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Bavencoffe AG, Lopez ER, Johnson KN, Tian J, Gorgun FM, Shen BQ, Zhu MX, Dessauer CW, Walters ET. Widespread latent hyperactivity of nociceptors outlasts enhanced avoidance behavior following incision injury. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.30.578108. [PMID: 38352319 PMCID: PMC10862851 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.30.578108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Nociceptors with somata in dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) exhibit an unusual readiness to switch from an electrically silent state to a hyperactive state of tonic, nonaccommodating, low-frequency, irregular discharge of action potentials (APs). Ongoing activity (OA) during this state is present in vivo in rats months after spinal cord injury (SCI), and has been causally linked to SCI pain. OA induced by various neuropathic conditions in rats, mice, and humans is retained in nociceptor somata after dissociation and culturing, providing a powerful tool for investigating its mechanisms and functions. An important question is whether similar nociceptor OA is induced by painful conditions other than neuropathy. The present study shows that probable nociceptors dissociated from DRGs of rats subjected to postsurgical pain (induced by plantar incision) exhibit OA. The OA was most apparent when the soma was artificially depolarized to a level within the normal range of membrane potentials where large, transient depolarizing spontaneous fluctuations (DSFs) can approach AP threshold. This latent hyperactivity persisted for at least 3 weeks, whereas behavioral indicators of affective pain - hindpaw guarding and increased avoidance of a noxious substrate in an operant conflict test - persisted for 1 week or less. An unexpected discovery was latent OA in neurons from thoracic DRGs that innervate dermatomes distant from the injured tissue. The most consistent electrophysiological alteration associated with OA was enhancement of DSFs. Potential in vivo functions of widespread, low-frequency nociceptor OA consistent with these and other findings are to amplify hyperalgesic priming and to drive anxiety-related hypervigilance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis G. Bavencoffe
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Elia R. Lopez
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Kayla N. Johnson
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Jinbin Tian
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Falih M. Gorgun
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Breanna Q. Shen
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Michael X. Zhu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Carmen W. Dessauer
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Edgar T. Walters
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
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Catalani V, Botha M, Corkery JM, Guirguis A, Vento A, Schifano F. Designer Benzodiazepines' Activity on Opioid Receptors: A Docking Study. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:2639-2652. [PMID: 35538798 DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220510153319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have reported that benzodiazepines (BZDs) seem to enhance euphoric and reinforcing properties of opioids in opioid users so that a direct effect on opioid receptors has been postulated, together with a possible synergistic induction of severe side effects due to co use of BDZs and opioids. This is particularly worrisome given the appearance on the market of designer benzodiazepines (DBZDs), whose activity/toxicity profiles are scarcely known. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate, through computational studies, the binding affinity (or lack thereof) of 101 DBZDs identified online on the kappa, mu, and delta opioid receptors (K, M, DOR); and to assess whether their mechanism of action could include activation of the latter. METHODS MOE® was used for the computational studies. Pharmacophore mapping based on strong opioids agonist binders' 3D chemical features was used to filter the DBZDs. Resultant DBZDs were docked into the crystallised 3D active conformation of KOR (PDB6B73), DOR (PDB6PT3) and MOR (PDB5C1M). Co-crystallised ligands and four strong agonists were used as reference compounds. A score (S, Kcal/mol) representative of the predicted binding affinity, and a description of ligand interactions were obtained from MOE®. RESULTS The docking results, filtered for S < -8.0 and the interaction with the Asp residue, identified five DBZDs as putative binders of the three ORs : ciclotizolam, fluloprazolam, JQ1, Ro 48-6791, and Ro 48-8684. CONCLUSION It may be inferred that at least some DBZDs may have the potential to activate opioid receptors. This could mediate/increase their anxiolytic, analgesic, and addiction potentials, as well as worsen the side effects associated with opioid co-use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Catalani
- Psychopharmacology, Drug Misuse & Novel Psychoactive Substances Research Unit, School of Life & Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane Campus, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle Botha
- Psychopharmacology, Drug Misuse & Novel Psychoactive Substances Research Unit, School of Life & Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane Campus, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - John Martin Corkery
- Psychopharmacology, Drug Misuse & Novel Psychoactive Substances Research Unit, School of Life & Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane Campus, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Amira Guirguis
- Psychopharmacology, Drug Misuse & Novel Psychoactive Substances Research Unit, School of Life & Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane Campus, Hatfield, United Kingdom.,Swansea University Medical School, The Grove, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandro Vento
- Department of Mental Health, ASL Roma 2, Rome, Italy.,Addictions\' Observatory (ODDPSS), Rome, Italy.,Guglielmo Marconi' University, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Schifano
- Psychopharmacology, Drug Misuse & Novel Psychoactive Substances Research Unit, School of Life & Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane Campus, Hatfield, United Kingdom
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García-López C, Gómez-Huertas C, Sánchez-González JM, Borroni D, Rodríguez-Calvo-de-Mora M, Romano V, Rachwani-Anil R, Ramos-López JF, Ortiz-Pérez S, Rocha-de-Lossada C. Opioids and Ocular Surface Pathology; A Literature Review of New Treatments Horizons. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11051424. [PMID: 35268515 PMCID: PMC8911328 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11051424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
This review discusses the role of opioids in the corneal surface and the different pathways and therapeutic methods of management. A literature review was performed using PubMed database. For the database search, the main searching words “opioid” and “topical opioid treatment” were used with the descriptors “cornea”, “ocular surface”, “neuropathic corneal pain”, “corneal sensitivity” and “naltrexone”; original scientific articles and reviews were included to achieve the purpose of the review. The endogenous opioid system has relevant functions in the organism, and in daily use, opioids are used as painkillers. However, these drugs may be employed for other indications as opioid pathways have a wide spectrum. The corneal surface for topical treatment is easily accessible, hence sparing the side effects of systemic opioids. Instillation of opioid antagonist substances, such as naltrexone, increases corneal healing rates and stimulates the division of corneal epithelium cells without deleterious effects. The natural modulation of endogenous opioids controls different forms of pain, including inflammatory and neuropathic pain, both in the ocular surface and in the central nervous system. There are diverse methods in controlling pain using opioids, especially in refractory forms. This review attempts to collect the literature about corneal surface and opioid pathways to provide an overview image and a possible direction of the news treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia García-López
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain; (C.G.-L.); (C.G.-H.); (J.-F.R.-L.); (S.O.-P.); (C.R.-d.-L.)
| | - Carmen Gómez-Huertas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain; (C.G.-L.); (C.G.-H.); (J.-F.R.-L.); (S.O.-P.); (C.R.-d.-L.)
| | - José-María Sánchez-González
- Department of Physics of Condensed Matter, Optics Area, University of Seville, 41004 Seville, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-955-42-08-61
| | - Davide Borroni
- Department of Doctoral Studies, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia;
- Cornea Research Unit, ADVALIA Vision, 20145 Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Rodríguez-Calvo-de-Mora
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain;
- Department of Ophthalmology (Qvision), Vithas Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Vito Romano
- Department of Eye and Vision Science Ophthalmology, St Paul’s Eye Hospital, Liverpool L7 8XP, UK;
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, Ophthalmology Clinic, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Juan-Francisco Ramos-López
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain; (C.G.-L.); (C.G.-H.); (J.-F.R.-L.); (S.O.-P.); (C.R.-d.-L.)
| | - Santiago Ortiz-Pérez
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain; (C.G.-L.); (C.G.-H.); (J.-F.R.-L.); (S.O.-P.); (C.R.-d.-L.)
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18010 Granada, Spain
| | - Carlos Rocha-de-Lossada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain; (C.G.-L.); (C.G.-H.); (J.-F.R.-L.); (S.O.-P.); (C.R.-d.-L.)
- Department of Ophthalmology (Qvision), Vithas Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ceuta Medical Center, 51001 Ceuta, Spain
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4
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Cooper AH, Hedden NS, Corder G, Lamerand SR, Donahue RR, Morales-Medina JC, Selan L, Prasoon P, Taylor BK. Endogenous µ-opioid receptor activity in the lateral and capsular subdivisions of the right central nucleus of the amygdala prevents chronic postoperative pain. J Neurosci Res 2022; 100:48-65. [PMID: 33957003 PMCID: PMC8571119 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Tissue injury induces a long-lasting latent sensitization (LS) of spinal nociceptive signaling that is kept in remission by an opposing µ-opioid receptor (MOR) constitutive activity. To test the hypothesis that supraspinal sites become engaged, we induced hindpaw inflammation, waited 3 weeks for mechanical hypersensitivity to resolve, and then injected the opioid receptor inhibitors naltrexone, CTOP or β-funaltrexamine subcutaneously, and/or into the cerebral ventricles. Intracerebroventricular injection of each inhibitor reinstated hypersensitivity and produced somatic signs of withdrawal, indicative of LS and endogenous opioid dependence, respectively. In naïve or sham controls, systemic naloxone (3 mg/kg) produced conditioned place aversion, and systemic naltrexone (3 mg/kg) increased Fos expression in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA). In LS animals tested 3 weeks after plantar incision, systemic naltrexone reinstated mechanical hypersensitivity and produced an even greater increase in Fos than in sham controls, particularly in the capsular subdivision of the right CeA. One third of Fos+ profiles co-expressed protein kinase C delta (PKCδ), and 35% of PKCδ neurons co-expressed tdTomato+ in Oprm1Cre ::tdTomato transgenic mice. CeA microinjection of naltrexone (1 µg) reinstated mechanical hypersensitivity only in male mice and did not produce signs of somatic withdrawal. Intra-CeA injection of the MOR-selective inhibitor CTAP (300 ng) reinstated hypersensitivity in both male and female mice. We conclude that MORs in the capsular subdivision of the right CeA prevent the transition from acute to chronic postoperative pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew H. Cooper
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, and the Pittsburgh Project to end Opioid Misuse, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Naomi S. Hedden
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, and the Pittsburgh Project to end Opioid Misuse, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Gregory Corder
- Department of Psychiatry and Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sydney R. Lamerand
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, and the Pittsburgh Project to end Opioid Misuse, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA,Center for Neurosciences at the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Renee R. Donahue
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | | | - Lindsay Selan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, and the Pittsburgh Project to end Opioid Misuse, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Pranav Prasoon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, and the Pittsburgh Project to end Opioid Misuse, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Bradley K. Taylor
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, and the Pittsburgh Project to end Opioid Misuse, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA,Corresponding author: Bradley K. Taylor, 200 Lothrop Street, BSTW1455, Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Pain Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA,
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5
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Gerum M, Simonin F. Behavioral characterization, potential clinical relevance and mechanisms of latent pain sensitization. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 233:108032. [PMID: 34763010 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.108032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pain is a debilitating disorder that can occur as painful episodes that alternates with bouts of remission and occurs despite healing of the primary insult. Those episodes are often triggered by stressful events. In the last decades, a similar situation has been evidenced in a wide variety of rodent models (including inflammatory pain, neuropathy and opioid-induced hyperalgesia) where animals develop a chronic latent hyperalgesia that silently persists after behavioral signs of pain resolution. This state, referred as latent pain sensitization, is due to the compensatory activation of antinociceptive systems, such as the opioid system or NPY and its receptors. A transitory phase of hyperalgesia can then be reinstated by pharmacological or genetic blockade of these antinociceptive systems or by submitting animals to acute stress. Those observations reveal that there is a constant endogenous analgesia responsible for chronic pain inhibition that might paradoxically contribute to maintain this maladaptive state and could then participate to the transition from acute to chronic pain. Thus, demonstration of the existence of this phenomenon in humans and a better understanding of the mechanisms by which latent pain sensitization develops and maintains over long periods of time will be of particular interest to help identifying new therapeutic strategies and targets for chronic pain treatment. The present review aims to recapitulate behavioral expression, potential clinical relevance, cellular mechanisms and intracellular signaling pathways involved so far in latent pain sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Gerum
- Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, UMR7242 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Institut du Médicament de Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Frédéric Simonin
- Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, UMR7242 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Institut du Médicament de Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France.
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6
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Qu N, Meng Y, Handley MK, Wang C, Shan F. Preclinical and clinical studies into the bioactivity of low-dose naltrexone (LDN) for oncotherapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 96:107714. [PMID: 33989971 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Naltrexone (NTX) is a nonspecific opioid antagonist that exerts pharmacological effects on the opioid axis by blocking opioid receptors distributed in cytoplastic and nuclear regions. NTX has been used in opioid use disorder (OUD), immune-associated diseases, alcoholism, obesity, and chronic pain for decades. However, low-dose naltrexone (LDN) also exhibits remarkable inhibition of DNA synthesis, viability, and other functions in numerous cancers and is involved in immune remodeling against tumor invasion and chemical toxicity. The potential anticancer activity of LDN is a focus of basic research. Herein, we summarize the associated studies on LDN oncotherapy to highlight the potential mechanisms and prospective clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Qu
- Department of Gynecology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Institute and Hospital, No. 44, Xiaoheyan Road, Shenyang 110042, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yiming Meng
- Central Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Institute and Hospital, No. 44, Xiaoheyan Road, Shenyang 110042, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Mike K Handley
- Cytocom, Inc., 2537 Research Blvd. Suite 201, FortCollins, CO 80526, USA
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Institute and Hospital, No. 44, Xiaoheyan Road, Shenyang 110042, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Fengping Shan
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, No. 77, Puhe Road, Shenyang 110122, China.
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7
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Inyang KE, George SR, Laumet G. The µ-δ opioid heteromer masks latent pain sensitization in neuropathic and inflammatory pain in male and female mice. Brain Res 2021; 1756:147298. [PMID: 33516809 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The episodic nature of chronic pain can be studied in the rodent model of latent pain sensitization. After remission, central sensitization is opposed by activation of opioid receptors. At the behavioral level, latent pain sensitization is unmasked when pain hypersensitivity is reinstated by opioid receptor (OR) antagonism. Previous studies have focused on inflammatory pain and male rodents. Whether latent pain sensitization occurs in models of chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain in female and male mice is unknown. The first aim of this study was to investigate whether μ- and δ-OR suppress latent pain sensitization in our model of chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain in both sexes. Mounting evidence suggests that μ-and δ-ORs form a heteromer and that the heteromer modulates pain sensitivity. Potential implications of the μ-δ OR heteromer in latent pain sensitization have not been fully explored due to a lack of tools to effectively modulate the heteromer. To specifically target the μ-δ OR heteromer, we used a specific interfering peptide blocking the heteromerization. The second aim of this study was to investigate whether disruption of the μ-δOR heteromer, after remission, reinstates pain hypersensitivity. After remission from cisplatin-induced neuropathic pain, antagonism of µ-OR and δOR reinstates pain hypersensitivity in both sexes. After remission from cisplatin-induced neuropathic pain and postoperative pain, disruption of the μ-δOR heteromer reinstates pain hypersensitivity in both sexes. Taken together our findings suggest that the μ-δOR heteromer plays a crucial role in remission in various pain models and may represent a novel therapeutic target to prevent the relapse to pain and the transition to chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susan R George
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Geoffroy Laumet
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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8
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Zhang Y, Jeske NA. GRK2 Dictates a Functional Switch of the Peripheral Mu-Opioid Receptor. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:4376-4386. [PMID: 33174729 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The peripheral mu-opioid receptor (MOR) has been recognized as a potential target to provide safer analgesia with reduced central side effects. Although analgesic incompetence of the peripheral MOR in the absence of inflammation was initially identified more than a decade ago, there has been very limited investigation into the underlying signaling mechanisms. Here we identify that G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) constitutively interacts with the MOR in peripheral sensory neurons to suppress peripheral MOR activity. Brief exposure to bradykinin (BK) causes uncoupling of GRK2 from the MOR and subsequent restoration of MOR functionality in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Interestingly, prolonged BK treatment induces constitutive activation of the MOR through a mechanism that involves protein kinase C (PKC) activation. After silencing Raf kinase inhibitory protein (RKIP) by RNA interference, BK-induced constitutive MOR activation is completely abrogated, which agrees with previous findings that BK activates PKC signaling to initiate GRK2 sequestration by RKIP. Furthermore, we demonstrate that constitutive, peripheral MOR activity requires GRK2 uncoupling and that the FDA-approved SSRI paroxetine promotes this state of uncoupling. Collectively, these results indicate that GRK2 tightly regulates MOR functional states and controls constitutive MOR activity in peripheral sensory neurons, supporting the potential for targeting the kinase to provide safer analgesia.
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Chen W, Marvizón JC. A Src family kinase maintains latent sensitization in rats, a model of inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Brain Res 2020; 1746:146999. [PMID: 32579948 PMCID: PMC10866137 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Latent sensitization is a long-term model of chronic pain in which hyperalgesia is continuously suppressed by opioid receptors, as demonstrated by the induction of mechanical allodynia by opioid antagonists. Different intracellular signals may mediate the initiation, maintenance and expression of latent sensitization. Our criterion for the involvement of a signal in the maintenance of latent sensitization is that inhibitors should permanently eliminate the allodynia produced by an opioid antagonist. We hypothesized that Src family kinases (SFKs) maintain latent sensitization and tested this hypothesis by inducing latent sensitization in rats with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) or spared nerve injury. After measures of mechanical allodynia returned to baseline, vehicle or the SFK inhibitor PP2 were injected intrathecally. The opioid antagonist naltrexone injected intrathecally 15 min later produced allodynia in control rats but not in rats injected with PP2. Vehicle or PP2 were injected daily for two more days and naltrexone was injected five days later. Again, naltrexone induced allodynia in the control rats but not in the rats injected with PP2. Results were similar when latent sensitization was induced with CFA or spared nerve injury. We concluded that an SFK, likely Fyn, maintains latent sensitization induced by inflammation or nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenling Chen
- Veteran Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, United States; Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Juan Carlos Marvizón
- Veteran Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, United States; Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
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10
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Chen W, Marvizon JC. Neurokinin 1 receptor activation in the rat spinal cord maintains latent sensitization, a model of inflammatory and neuropathic chronic pain. Neuropharmacology 2020; 177:108253. [PMID: 32736088 PMCID: PMC10863619 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Latent sensitization is a model of chronic pain in which a persistent state of pain hypersensitivity is suppressed by opioid receptors, as evidenced by the ability of opioid antagonists to induce a period of mechanical allodynia. Our objective was to determine if substance P and its neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R) mediate the maintenance of latent sensitization. Latent sensitization was induced by injecting rats in the hindpaw with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA), or by tibial spared nerve injury (SNI). When responses to von Frey filaments returned to baseline (day 28), the rats were injected intrathecally with saline or the NK1R antagonist RP67580, followed 15 min later by intrathecal naltrexone. In both pain models, the saline-injected rats developed allodynia for 2 h after naltrexone, but not the RP67580-injected rats. Saline or RP67580 were injected daily for two more days. Five days later (day 35), naltrexone was injected intrathecally. Again, the saline-injected rats, but not the RP67580-injected rats, developed allodynia in response to naltrexone. To determine if there is sustained activation of NK1Rs during latent sensitization, NK1R internalization was measured in lamina I neurons in rats injected in the paw with saline or CFA, and then injected intrathecally with saline or naltrexone on day 28. The rats injected with CFA had a small amount of NK1R internalization that was significantly higher than in the saline-injected rats. Naltrexone increased NK1R internalization in the CFA-injected rats but nor in the saline-injected rats. Therefore, sustained activation of NK1Rs maintains pain hypersensitivity during latent sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenling Chen
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Veteran Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, 90073, USA
| | - Juan Carlos Marvizon
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Veteran Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, 90073, USA.
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Abstract
This paper is the forty-first consecutive installment of the annual anthological review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system, summarizing articles published during 2018 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides and receptors as well as effects of opioid/opiate agonists and antagonists. The review is subdivided into the following specific topics: molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors (2), the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia in animals (3) and humans (4), opioid-sensitive and opioid-insensitive effects of nonopioid analgesics (5), opioid peptide and receptor involvement in tolerance and dependence (6), stress and social status (7), learning and memory (8), eating and drinking (9), drug abuse and alcohol (10), sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (11), mental illness and mood (12), seizures and neurologic disorders (13), electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (14), general activity and locomotion (15), gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (16), cardiovascular responses (17), respiration and thermoregulation (18), and immunological responses (19).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY, 11367, United States.
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μ-Opioid Receptors on Distinct Neuronal Populations Mediate Different Aspects of Opioid Reward-Related Behaviors. eNeuro 2020; 7:ENEURO.0146-20.2020. [PMID: 32859725 PMCID: PMC7508564 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0146-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
μ-Opioid receptors (MORs) are densely expressed in different brain regions known to mediate reward. One such region is the striatum where MORs are densely expressed, yet the role of these MOR populations in modulating reward is relatively unknown. We have begun to address this question by using a series of genetically engineered mice based on the Cre recombinase/loxP system to selectively delete MORs from specific neurons enriched in the striatum: dopamine 1 (D1) receptors, D2 receptors, adenosine 2a (A2a) receptors, and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT). We first determined the effects of each deletion on opioid-induced locomotion, a striatal and dopamine-dependent behavior. We show that MOR deletion from D1 neurons reduced opioid (morphine and oxycodone)-induced hyperlocomotion, whereas deleting MORs from A2a neurons resulted in enhanced opioid-induced locomotion, and deleting MORs from D2 or ChAT neurons had no effect. We also present the effect of each deletion on opioid intravenous self-administration. We first assessed the acquisition of this behavior using remifentanil as the reinforcing opioid and found no effect of genotype. Mice were then transitioned to oxycodone as the reinforcer and maintained here for 9 d. Again, no genotype effect was found. However, when mice underwent 3 d of extinction training, during which the drug was not delivered, but all cues remained as during the maintenance phase, drug-seeking behavior was enhanced when MORs were deleted from A2a or ChAT neurons. These findings show that these selective MOR populations play specific roles in reward-associated behaviors.
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Nikbakhtzadeh M, Borzadaran FM, Zamani E, Shabani M. Protagonist Role of Opioidergic System on Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Associated Pain. Psychiatry Investig 2020; 17:506-516. [PMID: 32492768 PMCID: PMC7324730 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2020.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and chronic pain often co-occur. Studies have shown an interaction between pain and PTSD. In this narrative review, we aim to support conducting comprehensive studies by describing PTSD, pain and determining whether opioidergic system, its agonist and antagonist manipulation could positively or negatively affect PTSD symptoms and concurrent pain. METHODS Term searches was done in Google Scholar, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Web of Science and PubMed databases as well as hand searching in key resource journals from 1979-2019. RESULTS There are a lot of contradictions and disputes when endogenous opioidergic system and opioidergic antagonist system are studied in PTSD patients. Exogenous morphine administration in PTSD patients can decrease the symptoms of PTSD but it doesn't have a pain reduction effect to an acceptable level. Beta-endorphin as an endogenous opioid is effective in pain reduction in the moment of events but after minutes to hours, the endorphins withdrawal syndrome leads to exaggerated intrusive thoughts and flashbacks of PTSD, which exacerbate the pain. It has also been shown that naloxone, as an opioidergic antagonist, can reduce or increase the PTSD symptoms and its associated pain. CONCLUSION Data suggest different roles of opioidergic system and their antagonist in pain control and mood in PTSD. However, further investigations need to be done in order to reveal the role of endogenous opioidergic system and opioidergic antagonist system as a mediator in PTSD patients suffering from acute or chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Nikbakhtzadeh
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mohtashami Borzadaran
- Kerman Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Elham Zamani
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shabani
- Kerman Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Martínez-Navarro M, Cabañero D, Wawrzczak-Bargiela A, Robe A, Gavériaux-Ruff C, Kieffer BL, Przewlocki R, Baños JE, Maldonado R. Mu and delta opioid receptors play opposite nociceptive and behavioural roles on nerve-injured mice. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:1187-1205. [PMID: 31655493 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Mu and delta opioid receptors(MOP, DOP) contribution to the manifestations of pathological pain is not understood. We used genetic approaches to investigate the opioid mechanisms modulating neuropathic pain and its comorbid manifestations. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We generated conditional knockout mice with MOP or DOP deletion in sensoryNav1.8-positive neurons (Nav1.8), in GABAergic forebrain neurons (DLX5/6) orconstitutively (CMV). Mutant mice and wild-type littermates were subjected topartial sciatic nerve ligation (PSNL) or sham surgery and their nociception wascompared. Anxiety-, depressivelike behaviour and cognitive performance were also measured. Opioid receptor mRNA expression, microgliosis and astrocytosis were assessed in the dorsalroot ganglia (DRG) and/or the spinal cord (SC). KEY RESULTS Constitutive CMV-MOP knockouts after PSNL displayed reduced mechanical allodynia and enhanced heat hyperalgesia. This phenotype was accompanied by increased DOP expression in DRG and SC, and reduced microgliosis and astrocytosis in deep dorsal horn laminae. Conditional MOP knockouts and control mice developed similar hypersensitivity after PSNL, except for anenhanced heat hyperalgesia by DLX5/6-MOP male mice. Neuropathic pain-induced anxiety was aggravated in CMV-MOP and DLX5/6-MOP knockouts. Nerve-injured CMV-DOP mice showed increased mechanical allodynia, whereas Nav1.8-DOP and DLX5/8-DOP mice had partial nociceptive enhancement. CMV-DOP and DLX5/6-DOP mutants showed increased depressive-like behaviour after PSNL. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS MOP activity after nerve injury increased anxiety-like responses involving forebrain GABAergic neurons and enhanced mechanical pain sensitivity along with repression of DOP expression and spinal cord gliosis. In contrast, DOP shows a protective function limiting nociceptive and affective manifestations of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Martínez-Navarro
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Cabañero
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Agnieszka Wawrzczak-Bargiela
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Brain Biostructure, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anne Robe
- Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, Strasbourg, France.,IGBMC, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France.,Laboratory UMR7104, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France.,Unit U 1258, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U 1258, Illkirch, France
| | - Claire Gavériaux-Ruff
- Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, Strasbourg, France.,IGBMC, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France.,Laboratory UMR7104, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France.,Unit U 1258, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U 1258, Illkirch, France
| | - Brigitte L Kieffer
- Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, Strasbourg, France.,IGBMC, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France.,Laboratory UMR7104, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France.,Unit U 1258, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U 1258, Illkirch, France.,Faculty of Medicine, Douglas Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ryszard Przewlocki
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Josep E Baños
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Maldonado
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.,Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
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Inyang KE, McDougal TA, Ramirez ED, Williams M, Laumet G, Kavelaars A, Heijnen CJ, Burton M, Dussor G, Price TJ. Alleviation of paclitaxel-induced mechanical hypersensitivity and hyperalgesic priming with AMPK activators in male and female mice. NEUROBIOLOGY OF PAIN 2019; 6:100037. [PMID: 31650090 PMCID: PMC6804652 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynpai.2019.100037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an energy-sensing kinase that has emerged as a novel therapeutic target for pain due to its ability to inhibit mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, two signaling pathways that are linked to pain promotion after injury as well as the development of hyperalgesic priming. MAPK and mTOR signaling are also implicated in chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). We conducted a series of experiments to gain further insight into how AMPK activators might best be used to treat pain in both sexes in the setting of CIPN from paclitaxel. We also assessed whether hyperalgesic priming emerges from paclitaxel treatment and if this can be prevented by AMPK targeting. AMPK can be pharmacologically activated indirectly through regulation of upstream kinases like liver kinase B1 (LKB1) or directly using positive allosteric modulators. We used the indirect AMPK activators metformin and narciclasine, both of which have been shown to reduce pain in preclinical models but with much different potencies and different efficacies depending on the sex of the animal. We used the direct AMPK activator MK8722 because it is the most potent and specific such activator described to date. Here, the AMPK activators were used in 2 different treatment paradigms. First the drugs were given concurrently with paclitaxel to test whether they prevent mechanical hypersensitivity. Second the AMPK activators were given after the completion of paclitaxel treatment to test whether they reverse established mechanical hypersensitivity. Consistent with our previously published findings with metformin, narciclasine (1 mg/kg) produced an anti-hyperalgesic effect, preventing paclitaxel-induced neuropathy in outbred mice of both sexes. In contrast to metformin, narciclasine also reversed mechanical hypersensitivity in established CIPN. Both metformin (200 mg/kg) and narciclasine prevented the development of hyperalgesic priming induced by paclitaxel treatment. MK8722 (30 mg/kg) had no effect on mechanical hypersensitivity caused by paclitaxel in either the prevention or reversal treatment paradigms. However, MK8722 did attenuate hyperalgesic priming in male and female mice. We conclude that paclitaxel induces robust hyperalgesic priming that is prevented by AMPK targeting and that narciclasine is a particularly attractive candidate for further development as a CIPN treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kufreobong E Inyang
- University of Texas at Dallas, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, United States
| | - Timothy A McDougal
- University of Texas at Dallas, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, United States
| | - Eric D Ramirez
- University of Texas at Dallas, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, United States
| | - Marisa Williams
- University of Texas at Dallas, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, United States
| | - Geoffroy Laumet
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Symptom Research, United States
| | | | - Cobi J Heijnen
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Symptom Research, United States
| | - Michael Burton
- University of Texas at Dallas, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, United States
| | - Gregory Dussor
- University of Texas at Dallas, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, United States
| | - Theodore J Price
- University of Texas at Dallas, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, United States
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Price TJ, Ray PR. Recent advances toward understanding the mysteries of the acute to chronic pain transition. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 11:42-50. [PMID: 32322780 DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2019.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pain affects up to a third of the population. Ongoing epidemiology studies suggest that the impact of chronic pain on the population is accelerating [1]. While advances have been made in understanding how chronic pain develops, there are still many important mysteries about how acute pain transitions to a chronic state. In this review, I summarize recent developments in the field with a focus on several areas of emerging research that are likely to have an important impact on the field. These include mechanisms of cellular plasticity that drive chronic pain, evidence of pervasive sex differential mechanisms in chronic pain and the profound impact that next generation sequencing technologies are having on this area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore J Price
- University of Texas at Dallas, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences and Center for Advanced Pain Studies
| | - Pradipta R Ray
- University of Texas at Dallas, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences and Center for Advanced Pain Studies
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