. Materials and Methods. In the iliac crest of six sheep 4 defects were created where an implant was inserted, three of them with different biomaterials and a control site. All animals were sacrificed after a 4-month healing period. All specimens were processed and analyzed with histomorphometry. Statistical evaluation was done to evaluate percentage of bone defect filled by new bone. Results. All experimental groups showed an increase of the new bone. Higher and highly statistically significant differences were found in the percentages of bone defect filled by new bone in group filled with corticocancellous 250-1000 microns particulate porcine bone mix. Conclusions. This study demonstrates that particulate porcine bone mix and porcine corticocancellous collagenate prehydrated bone mix when used as scaffold are able to induce bone regeneration. Moreover, these data suggest that these biomaterials have higher biocompatibility and are capable of inducing faster and greater bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Scarano
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences and CeSI-MeT, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Felice Lorusso
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Ravera
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Carmen Mortellaro
- Oral Surgery Unit, University of Eastern Piedmont, Viale Piazza d'Armi 1, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Adriano Piattelli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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Salamanca E, Lee WF, Lin CY, Huang HM, Lin CT, Feng SW, Chang WJ. A Novel Porcine Graft for Regeneration of Bone Defects. MATERIALS 2015. [PMCID: PMC5455581 DOI: 10.3390/ma8052523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bone regeneration procedures require alternative graft biomaterials to those for autogenous bone. Therefore, we developed a novel porcine graft using particle sizes of 250–500 μm and 500–1000 μm in rabbit calvarial bone defects and compared the graft properties with those of commercial hydroxyapatite (HA)/beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) over eight weeks. Surgery was performed in 20 adult male New Zealand white rabbits. During a standardized surgical procedure, four calvarial critical-size defects of 5 mm diameter and 3 mm depth were prepared. The defects were filled with HA/β-TCP, 250–500 μm or 500–1000 μm porcine graft, and control defects were not filled. The animals were grouped for sacrifice at 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks post-surgery. Subsequently, sample blocks were prepared for micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) scanning and histological sectioning. Similar bone formations were observed in all three treatment groups, although the 250–500 μm porcine graft performed slightly better. Rabbit calvarial bone tissue positively responded to porcine grafts and commercial HA/β-TCP, structural analyses showed similar crystallinity and porosity of the porcine and HA/β-TCP grafts, which facilitated bone formation through osteoconduction. These porcine grafts can be considered as graft substitutes, although further development is required for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eisner Salamanca
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan; E-Mails: (E.S.); (C.-Y.L.); (C.-T.L.); (S.-W.F.)
| | - Wei-Fang Lee
- School of Dental Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Chin-Yi Lin
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan; E-Mails: (E.S.); (C.-Y.L.); (C.-T.L.); (S.-W.F.)
| | - Haw-Ming Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials & Tissue Engineering, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Che-Tong Lin
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan; E-Mails: (E.S.); (C.-Y.L.); (C.-T.L.); (S.-W.F.)
| | - Sheng-Wei Feng
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan; E-Mails: (E.S.); (C.-Y.L.); (C.-T.L.); (S.-W.F.)
| | - Wei-Jen Chang
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan; E-Mails: (E.S.); (C.-Y.L.); (C.-T.L.); (S.-W.F.)
- Dental Department of Taipei Medical University, Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: cweijen1@ tmu.edu.tw; Tel.: +886-2-2736-1661 (ext. 5148); Fax: +886-2-2736-2295
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