1
|
Abtahi MA, Beheshtnejad AH, Latifi G, Akbari-Kamrani M, Ghafarian S, Masoomi A, Sonbolastan SA, Jahanbani-Ardakani H, Atighechian M, Banan L, Nouri H, Abtahi SH. Corneal Epithelial Thickness Mapping: A Major Review. J Ophthalmol 2024; 2024:6674747. [PMID: 38205099 PMCID: PMC10776199 DOI: 10.1155/2024/6674747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The corneal epithelium (CE) is the outermost layer of the cornea with constant turnover, relative stability, remarkable plasticity, and compensatory properties to mask alterations in the underlying stroma. The advent of quantitative imaging modalities capable of producing epithelial thickness mapping (ETM) has made it possible to characterize better the different patterns of epithelial remodeling. In this comprehensive synthesis, we reviewed all available data on ETM with different methods, including very high-frequency ultrasound (VHF-US) and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in normal individuals, corneal or systemic diseases, and corneal surgical scenarios. We excluded OCT studies that manually measured the corneal epithelial thickness (CET) (e.g., by digital calipers) or the CE (e.g., by confocal scanning or handheld pachymeters). A comparison of different CET measuring technologies and devices capable of producing thickness maps is provided. Normative data on CET and the possible effects of gender, aging, diurnal changes, refraction, and intraocular pressure are discussed. We also reviewed ETM data in several corneal disorders, including keratoconus, corneal dystrophies, recurrent epithelial erosion, herpes keratitis, keratoplasty, bullous keratopathy, carcinoma in situ, pterygium, and limbal stem cell deficiency. The available data on the potential role of ETM in indicating refractive surgeries, planning the procedure, and assessing postoperative changes are reviewed. Alterations in ETM in systemic and ocular conditions such as eyelid abnormalities and dry eye disease and the effects of contact lenses, topical medications, and cataract surgery on the ETM profile are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Golshan Latifi
- Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Sadegh Ghafarian
- Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Masoomi
- Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | | | - Laleh Banan
- Sunshine Coast University Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hosein Nouri
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed-Hossein Abtahi
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ni H, Xu S, Tian L, Mao J, Li J, Lin N, Hu P, Wu Z, Chen X, Bao Z, Zheng J, Yan P, Deng R. Repeatability and agreement of AOCT-1000 M, RTVue XR and IOL master 500 in measuring corneal thickness mapping and axial length applying principle of optical coherence tomography. BMC Med Imaging 2023; 23:194. [PMID: 37990166 PMCID: PMC10664477 DOI: 10.1186/s12880-023-01147-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the repeatability and agreement of Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography (AOCT-1000 M and RTVue XR) and partial coherence interferometry biometer (IOL Master 500) in measuring corneal thickness mapping and axial length respectively. METHODS Corneal thickness was measured by AOCT-1000 M and RTVue XR. Axial lengths were measured by AOCT-1000 M and IOL Master 500. The repeatability and agreement of corneal thickness and axial length were calculated in two groups of devices. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to verify the repeatability of the device. The 95% confidence interval of the difference compared to the set cut-off value was used to verify the agreement between the two devices. RESULTS A total of 60 subjects with 58 eyes were included. The central corneal thickness measured by AOCT-1000 M and RTVue XR were 504.46 ± 42.53 μm and 504.43 ± 42.89 μm respectively. The average difference between groups was 0.03 ± 4.58 μm, and the 95% confidence interval was (-1.17, 1.24), which was far less than the set threshold value of 15 μm (P < 0.001). Both RTVue XR and AOCT-1000 M had very good ICC values of central corneal thickness (0.998 and 0.994, respectively). The average axial lengths measured by AOCT-1000 M and IOL Master 500 were 24.28 ± 1.25 mm and 24.29 ± 1.26 mm respectively and the 95% confidence interval was (-0.02, 0.01), which was less than the set threshold value of 0.15 mm (P < 0.001). The ICC for both devices were 1.000. CONCLUSION Good repeatability and agreement were seen in measurements of central corneal thickness and axial length by AOCT-1000 M.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Ni
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310010, China
| | - Suzhong Xu
- Eye hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 32500, China
| | - Li Tian
- Eye hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 32500, China
| | - Jieli Mao
- Eye hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 32500, China
| | - Jing Li
- Eye hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 32500, China
| | - Na Lin
- Eye hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 32500, China
| | - Peike Hu
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310010, China
| | - Zhiyi Wu
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310010, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310010, China
| | - Zhishu Bao
- Eye hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 32500, China
| | - Jingwei Zheng
- Eye hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 32500, China
| | - Peihua Yan
- Vision X Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 201112, China
| | - Ruzhi Deng
- Eye hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 32500, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Clinical outcomes of transepithelial PRK using SCHWIND AMARIS laser platform with actual versus default epithelial thickness values. J Cataract Refract Surg 2021; 48:584-590. [PMID: 34486580 DOI: 10.1097/j.jcrs.0000000000000803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE to investigate the clinical outcomes of transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy (tPRK) with actual epithelial thickness versus default software values. METHODS eighty-three patients with refractive spherical error of -1.50 to -7.00 diopters (D), and refractive astigmatism up to 4.00 D were consecutively enrolled and divided into two groups: group 1 undergone tPRK with actual central and peripheral epithelial thickness input in right eyes, group 2 undergone tPRK with actual central and 10 μm higher peripheral epithelial thickness in right eyes, left eyes underwent tPRK with default protocol in both groups. Outcome measures were induced refractive error, achieved optical zone (OZ), and wasted stromal tissue. SETTING Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDesign: prospective controlled study. RESULTS Mean ± SD of induced spherical equivalent (SE) was +0.15 ± 0.39 D and +0.01 ± 0.35 D in right and left eyes of group 1 (p=0.01), and +0.04 ± 0.22 D and +0.03 ± 0.23 D in right and left eyes of group 2 (p=0.75), respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between wasted tissue between right and left eyes in group 1 and group 2 (p=0.77 and p=0.49, respectively). OZ contraction was significantly higher in right compared to left eyes in group 1 (p=0.05), but not in group 2 (p=0.95). CONCLUSION In tPRK, refractive outcomes, wasted tissue, and OZ contraction depend little on pre-existing corneal epithelial thickness in corneas with normal range epithelial thickness. However, OZ contraction may be a concern in lower amount of ablations.
Collapse
|