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Spasić J, Radosavljević D, Nagorni-Obradović L. The influence of genetic polymorphisms on the toxicity of platinum-based chemotherapy in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. MEDICINSKI PODMLADAK 2021. [DOI: 10.5937/mp72-31940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer remains one of the most frequent and the deadliest of malignant diseases throughout the world. Target and immune therapy have revolutionalized the treatment of this disease, but platinum-based chemotherapy still has a place in the treatment algorithm. The toxicity profile of cisplatin is well known and can be a limiting factor in the adequate treatment delivery of the drug. There are important inter-individual differences in the efficacy and the toxicity of all chemotherapy drugs, which cannot be explained solely by the characteristics of the tumor. In order to define predictive factors for the occurrence of toxic effects, numerous genetic alterations have been investigated - especially single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The investigated genes are those involved in DNA repair mechanisms, signal pathways of apoptosis, DNA synthesis, transport mechanisms, but often with inconclusive and opposing results. It is clear that the effect of SNPs on the occurrence of cisplatin toxicity cannot be explained by investigating just one or several genes alone, but epigenetic interactions must be investigated, as well as interactions with outside factors. The study of SNPs is, however, a relatively simple and inexpensive method and, as such, can be used as one of the prognostic tools for everyday practice.
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EGFR Polymorphism and Survival of NSCLC Patients Treated with TKIs: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2020; 2020:1973241. [PMID: 32256580 PMCID: PMC7104312 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1973241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitor- (TKI-) based therapy revolutionized the overall survival and the quality of life in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients that have epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations. However, EGFR is a highly polymorphic and mutation-prone gene, with over 1200 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Since the role of EFGR polymorphism on the treatment outcome is still a matter of debate, this research analyzed the available literature data, according to the PRISMA guidelines for meta-analyses. Research includes PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and 14 of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) electronic databases in order to provide quantitative assessment of the association between ten investigated EGFR SNPs and the survival of NSCLC patients. The pooled HR and their 95% CI for OS and PFS for different EGFR polymorphisms using a random or fixed effect model based on the calculated heterogeneity between the studies was applied. The longest and the shortest median OSs were reported for the homozygous wild genotype and a variant allele carriers for rs712829 (-216G>T), respectively. Quantitative synthesis in our study shows that out of ten investigated EGFR SNPs (rs11543848, rs11568315, rs11977388, rs2075102, rs2227983, rs2293347, rs4947492, rs712829, rs712830, and rs7809028), only four, namely, rs712829 (-216G>T), rs11568315 (CA repeat), rs2293347 (D994D), and rs4947492, have been reported to affect the outcome of TKI-based NSCLC treatment. Of these, only -216G>T and variable CA repeat polymorphisms have been confirmed by meta-analysis of available data to significantly affect OS and PFS in gefitinib- or erlotinib-treated NSCLC patients.
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Sergi CM. Lower Respiratory Tract. PATHOLOGY OF CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENCE 2020:139-253. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-59169-7_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
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Hong MJ, Yoo SS, Choi JE, Kang HG, Do SK, Lee JH, Lee WK, Lee J, Lee SY, Cha SI, Kim CH, Lee EB, Cho S, Jheon S, Park JY. Functional intronic variant of SLC5A10 affects DRG2 expression and survival outcomes of early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:3902-3909. [PMID: 30281872 PMCID: PMC6272084 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
RegulomeDB is a new tool that can predict the regulatory function of genetic variants. We applied RegulomeDB in selecting putative functional variants and evaluated the relationship between these variants and survival outcomes of surgically resected non‐small‐cell lung cancer. Among the 244 variants studied, 14 were associated with overall survival (P < 0.05) in the discovery cohort and one variant (rs2257609 C>T) was replicated in the validation cohort. In the combined analysis, rs2257609 C>T was significantly associated with worse overall and disease‐free survival under a dominant model (P = 2 × 10−5 and P = 0.001, respectively). rs2257609 is located in the SLC5A10 intron, but RegulomeDB predicted that this variant affected DRG2, not SLC5A10 expression. The expression level of SLC5A10 was not different with the rs2257609 genotype. However, DRG2 expression was different according to the rs2257609 genotype (Ptrend = 0.03) and was significantly higher in tumor than in non‐malignant lung tissues (P = 1 × 10−5). Luciferase assay also showed higher promoter activity of DRG2 in samples with the rs2257609 T allele (P < 0.0001). rs2257609 C>T affected DRG2 expression and, thus, influenced the prognosis of early‐stage non‐small‐cell lung cancer. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Broad of Kyungpook National University of Hospital (Approval No. KNUMC 2014‐04‐210‐003).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Jeong Hong
- Department of Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Seung Soo Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Deagu, Korea
| | - Jin Eun Choi
- Department of Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hyo-Gyoung Kang
- Department of Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sook Kyung Do
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.,BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jang Hyuck Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.,BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Won Kee Lee
- Biostatistics Center, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jaehee Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Deagu, Korea
| | - Shin Yup Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Deagu, Korea
| | - Seung Ick Cha
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Deagu, Korea
| | - Chang Ho Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Deagu, Korea
| | - Eung Bae Lee
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sukki Cho
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sanghoon Jheon
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Yong Park
- Department of Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Deagu, Korea.,Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.,BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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5
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Yu P, Kusuma JD, Suarez MAR, Pamela Koong Shiao SY. Lung cancer susceptibility from GSTM1 deletion and air pollution with smoking status: a meta-prediction of worldwide populations. Oncotarget 2018; 9:31120-31132. [PMID: 30123431 PMCID: PMC6089566 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutathione S transferase mu 1 (GSTM1) gene has been associated with lung cancer (LC) risk, for GSTM1 enzyme playing a vital role in detoxification pathway and protective against toxic insults. The major objective of this study was to investigate GSTM1 deletion pattern and its association with LC in the world’s population by using meta-prediction techniques. The secondary objective was to examine the effects of air pollution, smoking status, and other factors for gene-environment interactions with GSTM1 deletion and LC risk. We completed a comprehensive search to yield a total of 170 studies (40,296 cases and 48,346 controls) published from 1999 to 2017 for meta-analyses. The results revealed that GSTM1 deletion type was associated with increased risk of LC, while GSTM1 present type provided protective effect for all populations combined worldwide. Subgroup analysis on the rank order of risks from highest to lowest, among racial–ethnic groups, were Chinese, South East Asian, other North Asian, European, and finally American. Additional predictive analyses presented that air pollution played a significant role with increased risks of GSTM1 deletion and LC susceptibility, and the risks increased for smokers with higher levels of air pollution. Based on the findings of meta-predictive analysis, increased air pollution levels and smoking status presented additive effects to the LC risk susceptibilities and GSTM1 gene polymorphisms, for gene-environment interactions. Future studies are needed to examine gene-environment interactions for GSTM1 interacting with environmental factors and dietary interventions to mitigate the toxic effects, for LC prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pojui Yu
- Department of Nursing, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan (R.O.C.).,School of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Joyce D Kusuma
- Heritage Victor Valley Medical Group, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Maria Aurora R Suarez
- Critical Care and Telemetry, Citrus Valley Health Partners, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
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Agostini LP, Stur E, Garcia FM, Ventorim DP, Dos Reis RS, Dettogni RS, Dos Santos EVW, Peterle GT, Maia LL, Mendes SO, de Carvalho MB, Tajara EH, de Paula F, Dos Santos M, da Silva AMA, Louro ID. ATM, BCL2, and TGFβ Gene Polymorphisms as Radiotherapy Outcome Biomarkers in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2017; 21:727-735. [PMID: 29135311 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2017.0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Polymorphisms in cell cycle genes are considered prognostic as radiosensitivity markers in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the relationship of ATM 5557G>A, ATM IVS62 + 60G>A, TP53 215G>C, BCL2-938C>A, TGFβ-509C>T, and TGFβ 29C>T with radiotherapy response. MATERIALS AND METHODS Genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism in 210 patients with oral cavity/oropharyngeal carcinoma and 101 patients with laryngeal tumors. RESULTS In irradiated oral cavity/oropharyngeal tumors, the ATM IVS62 + 60G>A AA genotype significantly increased local recurrence risk (odds ratio [OR] = 4.43; confidence interval [CI] = 1.22-16.13) and the BCL2-938C>A C allele and the TGFβ-509C>T T allele were associated with worse disease-specific survival (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.46; CI = 0.24-0.90 and HR = 2.20; CI = 1.12-4.29, respectively). In irradiated laryngeal carcinoma, the TGFβ 29C>T C allele was associated with increased local recurrence risk (OR = 0.09; CI = 0.02-0.53), death rate (OR = 0.18; CI = 0.04-0.86), and worse local disease-free and disease-specific survival rates (HR = 0.13; CI = 0.03-0.59 and HR = 0.21; CI = 0.07-0.60, respectively), while the BCL2-938C>A C allele was related to a worse disease-specific survival (HR = 0.32; CI = 0.12-0.83). DISCUSSION These results can help individualize treatment according to a patient's genetic markers. We demonstrated that ATM IVS62 + 60G>A, TGFβ 29C>T, TGFβ-509C>T, and BCL2-938C>A can function as biomarkers of tumor radiosensitivity, being candidates for a predictive genetic profile of radiotherapy response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidiane P Agostini
- 1 Department of Cell Biology, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo , Vitória, Brazil
| | - Elaine Stur
- 1 Department of Cell Biology, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo , Vitória, Brazil
| | - Fernanda M Garcia
- 1 Department of Cell Biology, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo , Vitória, Brazil
| | - Diego P Ventorim
- 1 Department of Cell Biology, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo , Vitória, Brazil
| | - Raquel S Dos Reis
- 1 Department of Cell Biology, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo , Vitória, Brazil
| | - Raquel S Dettogni
- 1 Department of Cell Biology, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo , Vitória, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriela T Peterle
- 2 Department of Cell Biology, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo , Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lucas L Maia
- 2 Department of Cell Biology, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo , Alegre, Brazil
| | - Suzanny O Mendes
- 2 Department of Cell Biology, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo , Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Eloiza H Tajara
- 4 Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto , São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Flavia de Paula
- 1 Department of Cell Biology, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo , Vitória, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Dos Santos
- 5 Department of Cell Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte , Caicó, Brazil
| | - Adriana M A da Silva
- 2 Department of Cell Biology, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo , Alegre, Brazil
| | - Iúri Drumond Louro
- 1 Department of Cell Biology, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo , Vitória, Brazil
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Lee DH, Heo YR, Park WJ, Lee JH. A TERT-CLPTM1 locus polymorphism (rs401681) is associated with EGFR mutation in non-small cell lung cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2017; 213:1340-1343. [PMID: 29033187 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2017.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Telomere length is associated with lung carcinogenesis, and recent studies have focused on telomere-maintaining genes and their polymorphisms. Cancer susceptibility of the rs401681 polymorphism, located in the TERT-CLPTM1L locus, has been studied in many cancers. We examined the clinicopathological and prognostic value of rs401681 variants in lung cancer. The relationship between rs401681 variants and telomere length was analyzed in 134 non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs). The rs401681 polymorphism had the following genotype frequencies: C/C in 52.2% of the samples, C/T in 30.6%, and T/T in 17.2%. The T allele showed a strong correlation with EGFR mutation (p=0.037). Telomeres in the tumor samples were 3.26-fold longer, on average, than telomeres in matched normal samples (SD=0.48), and there were no differences in telomere length according to rs401681 polymorphism. Smoking was associated with telomere shortening (p=0.01). Survival analysis showed no prognostic value for rs401681 polymorphisms or telomere length in NSCLC. These results suggested that the rs401681 polymorphism contributes to lung carcinogenesis only in patients harboring an EGFR mutation. However, the polymorphism was not associated with survival; therefore, further comprehensive analysis should be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deok Heon Lee
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Ran Heo
- Department of Anatomy, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Jin Park
- Department of Anatomy, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Liu G, Cuffe S, Liang S, Azad AK, Cheng L, Brhane Y, Qiu X, Cescon DW, Bruce J, Chen Z, Cheng D, Patel D, Tse BC, Laurie SA, Goss G, Leighl NB, Hung R, Bradbury PA, Seymour L, Shepherd FA, Tsao MS, Chen BE, Xu W, Reisman DN. BRM Promoter Polymorphisms and Survival of Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients in the Princess Margaret Cohort and CCTG BR.24 Trial. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 23:2460-2470. [PMID: 27827316 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-1640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: BRM, a key catalytic subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, is a putative tumor susceptibility gene that is silenced in 15% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Two novel BRM promoter polymorphisms (BRM-741 and BRM-1321) are associated with reversible epigenetic silencing of BRM protein expression.Experimental Design: Advanced NSCLC patients from the Princess Margaret (PM) cohort study and from the CCTG BR.24 clinical trial were genotyped for BRM promoter polymorphisms. Associations of BRM variants with survival were assessed using log-rank tests, the method of Kaplan and Meier, and Cox proportional hazards models. Promoter swap, luciferase assays, and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) experiments evaluated polymorphism function. In silico analysis of publicly available gene expression datasets with outcome were performed.Results: Carrying the homozygous variants of both polymorphisms ("double homozygotes", DH) when compared with those carrying the double wild-type was associated with worse overall survival, with an adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) of 2.74 (95% CI, 1.9-4.0). This was confirmed in the BR.24 trial (aHR, 8.97; 95% CI, 3.3-18.5). Lower BRM gene expression (by RNA-Seq or microarray) was associated with worse outcome (P < 0.04). ChIP and promoter swap experiments confirmed binding of MEF2D and HDAC9 only to homozygotes of each polymorphism, associated with reduced promoter activity in the DH.Conclusions: Epigenetic regulatory molecules bind to two BRM promoter sequence variants but not to their wild-type sequences. These variants are associated with adverse overall and progression-free survival. Decreased BRM gene expression, seen with these variants, is also associated with worse overall survival. Clin Cancer Res; 23(10); 2460-70. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Liu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sinead Cuffe
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Abul Kalam Azad
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lu Cheng
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yonathan Brhane
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xin Qiu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David W Cescon
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Bruce
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dangxiao Cheng
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Devalben Patel
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brandon C Tse
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Glenwood Goss
- Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Natasha B Leighl
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rayjean Hung
- Lunenfeld Research Institute and Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Penelope A Bradbury
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lesley Seymour
- Canadian Cancer Trials Group, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Frances A Shepherd
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ming Sound Tsao
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bingshu E Chen
- Canadian Cancer Trials Group, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wei Xu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Kachuri L, Latifovic L, Liu G, Hung RJ. Systematic Review of Genetic Variation in Chromosome 5p15.33 and Telomere Length as Predictive and Prognostic Biomarkers for Lung Cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2016; 25:1537-1549. [PMID: 27566420 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-16-0200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Known histomolecular characteristics and genomic profiles provide limited insight into factors influencing patient outcomes. Telomere length (TL) is important for genomic integrity and has been a growing area of interest as agents targeting telomerase are being evaluated. Chromosome 5p15.33, an established cancer susceptibility locus, contains a telomerase-regulatory gene, TERT, and CLPTM1L, a gene associated with cisplatin-induced apoptosis. This review offers a summary of the clinical utility of 5p15.33 polymorphisms and TL. A total of 621 abstracts were screened, and 14 studies (7 for 5p15.33, 7 for TL) were reviewed. Endpoints included overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), therapy response, and toxicity. Of the 23 genetic variants identified, significant associations with OS and/or PFS were reported for rs401681 (CLPTM1L), rs4975616 (TERT-CLPTM1L), and rs2736109 (TERT). Both shorter and longer TL, in tumor and blood, was linked to OS and PFS. Overall, consistent evidence across multiple studies of 5p15.33 polymorphisms and TL was lacking. Despite the potential to become useful prognostic biomarkers in lung cancer, the limited number of reports and their methodologic limitations highlight the need for larger, carefully designed studies with clinically defined subpopulations and higher resolution genetic analyses. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(12); 1537-49. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Kachuri
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Prevention & Cancer Control, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lidija Latifovic
- Prevention & Cancer Control, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Geoffrey Liu
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rayjean J Hung
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Irinotecan-induced toxicity pharmacogenetics: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2016; 17:21-28. [DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2016.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Schmiegelow K. Treatment-related toxicities in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia predisposition syndromes. Eur J Med Genet 2016; 59:654-660. [PMID: 26876989 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although most children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) do not harbor germline mutations that strongly predispose them to development of this malignancy, large syndrome registries and detailed mapping of exomes or whole genomes of familial leukaemia kindreds have revealed that 3-5% of all childhood ALL cases are due to such germline mutations, but the figure may be higher. Most of these syndromes are primarily characterized by their non-malignant phenotype, whereas ALL may be the dominating or even only striking manifestation of the syndrome in some families. Identification of such ALL patients is important in order to adjust therapy and offer genetic counseling and cancer surveillance to mutation carriers in the family. In the coming years large genomic screening projects are expected to reveal further hitherto unrecognised familial ALL syndromes. The treatment of ALL cases harboring cancer predisposing mutations can be challenging for both the physician and the patient due to their preexisting symptoms, their reduced tolerance to radio- and/or chemotherapy with enhanced risk of life-threatening organ toxicities, and the paucity of data from ALL patients with the same or similar syndromes being treated by contemporary protocols. Recent studies clearly indicate that many of these patients stand a good chance of cure, and that they should be offered chemotherapy with the intention to cure. Some of these syndromes are characterized by reduced tolerance to radiotherapy and/or specific anticancer agents, while others are not. This review summarises our current knowledge on the risk of acute toxicities for these ALL patients and provides guidance for treatment adjustments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kjeld Schmiegelow
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, New York, USA; Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, USA.
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12
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Predictive assessment in pharmacogenetics of XRCC1 gene on clinical outcomes of advanced lung cancer patients treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16482. [PMID: 26585370 PMCID: PMC4653744 DOI: 10.1038/srep16482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Published data have shown inconsistent results about the pharmacogenetics of XRCC1 gene on clinical outcomes of advanced lung cancer patients treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. This meta-analysis aimed to summarize published findings and provide more reliable association. A total of 53 eligible studies including 7433 patients were included. Patients bearing the favorable TrpTrp and TrpArg genotypes of Arg194Trp were more likely to better response rates to platinum-based chemotherapy compared to those with the unfavorable ArgArg genotype (TrpTrp+TrpArg vs. ArgArg: odds ratio (OR) = 2.02, 95% CI, 1.66–2.45). The GlnGln and GlnArg genotypes of Arg399Gln were significantly associated with the poorer response rates compared to those with the ArgArg genotype (GlnGln +GlnArg vs. ArgArg: OR = 0.68, 95% CI, 0.54–0.86). The GlnGln genotype might be more closely associated with shorter survival time and higher risks of death for patients (GlnGln vs. ArgArg: hazard ratio (HR) = 1.14, 95% CI, 0.75–1.75). Our cumulative meta-analyses indicated a distinct apparent trend toward a better response rate for Arg194Trp, but a poorer response rate in Arg399Gln. These findings indicate a predictive role of XRCC1 polymorphisms in clinical outcomes. The use of XRCC1 polymorphisms as predictive factor of clinical outcomes in personalized chemotherapy treatment requires further verification from large well-designed pharmacogenetics studies.
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Cihan YB, Ozturk A, Arslan A, Deniz K, Baran M, Karaca H. ERCC1 as a biological marker guiding management in malignant pleural mesothelioma. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:4117-23. [PMID: 24935356 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.10.4117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To determine prognostic value of excision repair cross-complementation 1 (ERCC1) in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 60 patients with MPM who were diagnosed and treated in the Radiation Oncology Department of Kayseri Teaching Hospital and Medical Oncology Department of Erciyes University, Medicine School between 2005 and 2013. By using immunohistochemical methods, ERCC1 expression in biopsy specimens was evaluated. We retrospectively assessed whether there is a correlation between ERCC1 and response to anti-neoplastic therapy or survival. RESULTS There were 50 men and 10 women with median age of 62 years (range: 39-83). Histological type was epithelial mesothelioma in the majority of the cases (85%), most commonly presenting in stage four. Of the cases, 20 (33%) received radiotherapy, 60 (%100) received first-line chemotherapy and 15 (%25) received second-line chemotherapy. In the assessment after therapy, it was found that there was partial response in 12 cases (20%), stable disease in 19 cases (31.4%) and progression in 25 cases (41.7%). ERCC1 was positive in 43% of the cases. Mean OS was 11.7 months and mean DFS was 9.5 months in ERCC1-positive cases regardless of therapy, while they were 19.2 months and 17.1 months in ERCC1-negative cases, respectively. The difference was found to be significant (p<0.05). In univariate analysis, stage, comorbidity, response to treatment and ERCC1 expression were found to be significantly associated with OS (p=0.083; p=0.043; p=0.041; p=0.050). In multivariate analysis, response to treatment remained to be significant for OS (p=0.005). In univariate and multivariate analyses, response to treatment and ERCC1 were found to be significantly associated with DFS (p=0.049; p=0.041). CONCLUSIONS ERCC1 was identified as poor prognostic factor in patients with MPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasemin Benderli Cihan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kayseri Education and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey E-mail :
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Rose MC, Kostyanovskaya E, Huang RS. Pharmacogenomics of cisplatin sensitivity in non-small cell lung cancer. GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2014; 12:198-209. [PMID: 25449594 PMCID: PMC4411417 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin, a platinum-based chemotherapeutic drug, has been used for over 30 years in a wide variety of cancers with varying degrees of success. In particular, cisplatin has been used to treat late stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) as the standard of care. However, therapeutic outcomes vary from patient to patient. Considerable efforts have been invested to identify biomarkers that can be used to predict cisplatin sensitivity in NSCLC. Here we reviewed current evidence for cisplatin sensitivity biomarkers in NSCLC. We focused on several key pathways, including nucleotide excision repair, drug transport and metabolism. Both expression and germline DNA variation were evaluated in these key pathways. Current evidence suggests that cisplatin-based treatment could be improved by the use of these biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maimon C Rose
- Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | | | - R Stephanie Huang
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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Sullivan I, Salazar J, Majem M, Pallarés C, Del Río E, Páez D, Baiget M, Barnadas A. Pharmacogenetics of the DNA repair pathways in advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. Cancer Lett 2014; 353:160-6. [PMID: 25069034 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Genetic variants in DNA repair genes may play a role in the effectiveness of platinum-based chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We analyzed 17 SNPs in eight genes (ERCC1, ERCC2, ERCC3, ERCC4, ERCC5, XPA, XRCC1 and XRCC2) involved in DNA repair mechanisms and its association with outcome in NSCLC. This prospective study included patients with stages III and IV treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. All patients (n = 161) received cisplatin or carboplatin plus a third-generation drug. Additionally, stage IIIA and IIIB patients (n = 74) received concomitant or sequential radiotherapy. Germline polymorphisms were analyzed using the BioMark system in blood DNA samples. We found that in stage III patients, response was significantly associated with SNPs in ERCC1 and in ERCC3 genes, while radiotherapy-derived toxicity correlated with SNPs in the ERCC2 gene. In stage IV patients, response was associated with a genetic variant in the ERCC4 gene and survival with a SNP in the XRCC1 gene. The complexity of the DNA repair mechanisms along with the heterogeneity in the treatment of lung cancer could explain the role of multiple genes as putative biomarkers of patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Sullivan
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau., Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Spain
| | - Juliana Salazar
- Genetics Departments, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau., Spain; U-705 CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Margarita Majem
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau., Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cinta Pallarés
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau., Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Del Río
- Genetics Departments, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau., Spain; U-705 CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Páez
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau., Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Montserrat Baiget
- Genetics Departments, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau., Spain; U-705 CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Agustí Barnadas
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau., Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
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Azad AK, Qiu X, Boyd K, Kuang Q, Emami M, Perera N, Palepu P, Patel D, Chen Z, Cheng D, Feld R, Leighl NB, Shepherd FA, Tsao MS, Xu W, Liu G, Cuffe S. A genetic sequence variant (GSV) at susceptibility loci of 5p15.33 (TERT-CLPTM1L) is associated with survival outcome in locally advanced and metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Lung Cancer 2014; 84:289-94. [PMID: 24679952 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2014.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in North America. In addition to tobacco smoking, inherited genetic factors can also influence the development of lung cancer. These genetic factors may lead to biologically distinct subsets of cancers that have different outcomes. We evaluated whether genetic sequence variants (GSVs) associated with lung cancer risk are associated with overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in stage-III-IV non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. METHODS A total of 20 candidate GSVs in 12 genes previously reported to be associated with lung cancer risk were genotyped in 564 patients with stage-III or IV NSCLC. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for potential clinical prognostic factors were generated for OS and PFS. RESULTS After taking into account multiple comparisons, one GSV remained significant: rs4975616 on chromosome 5p15.33, located near the TERT-CLPTM1L gene. The adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) for OS was 0.75 (0.69-0.91), p = 0.002; for PFS aHR was 0.74 (0.62-0.89), p < 0.001 for each protective variant allele. Results were similar in both Stage III (OS: aHR = 0.70; PFS: aHR = 0.71) and Stage IV patients (OS: aHR = 0.81; PFS: aHR = 0.77). CONCLUSION A GSV on 5p15.33 is not only a risk factor for lung cancer but may also be associated with survival in patients with late stage NSCLC. If validated, GSVs may define subsets of patients with different risk and prognosis of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abul Kalam Azad
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Center/University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xin Qiu
- Department of Biostatistics, Princess Margaret Cancer Center/University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kevin Boyd
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Center/University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Qin Kuang
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Center/University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marjan Emami
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Center/University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicole Perera
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Center/University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Prakruthi Palepu
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Center/University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Devalben Patel
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Center/University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Center/University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dangxiao Cheng
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Center/University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ronald Feld
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Center/University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Natasha B Leighl
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Center/University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Frances A Shepherd
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Center/University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ming-Sound Tsao
- Department of Pathology, Princess Margaret Cancer Center/University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Biostatistics, Princess Margaret Cancer Center/University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Geoffrey Liu
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Center/University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Center/University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Sinead Cuffe
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Center/University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Lim JE, Park MS, Kim EY, Jung JY, Kang YA, Kim YS, Kim SK, Shim HS, Cho BC, Chang J. Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Type 1 (PAI-1) A15T Gene Polymorphism Is Associated with Prognosis in Patients with EGFR Mutation Positive Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul) 2013; 75:140-9. [PMID: 24265642 PMCID: PMC3833934 DOI: 10.4046/trd.2013.75.4.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1), an important regulator of plasminogen activator system which controls degradation of extracellular membrane and progression of tumor cells, and PAI-1 gene polymorphic variants have been known as the prognostic biomarkers of non-small cell lung cancer patients. Recently, experimental in vitro study revealed that transforming growth factor-β1 initiated PAI-1 transcription through epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway. However, there is little clinical evidence on the association between PAI-1 A15T gene polymorphism and prognosis of Korean population with pulmonary adenocarcinoma and the influence of activating mutation of EGFR kinase domain. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 171 patients who were diagnosed with pulmonary adenocarcinoma and undergone EGFR mutation analysis from 1995 through 2009. Results In all patients with pulmonary adenocarcinoma, there was no significant association between PAI-1 A15T polymorphic variants and prognosis for overall survival. However, further subgroup analysis showed that the group with AG/AA genotype had a shorter 3-year survival time than the group with GG genotype in patients with EGFR mutant-type pulmonary adenocarcinoma (mean survival time, 24.9 months vs. 32.5 months, respectively; p=0.015). In multivariate analysis of 3-year survival for patients with pulmonary adenocarcinoma harboring mutant-type EGFR, the AG/AA genotype carriers had poorer prognosis than the GG genotype carriers (hazard ratio, 7.729; 95% confidence interval, 1.414-42.250; p=0.018). Conclusion According to our study of Korean population with pulmonary adenocarcinoma, AG/AA genotype of PAI-1 A15T would be a significant predictor of poor short-term survival in patients with pulmonary adenocarcinoma harboring mutant-type EGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Eun Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hongik Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Tumor protein p53 (TP53) testing and Li-Fraumeni syndrome : current status of clinical applications and future directions. Mol Diagn Ther 2013; 17:31-47. [PMID: 23355100 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-013-0020-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Prevalent as an acquired abnormality in cancer, the role of tumor protein p53 (TP53) as a germline mutation continues to evolve. The clinical impact of a germline TP53 mutation is often dramatic and affects the full life course, with a propensity to develop rare tumors in childhood and multiple common cancers of unexpectedly early onset in adulthood. In this article, we review the clinical relevance of germline mutations in the TP53 tumor suppressor gene to current healthcare practice, including the optimal ways to identify patients with Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS), to recognize the core cancers associated with LFS, and to develop strategies for early detection of LFS-associated tumors. Several TP53-targeted approaches to improve outcomes in LFS patients are also reviewed. A case report is used to highlight special TP53 testing dilemmas and unique challenges associated with genetic testing decisions in the current age of rapidly advancing genomic technologies.
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Via M, Tcheurekdjian H, González Burchard E. Role of interactions in pharmacogenetic studies: leukotrienes in asthma. Pharmacogenomics 2013; 14:923-9. [PMID: 23746186 PMCID: PMC3852422 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.13.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Researchers have identified thousands of loci involved in complex traits and drug response. However, in most cases they only explain a small proportion of the heritability of the trait. Among different strategies conducted to identify this 'missing heritability', here we illustrate the importance of complex gene-environment interactions using findings regarding the role of leukotrienes on the bronchodilator response to albuterol in Latino asthmatics. Patients managing their asthma with leukotriene-modifying medication presented higher increases in the bronchodilator response to albuterol. Moreover, interactions between genes responsible for leukotriene production were associated with a decreased risk of asthma. Combining genetic and pharmacologic effects, leukotriene-modifying users carrying certain combinations of alleles presented higher improvements in lung function after bronchodilator administration. Genes and drugs act at different orders of interaction (from individual effects to gene-gene-drug-drug interactions) and population-specific effects have to be considered. These results may be extrapolated to other complex phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Via
- Department of Psychiatry & Clinical Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain.
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ERCC1/BRCA1 expression and gene polymorphisms as prognostic and predictive factors in advanced NSCLC treated with or without cisplatin. Br J Cancer 2013; 108:1695-703. [PMID: 23549037 PMCID: PMC3669730 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The FAST was a factorial trial in first-line treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), addressing the role of replacing cisplatin with a non-platinum agent. The prognostic and predictive effect of ERCC1/BRCA1 expression and ERCC1/XPD/XRCC1–3 gene polymorphisms on outcomes of patients was examined. Methods: Patients were randomised to receive treatment with or without cisplatin. ERCC1/BRCA1 expression was determined by immunohistochemistry. ERCC1 (C8092A, C118T), XPD (Lys751Gln), XRCC1 (Arg399Gln) and XRCC3 (Thr241Met) gene polymorphisms were evaluated on tumour DNA by TaqMan allelic discrimination assay. Results: Tumour samples were available from 110 of 433 patients enrolled: 54.7% were ERCC1 positive and 51.4% were BRCA1 positive. Overall, ERCC1-negative patients had better response rate (P=0.004), progression-free survival (P=0.023) and overall survival (P=0.012) compared with positive ones, with no statistically significant treatment interaction. The BRCA1-positive patients showed numerically better outcomes, although not statistically significant, with no treatment interaction. Among DNA repair gene polymorphisms, only XRCC1 Gln/Gln genotype evidenced a potential prognostic role (P=0.036). Conclusion: This study confirms the prognostic role of ERCC1 expression and XRCC1 (Arg399Gln) polymorphism in advanced NSCLC treated with first-line chemotherapy. None of these biomarkers was shown to be a specific predictive factor of cisplatin efficacy.
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The impact of pharmacogenetics on radiation therapy outcome in cancer patients. A focus on DNA damage response genes. Cancer Treat Rev 2012; 38:737-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2012.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2011] [Revised: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Genetic polymorphism of XRCC1 Arg399Gln is associated with survival in non-small-cell lung cancer patients treated with gemcitabine/platinum. J Thorac Oncol 2012; 7:973-81. [PMID: 22551904 DOI: 10.1097/jto.0b013e31824fe98c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Elevated DNA-repair capacity has been related to chemoresistance of platinum doublet chemotherapy in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We evaluated whether single nucleotide polymorphisms of DN- repair genes excision repair cross-complementing group 1 (ERCC1), ERCC2, x-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1), XRCC3, and RRM1 associate with treatment outcome in NSCLC patients receiving gemcitabine plus platinum as their first-line chemotherapy. METHODS Genotyping for eight polymorphisms in five DNA-repair genes was performed with the GenomeLab nucleotide polymorphismstream Genotyping System in 62 advanced NSCLC patients in a training set and 45 patients in a validation set treated with gemcitabine/platinum. RESULTS In the training set, the wild-type genotype of XRCC1 Arg399Gln (G/G) was associated with decreased median overall survival (OS) (22 months, 95% confidence interval [CI], 10-34 months versus not reached, log-rank test, p = 0.005) than those carrying variant genotypes (G/A+A/A). In addition, there was a statistically significant longer median OS in patients carrying wild-type ERCC2 Asp312Asn genotype (G/G) (51 months, 95% CI, 19-82 months versus 10 months, log-rank test, p < 0.001) than those carrying heterozygous variant genotypes (G/A). In the multivariate Cox model, we found a significant effect of XRCC1 Arg399Gln (G/A+A/A versus G/G, hazard ratio [HR] 0.290; 95%CI, 0.12-0.705, p = 0.006) and ERCC2 Asp312Asn (G/A versus G/G, HR 14.04; 95% CI, 2.253-87.513, p = 0.005) polymorphisms on patients' OS. In the validation set, only XRCC1 399 CONCLUSIONS Genetic polymorphism of XRCC1 Arg399Gln may be a candidate for contributing interindividual difference in the OS of gemcitabine/platinum-treated advanced NSCLC patients.
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Wu J, Liu J, Zhou Y, Ying J, Zou H, Guo S, Wang L, Zhao N, Hu J, Lu D, Jin L, Li Q, Wang JC. Predictive value of XRCC1 gene polymorphisms on platinum-based chemotherapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 18:3972-81. [PMID: 22705987 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-11-1531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Published data have shown conflicting results about the relationship between X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1) gene polymorphisms (Arg399Gln and Arg194Trp) and clinical outcome of platinum-based chemotherapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). A meta-analysis is needed to provide a systematic review of the published findings. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the predictive value of XRCC1 gene polymorphisms on clinical outcome up to October 1, 2010. The quality of each study was scored on the basis of predefined criteria. RESULTS A total of 13 eligible follow-up studies met all the inclusion criteria. The XRCC1194Trp allele was found to be significantly associated with a favorable response rate relative to 194Arg [Trp vs. Arg: OR, 1.88; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.48-2.38]. XRCC1399Gln was less favorably associated with both response rate (Gln vs. Arg: OR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.52-0.87) and overall survival (Gln vs. Arg: HR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.04-1.63) than 399Arg in analyses using all available studies; but these associations became insignificant when only high-quality studies were used. CONCLUSION These findings suggest a predictive role for XRCC1 gene polymorphisms in clinical outcome. However, the role of 399Gln could be considered controversial because its impact on clinical outcome was insignificant in high-quality studies. These findings show the importance of establishing suitable criteria, including genetic epidemiologic, phenotypic, and clinical criteria, to improve quality control of study design and methods in pharmacogenomic studies related to XRCC1 gene polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Wu
- National Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Changhai Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
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Davies JR, Randerson-Moor J, Kukalizch K, Harland M, Kumar R, Madhusudan S, Nagore E, Hansson J, Höiom V, Ghiorzo P, Gruis NA, Kanetsky PA, Wendt J, Pjanova D, Puig S, Saiag P, Schadendorf D, Soufir N, Okamoto I, Affleck P, García-Casado Z, Ogbah Z, Ozola A, Queirolo P, Sucker A, Barrett JH, van Doorn R, Bishop DT, Newton-Bishop J. Inherited variants in the MC1R gene and survival from cutaneous melanoma: a BioGenoMEL study. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2012; 25:384-94. [PMID: 22325793 PMCID: PMC3490389 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-148x.2012.00982.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Inherited MC1R variants modulate MITF transcription factor signaling, which in turn affects tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis, and DNA repair. The aim of this BioGenoMEL collaborative study in 10 melanoma cohorts was to test the hypothesis that inherited variants thereby moderate survival expectation. A survival analysis in the largest cohort (Leeds) was carried out adjusting for factors known to impact on survival. The results were then compared with data from nine smaller cohorts. The absence of any consensus MC1R alleles was associated with a significantly lower risk of death in the Leeds set (HR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.46–0.89) and overall in the 10 data sets (HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.65–0.94) with some support from the nine smaller data sets considered together (HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.67–1.04). The data are suggestive of a survival benefit for inherited MC1R variants in melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Davies
- Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
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Pharmacogenetic Analysis of BR.21, a Placebo-Controlled Randomized Phase III Clinical Trial of Erlotinib in Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2012; 7:316-22. [DOI: 10.1097/jto.0b013e31824166c1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Zienolddiny S, Skaug V. Single nucleotide polymorphisms as susceptibility, prognostic, and therapeutic markers of nonsmall cell lung cancer. LUNG CANCER (AUCKLAND, N.Z.) 2011; 3:1-14. [PMID: 28210120 PMCID: PMC5312489 DOI: 10.2147/lctt.s13256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is a major public health problem throughout the world. Among the most frequent cancer types (prostate, breast, colorectal, stomach, lung), lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Among the two major subtypes of small cell lung cancer and nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC), 85% of tumors belong to the NSCLC histological types. Small cell lung cancer is associated with the shortest survival time. Although tobacco smoking has been recognized as the major risk factor for lung cancer, there is a great interindividual and interethnic difference in risk of developing lung cancer given exposure to similar environmental and lifestyle factors. This may indicate that in addition to chemical and environmental factors, genetic variations in the genome may contribute to risk modification. A common type of genetic variation in the genome, known as single nucleotide polymorphism, has been found to be associated with susceptibility to lung cancer. Interestingly, many of these polymorphisms are found in the genes that regulate major pathways of carcinogen metabolism (cytochrome P450 genes), detoxification (glutathione S-transferases), adduct removal (DNA repair genes), cell growth/apoptosis (TP53/MDM2), the immune system (cytokines/chemokines), and membrane receptors (nicotinic acetylcholine and dopaminergic receptors). Some of these polymorphisms have been shown to alter the level of mRNA, and protein structure and function. In addition to being susceptibility markers, several of these polymorphisms are emerging to be important for response to chemotherapy/radiotherapy and survival of patients. Therefore, it is hypothesized that single nucleotide polymorphisms will be valuable genetic markers in individual-based prognosis and therapy in future. Here we will review some of the most important single nucleotide polymorphisms in the metabolic pathways that may modulate susceptibility, prognosis, and therapy in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanbeh Zienolddiny
- Section for Toxicology and Biological Work Environment, National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vidar Skaug
- Section for Toxicology and Biological Work Environment, National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
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Lin HY, Yang MC, Huang CH, Wu WJ, Yu TJ, Lung FW. Polymorphisms of TP53 are markers of bladder cancer vulnerability and prognosis. Urol Oncol 2011; 31:1231-41. [PMID: 22178231 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2011.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Revised: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We have reported previously that the TP53 codon72 polymorphism (rs1042522) is associated with the incidence and invasiveness of bladder cancer in a Han Chinese population. Using an enlarged sample, we investigated the role of rs1042522 and of tagSNPs that were predicted to be in linkage disequilibrium with codon72 in relation to the incidence, invasiveness, and prognosis of bladder cancer. METHODS AND MATERIALS A sample of 201 patients and 311 controls without cancer were genotyped for 5 tagSNPs using tetra-primer ARMS and/or an allele-specific PCR technique. RESULTS The genotyped data were analyzed using Haploview 4.2, and a 10,000-permutation test showed that the rs9895829G allele (P = 0.003) and the rs1788227C allele (P = 0.027) were both associated with the incidence of bladder cancer. With respect to haplotype associations, after the data were adjusted for age, the haplotypes GTT (P = 0.001) and GGTC (P < 0.001) were correlated with a low incidence of bladder cancer. In contrast, none of the TP53 haplotypes were associated significantly with high tumor grade or muscle invasiveness. On the basis of Cox regression analysis, haplotype CGCC and invasiveness were associated with cancer-related death. Structural equation modeling showed that haplotypes GGCC and CGCC played opposing roles with respect to bladder cancer-related death; haplotype GGCC was a protective factor, whereas haplotype CGCC was a risk factor. CONCLUSIONS The TP53 codon72 polymorphism appears to play a crucial role in determining the association between TP53 haplotype and the incidence and prognosis of bladder cancer. Further functional assays to confirm whether these TP53 haplotypic variants interact with the proteins N-Myc and NDRG is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Yu Lin
- Department of Urology, E-DA Hospital/I-SHOU University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Li W, Yue W, Yang X, Zhang C, Wang Y. [Relationship between the genetic polymorphisms of phase I and II drug-metabolizing enzymes, as well as the outcome of chemotherapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2011; 14:858-64. [PMID: 22104220 PMCID: PMC5999999 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2011.11.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
背景与目的 目前药物代谢酶遗传多态性与化疗疗效关系的研究结果多不一致,本研究旨在探讨细胞色素P4501A1(cytochrome P450 1A1, CYP1A1)、2E1(cytochrome P450 2E1, CYP2E1)、2D6(cytochrome P450 2D6, CYP2D6)和谷胱甘肽硫转移酶M1(glutathione S-transferase M1, GSTM1)基因多态性与晚期非小细胞肺癌化疗疗效以及与肺癌患者预后的关系。 方法 采用PCR和PCR-RFLP技术对肺癌患者4种药物代谢酶基因分型,并对他们进行5年跟踪随访。 结果 携带B型CYP1A1和缺陷性GSTM1肺癌患者比其它基因型患者化疗疗效好(P < 0.001)。携带A型CYP1A1肺癌患者接受非铂类化疗药物治疗比B型和C型患者疗效好(P=0.041); 携带缺陷性GSTM1肺癌患者接受铂类化疗药物治疗疗效比功能型患者疗效好(P=0.011)。4种酶对晚期非小细胞肺癌患者总生存期(overall survival, OS)没有明显影响(P > 0.05)。 结论 A型CYP1A1肺癌患者接受非铂类化疗药物治疗比B型和C型患者疗效好; 缺陷性GSTM1肺癌患者接受铂类化疗药物治疗比功能型患者疗效好。4种酶基因多态对晚期非小细胞肺癌患者OS影响没有明显统计学差异。
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiying Li
- Department of Cell Molecular Biology, Beijing Thoracic Tumour and Tuberculosis Research Institute, Beijing 101149, China.
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Polymorphisms in GSTM1, CYP1A1, CYP2E1, and CYP2D6 are associated with susceptibility and chemotherapy response in non-small-cell lung cancer patients. Lung 2011; 190:91-8. [PMID: 22109568 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-011-9338-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies of polymorphisms in CYP1A1, CYP2E1, CYP2D6, and GSTM1 and their relationship to lung cancer susceptibility and chemotherapy response have been reported, but the results are not consistent. In this study we selected four polymorphisms in these genes, several of which have previously been researched, and investigated their association with lung cancer susceptibility and chemotherapy response. METHODS We genotyped the four polymorphisms in a cohort composed of 217 non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and 198 controls. Of these, 145 advanced NSCLC patients underwent chemotherapy and were monitored for 5 years. RESULTS Significant differences in the GSTM1 polymorphism were observed between the case and control groups (P = 0.02). We observed a synergistic effect of smoking and GSTM1. Smokers with deficient-type GSTM1 had a 4.96-fold increased risk of developing lung cancer. Significant differences in GSTM1 and CYP1A1 polymorphisms were observed between the response and nonresponse groups (P = 0.004 and P = 0.026). Moreover, patients with deficient-type GSTM1 were superior responders to platinum drugs than those carrying wild-type GSTM1 (P = 0.014). In addition, patients carrying TT CYP1A1 responded better to nonplatinum drugs than those carrying TC and CC CYP1A1 (P = 0.01). Polymorphisms in the four enzymes had no effect on the overall survival of NSCLC patients. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the hypothesis that a polymorphism in GSTM1 is associated with lung cancer susceptibility. Furthermore, polymorphisms in GSTM1 and CYP1A1 were associated with chemotherapy response. In particular, smokers carrying deficient-type GSTM1 were at a higher risk of developing lung cancer. Patients carrying deficient-type GSTM1 responded better to platinum drugs, while those with TT CYP1A1 were better responders to nonplatinum drugs.
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Azad AK, Bairati I, Samson E, Cheng D, Mirshams M, Qiu X, Savas S, Waldron J, Wang C, Goldstein D, Xu W, Meyer F, Liu G. Validation of genetic sequence variants as prognostic factors in early-stage head and neck squamous cell cancer survival. Clin Cancer Res 2011; 18:196-206. [PMID: 22076708 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-11-1759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE From the published literature, we identified 23 germ line sequence variants in 17 genes from hypothesis-generating studies that were associated with prognosis of head and neck cancer, including sequence variants of DNA repair (ERCC1, ERCC4, ERCC5, MSH2, XPA, ERCC2, XRCC1, XRCC3), DNA methylation (DNMT3B), cell cycle and proliferation (CCND1, TP53), xenobiotic metabolism (GSTM1, GSTT1, CYP2D6), metastatic -potential (MMP3), immunologic (CTLA4), and growth factor pathways (FGFR4). The purpose of this study was to validate the role of these 23 sequence variants for overall (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in a large, comprehensive, well-annotated data set of patients with head and neck cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We genotyped these sequence variants in 531 patients with stage I and II radiation-treated head and neck cancer (originally recruited for an alpha-tocopherol/beta-carotene placebo-controlled secondary prevention study), and analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models, stratified by treatment arm, adjusting for clinical prognostic factors. RESULTS Two OS associations were statistically significant for each variant allele when compared with the wild-type: CTLA4: A49G [rs231775; adjusted HR (aHR), 1.32 (1.1-1.6); P = 0.01] and XRCC1: Arg339Gln [rs25487; aHR, 1.28 (1.05-1.57); P = 0.02]. Both of these sequence variants had significant results in the opposite direction as prior published literature. Two DFS associations were of borderline significance in the same direction as prior literature: ERCC2: Lys751Gln [rs13181; aHR, 0.80 (0.6-1.0); P = 0.05] and TP53: Arg72Pro [rs1042522; aHR, 1.28 (1.0-1.6); P = 0.03], comparing number of variant alleles with reference of zero variants. CONCLUSIONS None of the prognostic sequence variants previously published was validated for OS in our patients with early-stage radiation-treated head and neck cancer, though rs1381and rs1042522 had borderline significant association with DFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abul Kalam Azad
- Applied Molecular Oncology, Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Joerger M, Burgers SA, Baas P, Smit EF, Haitjema TJ, Bard MPL, Doodeman VD, Smits PHM, Vincent A, Huitema ADR, Beijnen JH, Schellens JHM. Germline polymorphisms in patients with advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer receiving first-line platinum-gemcitabine chemotherapy. Cancer 2011; 118:2466-75. [DOI: 10.1002/cncr.26562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2011] [Revised: 08/19/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Zhong S, Nukui T, Buch S, Diergaarde B, Weissfeld LA, Grandis J, Romkes M, Weissfeld JL. Effects of ERCC2 Lys751Gln (A35931C) and CCND1 (G870A) polymorphism on outcome of advanced-stage squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck are treatment dependent. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011; 20:2429-37. [PMID: 21890746 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-11-0520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Germline variation in DNA damage response may explain variable treatment outcomes in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). By grouping patients according to stage and radiation treatment, we compared SCCHN survival with regard to ERCC2 A35931C (Lys751Gln, rs13181) and CCND1 G870A (Pro241Pro, rs9344) genotypes. METHODS In a hospital-based SCCHN case series (all white, 24.7% female, mean age 58.4 years), this treatment-outcome cohort study genotyped 275 stage III-IV cases that were initially treated with radiation (with or without chemotherapy) and 80 stage III-IV and 130 stage I-II cases that were initially treated without radiation or chemotherapy and used Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses to compare genotype groups on the basis of overall, disease-specific, progression-free, and recurrence-free survival rates. RESULTS ERCC2 35931 AA predicted worse survival in stage III-IV cases treated with radiation [multiply-adjusted HR = 1.66, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.15-2.40; HR over the first 3 follow-up years = 1.92; 95% CI, 1.28-2.88] and better survival in stage III-IV cases not treated with radiation (HR = 0.26; 95% CI, 0.11-0.62). Although not associated with survival in stage III-IV cancers treated with radiation (HR = 1.00; 95% CI, 0.67-1.51), CCND1-870 GG predicted better survival in stage III-IV cancers not treated with radiation (HR = 0.14; 95% CI, 0.04-0.50). Survival in stage I-II did not depend on ERCC2 A35931C or CCND1 G870A genotype. CONCLUSIONS Although promoting tumor progression in untreated patients, germline differences in DNA-repair or cell-cycle control may improve treatment outcome in patients treated with DNA-damaging agents. IMPACT ERCC2 A35931C may help distinguish advanced stage SCCHN with better outcomes from radiation treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilong Zhong
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute with Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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