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Rath E, Haller D. Intestinal epithelial cell metabolism at the interface of microbial dysbiosis and tissue injury. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:595-604. [PMID: 35534699 PMCID: PMC9259489 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-022-00514-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium represents the most regenerative tissue in the human body, located in proximity to the dense and functionally diverse microbial milieu of the microbiome. Episodes of tissue injury and incomplete healing of the intestinal epithelium are a prerequisite for immune reactivation and account for recurrent, chronically progressing phenotypes of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Mitochondrial dysfunction and associated changes in intestinal epithelial functions are emerging concepts in the pathogenesis of IBD, suggesting impaired metabolic flexibility of epithelial cells affects the regenerative capacity of the intestinal tissue. Next to rendering the intestinal mucosa susceptible to inflammatory triggers, metabolic reprogramming of the epithelium is implicated in shaping adverse microbial environments. In this review, we introduce the concept of "metabolic injury" as a cell autonomous mechanism of tissue wounding in response to mitochondrial perturbation. Furthermore, we highlight epithelial metabolism as intersection of microbiome, immune cells and epithelial regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Rath
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Technical University of Munich, Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Dirk Haller
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Technical University of Munich, Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany ,grid.6936.a0000000123222966Technical University of Munich, ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
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2
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Barbara G, Barbaro MR, Fuschi D, Palombo M, Falangone F, Cremon C, Marasco G, Stanghellini V. Corrigendum: Inflammatory and Microbiota-Related Regulation of the Intestinal Epithelial Barrier. Front Nutr 2021; 8:790387. [PMID: 34790692 PMCID: PMC8591313 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.790387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Barbara
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Raffaella Barbaro
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniele Fuschi
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marta Palombo
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Falangone
- Medical-Surgical Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Cesare Cremon
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Marasco
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Stanghellini
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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3
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Barbara G, Barbaro MR, Fuschi D, Palombo M, Falangone F, Cremon C, Marasco G, Stanghellini V. Inflammatory and Microbiota-Related Regulation of the Intestinal Epithelial Barrier. Front Nutr 2021; 8:718356. [PMID: 34589512 PMCID: PMC8475765 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.718356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelial barrier (IEB) is one of the largest interfaces between the environment and the internal milieu of the body. It is essential to limit the passage of harmful antigens and microorganisms and, on the other side, to assure the absorption of nutrients and water. The maintenance of this delicate equilibrium is tightly regulated as it is essential for human homeostasis. Luminal solutes and ions can pass across the IEB via two main routes: the transcellular pathway or the paracellular pathway. Tight junctions (TJs) are a multi-protein complex responsible for the regulation of paracellular permeability. TJs control the passage of antigens through the IEB and have a key role in maintaining barrier integrity. Several factors, including cytokines, gut microbiota, and dietary components are known to regulate intestinal TJs. Gut microbiota participates in several human functions including the modulation of epithelial cells and immune system through the release of several metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Mediators released by immune cells can induce epithelial cell damage and TJs dysfunction. The subsequent disruption of the IEB allows the passage of antigens into the mucosa leading to further inflammation. Growing evidence indicates that dysbiosis, immune activation, and IEB dysfunction have a role in several diseases, including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and gluten-related conditions. Here we summarize the interplay between the IEB and gut microbiota and mucosal immune system and their involvement in IBS, IBD, and gluten-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Barbara
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Raffaella Barbaro
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniele Fuschi
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marta Palombo
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Falangone
- Medical-Surgical Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Cesare Cremon
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Marasco
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Stanghellini
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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4
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Caio G, Lungaro L, Caputo F, Zoli E, Giancola F, Chiarioni G, De Giorgio R, Zoli G. Nutritional Treatment in Crohn's Disease. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051628. [PMID: 34066229 PMCID: PMC8151495 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) which can affect any part of the whole gastrointestinal tract (from mouth to anus). Malnutrition affects 65-75% of CD patients, and it is now well acknowledged that diet is of paramount importance in the management of the disease. In this review, we would like to highlight the most recent findings in the field of nutrition for the treatment of CD. Our analysis will cover a wide range of topics, from the well-established diets to the new nutritional theories, along with the recent progress in emerging research fields, such as nutrigenomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Caio
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (L.L.); (F.C.); (E.Z.); (F.G.); (R.D.G.)
- Center for the Study and Treatment of Chronic Inflammatory Intestinal Diseases (IBD) and Gastroenterological Manifestations of Rare Diseases, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Center for the Study and Treatment of Alcohol-Related Diseases, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital-Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Correspondence: (G.C.); (G.Z.); Tel.: +39-0532-236823 (G.C.); +39-051-6838307 (G.Z.)
| | - Lisa Lungaro
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (L.L.); (F.C.); (E.Z.); (F.G.); (R.D.G.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Santissima Annunziata Hospital, Cento (Ferrara), University of Ferrara, 44042 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fabio Caputo
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (L.L.); (F.C.); (E.Z.); (F.G.); (R.D.G.)
- Center for the Study and Treatment of Chronic Inflammatory Intestinal Diseases (IBD) and Gastroenterological Manifestations of Rare Diseases, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Center for the Study and Treatment of Alcohol-Related Diseases, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Santissima Annunziata Hospital, Cento (Ferrara), University of Ferrara, 44042 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Eleonora Zoli
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (L.L.); (F.C.); (E.Z.); (F.G.); (R.D.G.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Santissima Annunziata Hospital, Cento (Ferrara), University of Ferrara, 44042 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fiorella Giancola
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (L.L.); (F.C.); (E.Z.); (F.G.); (R.D.G.)
| | - Giuseppe Chiarioni
- Division of Gastroenterology of the University of Verona, A.O.U.I. Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy;
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7080, USA
| | - Roberto De Giorgio
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (L.L.); (F.C.); (E.Z.); (F.G.); (R.D.G.)
- Center for the Study and Treatment of Chronic Inflammatory Intestinal Diseases (IBD) and Gastroenterological Manifestations of Rare Diseases, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Center for the Study and Treatment of Alcohol-Related Diseases, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giorgio Zoli
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (L.L.); (F.C.); (E.Z.); (F.G.); (R.D.G.)
- Center for the Study and Treatment of Chronic Inflammatory Intestinal Diseases (IBD) and Gastroenterological Manifestations of Rare Diseases, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Center for the Study and Treatment of Alcohol-Related Diseases, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Santissima Annunziata Hospital, Cento (Ferrara), University of Ferrara, 44042 Ferrara, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.C.); (G.Z.); Tel.: +39-0532-236823 (G.C.); +39-051-6838307 (G.Z.)
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Hurtado-Lorenzo A, Honig G, Heller C. Precision Nutrition Initiative: Toward Personalized Diet Recommendations for Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. CROHN'S & COLITIS 360 2020; 2:otaa087. [PMID: 36777761 PMCID: PMC9802167 DOI: 10.1093/crocol/otaa087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Hurtado-Lorenzo
- Research Department, Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation, New York, New York, USA,Address correspondence to: Andrés Hurtado-Lorenzo, PhD, Research Department, Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation, 733 3rd Avenue Suite 510, New York, NY 10017 ()
| | - Gerard Honig
- Research Department, Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation, New York, New York, USA
| | - Caren Heller
- Research Department, Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation, New York, New York, USA
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6
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Figueroa-Lozano S, de Vos P. Relationship Between Oligosaccharides and Glycoconjugates Content in Human Milk and the Development of the Gut Barrier. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2018; 18:121-139. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susana Figueroa-Lozano
- Immunoendocrinology, Div. of Medical Biology, Dept. of Pathology and Medical Biology; Univ. of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Paul de Vos
- Immunoendocrinology, Div. of Medical Biology, Dept. of Pathology and Medical Biology; Univ. of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
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7
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Short chain fatty acids ameliorate immune-mediated uveitis partially by altering migration of lymphocytes from the intestine. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11745. [PMID: 28924192 PMCID: PMC5603543 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12163-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Short chain fatty acids (SCFA) are metabolites of intestinal bacteria resulting from fermentation of dietary fiber. SCFA are protective in various animal models of inflammatory disease. We investigated the effects of exogenous administration of SFCAs, particularly propionate, on uveitis using an inducible model of experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU). Oral SCFA administration attenuated uveitis severity in a mouse strain-dependent manner through regulatory T cell induction among lymphocytes in the intestinal lamina propria (LPL) and cervical lymph nodes (CLN). SCFA also suppressed effector T cell induction in the CLN and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN). Alterations in intestinal morphology and gene expression demonstrated in the EAU model prior to the onset of uveitis were blunted by oral SCFA administration. Using a Kaede transgenic mouse, we demonstrated enhanced leukocyte trafficking between the intestine and the eye in EAU. Propionate suppressed T effector cell migration between the intestine and the spleen in EAU Kaede mice. In conclusion, our findings support exogenous administration of SCFAs as a potential treatment strategy for uveitis through the stabilization of subclinical intestinal alterations that occur in inflammatory diseases including uveitis, as well as prevention of trafficking of leukocytes between the gastrointestinal tract and extra-intestinal tissues.
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8
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Lee T, Clavel T, Smirnov K, Schmidt A, Lagkouvardos I, Walker A, Lucio M, Michalke B, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Fedorak R, Haller D. Oral versus intravenous iron replacement therapy distinctly alters the gut microbiota and metabolome in patients with IBD. Gut 2017; 66:863-871. [PMID: 26848182 PMCID: PMC5531225 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2015-309940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Iron deficiency is a common complication in patients with IBD and oral iron therapy is suggested to exacerbate IBD symptoms. We performed an open-labelled clinical trial to compare the effects of per oral (PO) versus intravenous (IV) iron replacement therapy (IRT). DESIGN The study population included patients with Crohn's disease (CD; N=31), UC (N=22) and control subjects with iron deficiency (non-inflamed, NI=19). After randomisation, participants received iron sulfate (PO) or iron sucrose (IV) over 3 months. Clinical parameters, faecal bacterial communities and metabolomes were assessed before and after intervention. RESULTS Both PO and IV treatments ameliorated iron deficiency, but higher ferritin levels were observed with IV. Changes in disease activity were independent of iron treatment types. Faecal samples in IBD were characterised by marked interindividual differences, lower phylotype richness and proportions of Clostridiales. Metabolite analysis also showed separation of both UC and CD from control anaemic participants. Major shifts in bacterial diversity occurred in approximately half of all participants after IRT, but patients with CD were most susceptible. Despite individual-specific changes in phylotypes due to IRT, PO treatment was associated with decreased abundances of operational taxonomic units assigned to the species Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Ruminococcus bromii, Dorea sp. and Collinsella aerofaciens. Clear IV-specific and PO-specific fingerprints were evident at the level of metabolomes, with changes affecting cholesterol-derived host substrates. CONCLUSIONS Shifts in gut bacterial diversity and composition associated with iron treatment are pronounced in IBD participants. Despite similar clinical outcome, oral administration differentially affects bacterial phylotypes and faecal metabolites compared with IV therapy. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER clinicaltrial.gov (NCT01067547).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada,Department of Gastroenterology, Wollongong Hospital, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Thomas Clavel
- ZIEL Institute for Food and Health, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Kirill Smirnov
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Annemarie Schmidt
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Ilias Lagkouvardos
- ZIEL Institute for Food and Health, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Alesia Walker
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marianna Lucio
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Michalke
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin
- ZIEL Institute for Food and Health, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany,Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Richard Fedorak
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Dirk Haller
- ZIEL Institute for Food and Health, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany,Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
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10
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Cernada M, Bäuerl C, Serna E, Collado MC, Martínez GP, Vento M. Sepsis in preterm infants causes alterations in mucosal gene expression and microbiota profiles compared to non-septic twins. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25497. [PMID: 27180802 PMCID: PMC4867619 DOI: 10.1038/srep25497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening condition in preterm infants. Neonatal microbiota plays a pivotal role in the immune system maturation. Changes in gut microbiota have been associated to inflammatory disorders; however, a link with sepsis in the neonatal period has not yet been established. We aimed to analyze gut microbiota and mucosal gene expression using non-invasively obtained samples to provide with an integrative perspective of host-microbe interactions in neonatal sepsis. For this purpose, a prospective observational case-control study was conducted in septic preterm dizygotic twins and their non-septic twin controls. Fecal samples were used for both microbiota analysis and host genome-wide expression using exfoliated intestinal cells. Gene expression of exfoliated intestinal cells in septic preterm showed an induction of inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways in the gut and pro-oxidant profile that caused dysbiosis in the gut microbiota with predominance of Enterobacteria and reduction of Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium spp.in fecal samples, leading to a global reduction of beneficial anaerobic bacteria. Sepsis in preterm infants induced low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress in the gut mucosa, and also changes in the gut microbiota. This study highlights the role of inflammation and oxidative stress in neonatal sepsis on gut microbial profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Cernada
- Health Research Institute (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria) Hospital La Fe, Av. Fernando Abril Martorell 106; 46026 Valencia, Spain.,Division of Neonatology. University &Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell 106; 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Christine Bäuerl
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Department of Biotechnology. Av. Agustin Escardino 7, 46980 Valencia, Spain
| | - Eva Serna
- Central Research Unit-INCLIVA, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria Carmen Collado
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Department of Biotechnology. Av. Agustin Escardino 7, 46980 Valencia, Spain
| | - Gaspar Pérez Martínez
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Department of Biotechnology. Av. Agustin Escardino 7, 46980 Valencia, Spain
| | - Máximo Vento
- Health Research Institute (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria) Hospital La Fe, Av. Fernando Abril Martorell 106; 46026 Valencia, Spain.,Central Research Unit-INCLIVA, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Spain.,Spanish Maternal and Child Health and Development Network Retics Red SAMID, Health Research Institute Carlos III, Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Sinesio Delgado 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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11
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Intestinal barrier dysfunction: implications for chronic inflammatory conditions of the bowel. Nutr Res Rev 2016; 29:40-59. [DOI: 10.1017/s0954422416000019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe intestinal epithelium of adult humans acts as a differentially permeable barrier that separates the potentially harmful contents of the lumen from the underlying tissues. Any dysfunction of this boundary layer that disturbs the homeostatic equilibrium between the internal and external environments may initiate and sustain a biochemical cascade that results in inflammation of the intestine. Key to such dysfunction are genetic, microbial and other environmental factors that, singularly or in combination, result in chronic inflammation that is symptomatic of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The aim of the present review is to assess the scientific evidence to support the hypothesis that defective transepithelial transport mechanisms and the heightened absorption of intact antigenic proinflammatory oligopeptides are important contributing factors in the pathogenesis of IBD.
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12
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Diet is an emerging but poorly defined disease modulator in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Dietary factors exert direct effects on epithelial and immune cells and indirectly modulate immune homeostasis by shaping the intestinal microbiota. RECENT FINDINGS The increase in IBD prevalence in industrialized countries is associated with lifestyle changes including diets rich in energy, saturated fats, meat and sugar. Despite the fact that the intestinal ecosystem shows high stability and resilience to short-term perturbations, long-term dietary habits have profound effects on composition and function eventually leading to dysbiosis, that is changes in microbial composition associated with deleterious effects to the host. High-throughput sequencing data generated deeper insights of the intestinal ecosystems related to health and disease. However, the available cohort-studies establish associative relationships between microbiota changes and disease, rather than causality. New mouse models of intestinal inflammation and the possibility to transfer disease-associated microbial consortia state an essential tool to unravel the potential of diet-induced microbial shifts. SUMMARY This review will discuss new insights of how nutrition or single dietary factors shape the intestinal ecosystem. Furthermore, we want to provide perspectives for clinical translation of this knowledge to treat or prevent IBD.
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13
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The effect of turmeric (Curcuma longa) extract on the functionality of the solute carrier protein 22 A4 (SLC22A4) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) variants associated with inflammatory bowel disease. Nutrients 2014; 6:4178-90. [PMID: 25314644 PMCID: PMC4210912 DOI: 10.3390/nu6104178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic relapsing disease. Genetic predisposition to the disease reduces an individual's capacity to respond appropriately to environmental challenges in the intestine leading to inappropriate inflammation. IBD patients often modify their diet to mitigate or reduce the severity of inflammation. Turmeric (Curcuma longa L., Zingiberaceae) has historically been used in Chinese, Hindu, and Ayurvedic medicine over several centuries to treat inflammatory disorders. To understand how turmeric may influence the consequences of a genetic predisposition to inappropriate inflammation, we used HEK293 cells to examine the in vitro capacity of turmeric extract and fractions to affect the functionality of two gene variants, solute carrier protein 22 A4 (SLC22A4, rs1050152) and interleukin-10 (IL-10, rs1800896) associated with IBD. We found that a turmeric extract and several chromatographically separated fractions beneficially affected the variants of SLC22A4 and IL-10 associated with IBD, by reducing inappropriate epithelial cell transport (SLC22A4, 503F) and increasing anti-inflammatory cytokine gene promoter activity (IL-10, -1082A). The effect of turmeric on the IL-10 variant was strongly associated with the curcumin content of the extract and its fractions.
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14
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Vaiopoulou A, Karamanolis G, Psaltopoulou T, Karatzias G, Gazouli M. Molecular basis of the irritable bowel syndrome. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:376-83. [PMID: 24574707 PMCID: PMC3923013 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i2.376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional disorder characterized by abdominal pain, discomfort and bloating. The pathophysiology of IBS is poorly understood, but the presence of psychosocial basis is now known. There is an increasing number of publications supporting the role of genetics in IBS. Most of the variations are found in genes associated with the brain-gut axis, revealing the strong correlation of brain-gut axis and IBS. miRNAs, which play critical roles in physiological processes, are not well studied in IBS. However, so far there is found an involvement of alterations in miRNA expression or sequence, in IBS symptoms. IBS phenotype is affected by epigenetic alteration and environment. Changes in DNA and histone methylation are observed in patients who suffered childhood trauma or abuse, resulting in altered gene expression, such as the glucocorticoid receptor gene. Finally, diet is another factor associated with IBS, which may contribute to symptom onset. Certain foods may affect on bacterial metabolism and epigenetic modifications, predisposing to IBS.
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15
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Fenton JI, Hord NG, Ghosh S, Gurzell EA. Immunomodulation by dietary long chain omega-3 fatty acids and the potential for adverse health outcomes. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2013; 89:379-90. [PMID: 24183073 PMCID: PMC3912985 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2013.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Recommendations to consume fish for prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD), along with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved generally recognized as safe (GRAS) status for long chain omega-3 fatty acids, may have had the unanticipated consequence of encouraging long-chain omega-3 (ω-3) fatty acid [(eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)] supplementation and fortification practices. While there is evidence supporting a protective role for EPA/DHA supplementation in reducing sudden cardiac events, the safety and efficacy of supplementation with LCω-3PUFA in the context of other disease outcomes is unclear. Recent studies of bacterial, viral, and fungal infections in animal models of infectious disease demonstrate that LCω-3PUFA intake dampens immunity and alters pathogen clearance and can result in reduced survival. The same physiological properties of EPA/DHA that are responsible for the amelioration of inflammation associated with chronic cardiovascular pathology or autoimmune states, may impair pathogen clearance during acute infections by decreasing host resistance or interfere with tumor surveillance resulting in adverse health outcomes. Recent observations that high serum LCω-3PUFA levels are associated with higher risk of prostate cancer and atrial fibrillation raise concern for adverse outcomes. Given the widespread use of supplements and fortification of common food items with LCω-3PUFA, this review focuses on the immunomodulatory effects of the dietary LCω-3PUFAs, EPA and DHA, the mechanistic basis for potential negative health outcomes, and calls for biomarker development and validation as rational first steps towards setting recommended dietary intake levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenifer I Fenton
- Department of Food Science and Human, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States; College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States.
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Dasgupta S, Kasper DL. Relevance of commensal microbiota in the treatment and prevention of inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2013; 19:2478-89. [PMID: 23846489 DOI: 10.1097/mib.0b013e318297d884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Commensal microbiota that reside primarily in the gut of mammals influence the hosts' health to a great extent. Shaping of host immunity locally, a vital component of this influence, can have pro-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory, or neutral outcomes, presumably depending on the composition of the microbiota in an individual and type of molecules expressed in the individual members of the microbiota. Thus, these microbial species can be thought of as a reservoir of molecules that can be used to improve or worsen the condition of patients suffering from immunity or inflammation-driven pathologies like inflammatory bowel disease. In the current review, we elaborate, based on the literature available from murine models of disease and clinical case studies, the need to identify individual members of commensal microbiota that can precipitate or resolve inflammatory bowel disease. Therapeutic approaches could entail enrichment of members of microbiota (or molecules from these microbes), which induces expansion or enhancement of function of regulatory T cells or tolerogenic dendritic cells and reduce members that cause inflammation either directly or indirectly by influencing metabolic and other host molecules. Efficiency of bacteria-driven therapy would potentially be enhanced as we refine our approaches from the use of complete feces as done in fecal transplantation to utilization of microbiota-derived molecules as exemplified by the capsular polysaccharide A from the human gut commensal Bacteroides fragilis. We also highlight the advantages and disadvantages of each approach, defining a natural alternative to the current chemical-based immunosuppressive regimen for patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suryasarathi Dasgupta
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Bodammer P, Kerkhoff C, Maletzki C, Lamprecht G. Bovine colostrum increases pore-forming claudin-2 protein expression but paradoxically not ion permeability possibly by a change of the intestinal cytokine milieu. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64210. [PMID: 23717570 PMCID: PMC3662709 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
An impaired intestinal barrier function is involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Several nutritional factors are supposed to be effective in IBD treatment but scientific data about the effects on the intestinal integrity remain scarce. Bovine colostrum was shown to exert beneficial effects in DSS-induced murine colitis, and the present study was undertaken to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. Western blot revealed increased claudin-2 expression in the distal ileum of healthy mice after feeding with colostrum for 14 days, whereas other tight junction proteins (claudin-3, 4, 10, 15) remained unchanged. The colostrum-induced claudin-2 induction was confirmed in differentiated Caco-2 cells after culture with colostrum for 48 h. Paradoxically, the elevation of claudin-2, which forms a cation-selective pore, was neither accompanied by increased ion permeability nor impaired barrier function. In an in situ perfusion model, 1 h exposure of the colonic mucosa to colostrum induced significantly increased mRNA levels of barrier-strengthening cytokine transforming growth factor-β, while interleukine-2, interleukine-6, interleukine-10, interleukine-13, and tumor-necrosis factor-α remained unchanged. Thus, modulation of the intestinal transforming growth factor-β expression might have compensated the claudin-2 increase and contributed to the observed barrier strengthening effects of colostrum in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peggy Bodammer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Department of Immunology, Project group Extracorporal Immunomodulation, Rostock, Germany.
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