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Zhang M, Sun M, Zhang P, Wang H, Zhang X, Zhang W. The Influences of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Haemophilus parainfluenzae Infection in Children, Henan, China, 2016-2021. Indian J Microbiol 2024; 64:260-263. [PMID: 38468741 PMCID: PMC10924822 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-023-01165-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mengxin Zhang
- Health Commission of Henan Province Key Laboratory for Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Pediatric Tumor, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450018 China
| | - Meng Sun
- Health Commission of Henan Province Key Laboratory for Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Pediatric Tumor, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450018 China
| | - Pin Zhang
- Health Commission of Henan Province Key Laboratory for Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Pediatric Tumor, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450018 China
| | - Huanmin Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Children’s Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450018 China
| | - Xianwei Zhang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Pediatric Disease, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450018 China
| | - Wancun Zhang
- Health Commission of Henan Province Key Laboratory for Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Pediatric Tumor, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450018 China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Pediatric Disease, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450018 China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Children’s Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450018 China
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2
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Balázs VL, Filep R, Répás F, Kerekes E, Szabó P, Kocsis B, Böszörményi A, Krisch J, Horváth G. Immortelle (Helichrysum italicum (Roth) G. Don) Essential Oil Showed Antibacterial and Biofilm Inhibitory Activity against Respiratory Tract Pathogens. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175518. [PMID: 36080283 PMCID: PMC9457731 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The biofilm formation of bacteria in different parts of the human body can influence the success of antibiotic therapy. Essential oils (EOs) and their components are becoming increasingly popular in point of view of medicinal applications, because of their antibacterial efficacy. The immortelle EO has been used traditionally as an expectorant; however, there are no studies summarizing its antibacterial effect against respiratory tract bacteria. Our aim was to investigate the antibacterial and biofilm inhibitory activity of immortelle (Helichrysum italicum) EO against respiratory tract pathogens such as Haemophilus influenzae, H. parainfluenzae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus pneumoniae. In order to prove the antibacterial effect of the immortelle EO, broth microdilution and biofilm inhibition tests, and membrane damage assay were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy was used to identify the structural modifications in bacterial cells. Our results showed that immortelle EO has antibacterial and anti-biofilm effects against respiratory tract bacteria used in this study. H. parainfluenzae was the most sensitive to each treatment, however, P. aeruginosa was the most resistant bacteria. In conclusion, the studied EO may have a role in the treatment of respiratory tract infections due to their antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktória L. Balázs
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Rita Filep
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Fanni Répás
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Erika Kerekes
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Szabó
- Institute of Geography and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Béla Kocsis
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Andrea Böszörményi
- Institute of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judit Krisch
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Szeged, 6724 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Györgyi Horváth
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Correspondence:
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3
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Hosmer J, Nasreen M, Dhouib R, Essilfie AT, Schirra HJ, Henningham A, Fantino E, Sly P, McEwan AG, Kappler U. Access to highly specialized growth substrates and production of epithelial immunomodulatory metabolites determine survival of Haemophilus influenzae in human airway epithelial cells. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010209. [PMID: 35085362 PMCID: PMC8794153 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Haemophilus influenzae (Hi) infections are associated with recurring acute exacerbations of chronic respiratory diseases in children and adults including otitis media, pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. Here, we show that persistence and recurrence of Hi infections are closely linked to Hi metabolic properties, where preferred growth substrates are aligned to the metabolome of human airway epithelial surfaces and include lactate, pentoses, and nucleosides, but not glucose that is typically used for studies of Hi growth in vitro. Enzymatic and physiological investigations revealed that utilization of lactate, the preferred Hi carbon source, required the LldD L-lactate dehydrogenase (conservation: 98.8% of strains), but not the two redox-balancing D-lactate dehydrogenases Dld and LdhA. Utilization of preferred substrates was directly linked to Hi infection and persistence. When unable to utilize L-lactate or forced to rely on salvaged guanine, Hi showed reduced extra- and intra-cellular persistence in a murine model of lung infection and in primary normal human nasal epithelia, with up to 3000-fold attenuation observed in competitive infections. In contrast, D-lactate dehydrogenase mutants only showed a very slight reduction compared to the wild-type strain. Interestingly, acetate, the major Hi metabolic end-product, had anti-inflammatory effects on cultured human tissue cells in the presence of live but not heat-killed Hi, suggesting that metabolic endproducts also influence HI-host interactions. Our work provides significant new insights into the critical role of metabolism for Hi persistence in contact with host cells and reveals for the first time the immunomodulatory potential of Hi metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Hosmer
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Marufa Nasreen
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Rabeb Dhouib
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
| | | | | | - Anna Henningham
- Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Australia
| | - Emmanuelle Fantino
- Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Australia
| | - Peter Sly
- Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Australia
| | - Alastair G. McEwan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Ulrike Kappler
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
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4
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Thofte O, Bettoni S, Su YC, Thegerström J, Jonsson S, Mattsson E, Sandblad L, Martí S, Garmendia J, Blom AM, Riesbeck K. Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae P5 Binds Human C4b-Binding Protein, Promoting Serum Resistance. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:1566-1577. [PMID: 34433620 PMCID: PMC8428749 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of P5 at the surface of NTHi positively correlates with C4BP binding. C4BP bound to the bacterial surface retains its complement inhibitory capacity. C4BP binding to P5 is important for NTHi serum resistance.
Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is a Gram-negative human pathogen that causes infections mainly in the upper and lower respiratory tract. The bacterium is associated with bronchitis and exacerbations in patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and frequently causes acute otitis media in preschool children. We have previously demonstrated that the binding of C4b binding protein (C4BP) is important for NTHi complement evasion. In this study, we identified outer membrane protein 5 (P5) of NTHi as a novel ligand of C4BP. Importantly, we observed significantly lower C4BP binding and decreased serum resistance in P5-deficient NTHi mutants. Surface expression of recombinant P5 on Escherichia coli conferred C4BP binding and consequently increased serum resistance. Moreover, P5 expression was positively correlated with C4BP binding in a series of clinical isolates. We revealed higher levels of P5 surface expression and consequently more C4BP binding in isolates from the lower respiratory tract of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients and tonsil specimens compared with isolates from the upper respiratory tract and the bloodstream (invasive strains). Our results highlight P5 as an important protein for protecting NTHi against complement-mediated killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Thofte
- Clinical Microbiology, Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Serena Bettoni
- Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Yu-Ching Su
- Clinical Microbiology, Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - John Thegerström
- Clinical Microbiology, Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Sandra Jonsson
- Clinical Microbiology, Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Emma Mattsson
- Clinical Microbiology, Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Linda Sandblad
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umea, Sweden
| | - Sara Martí
- Microbiology Department, Research Network for Respiratory Diseases, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; and
| | - Junkal Garmendia
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Gobierno de Navarra, Mutilva, Spain
| | - Anna M Blom
- Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Kristian Riesbeck
- Clinical Microbiology, Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden;
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5
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Watts SC, Judd LM, Carzino R, Ranganathan S, Holt KE. Genomic Diversity and Antimicrobial Resistance of Haemophilus Colonizing the Airways of Young Children with Cystic Fibrosis. mSystems 2021; 6:e0017821. [PMID: 34463568 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00178-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory infection during childhood is a key risk factor in early cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease progression. Haemophilus influenzae and Haemophilus parainfluenzae are routinely isolated from the lungs of children with CF; however, little is known about the frequency and characteristics of Haemophilus colonization in this context. Here, we describe the detection, antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and genome sequencing of H. influenzae and H. parainfluenzae isolated from airway samples of 147 participants aged ≤12 years enrolled in the Australian Respiratory Early Surveillance Team for Cystic Fibrosis (AREST CF) program, Melbourne, Australia. The frequency of colonization per visit was 4.6% for H. influenzae and 32.1% for H. parainfluenzae, 80.3% of participants had H. influenzae and/or H. parainfluenzae detected on at least one visit, and using genomic data, we estimate 15.6% of participants had persistent colonization with the same strain for at least two consecutive visits. Isolates were genetically diverse and AMR was common, with 52% of H. influenzae and 82% of H. parainfluenzae displaying resistance to at least one drug. The genetic basis for AMR could be identified in most cases; putative novel determinants include a new plasmid encoding blaTEM-1 (ampicillin resistance), a new inhibitor-resistant blaTEM allele (augmentin resistance), and previously unreported mutations in chromosomally carried genes (pbp3, ampicillin resistance; folA/folP, cotrimoxazole resistance; rpoB, rifampicin resistance). Acquired AMR genes were more common in H. parainfluenzae than H. influenzae (51% versus 21%, P = 0.0107) and were mostly associated with the ICEHin mobile element carrying blaTEM-1, resulting in more ampicillin resistance in H. parainfluenzae (73% versus 30%, P = 0.0004). Genomic data identified six potential instances of Haemophilus transmission between participants, of which three involved participants who shared clinic visit days. IMPORTANCE Cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease begins during infancy, and acute respiratory infections increase the risk of early disease development and progression. Microbes involved in advanced stages of CF are well characterized, but less is known about early respiratory colonizers. We report the population dynamics and genomic determinants of AMR in two early colonizer species, namely, Haemophilus influenzae and Haemophilus parainfluenzae, collected from a pediatric CF cohort. This investigation also reveals that H. parainfluenzae has a high frequency of AMR carried on mobile elements that may act as a potential reservoir for the emergence and spread of AMR to H. influenzae, which has greater clinical significance as a respiratory pathogen in children. This study provides insight into the evolution of AMR and the colonization of H. influenzae and H. parainfluenzae in a pediatric CF cohort, which will help inform future treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C Watts
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbournegrid.1008.9, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash Universitygrid.1002.3, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Louise M Judd
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash Universitygrid.1002.3, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rosemary Carzino
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarath Ranganathan
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbournegrid.1008.9, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kathryn E Holt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbournegrid.1008.9, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash Universitygrid.1002.3, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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6
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Nevejan L, Goegebuer T, Mast P, Lemmens A. Pyelonephritis and bacteremia caused by Haemophilus parainfluenzae: case-report of an unusual pathogen. Acta Clin Belg 2021; 76:152-154. [PMID: 31545159 DOI: 10.1080/17843286.2019.1671059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We present a case of a young man with known urinary tract abnormalities who developed pyelonephritis and bacteremia caused by Haemophilus parainfluenzae. Since routine urine culture usually does not include enriched media for Haemophilus spp., the true incidence of urinary tract infections caused by H. parainfluenzae is currently unknown. Our case, however, demonstrates that H. parainfluenzae is a potential urinary pathogen, at least in patients with urinary tract anomalies. Clinical laboratories should consider expanding their culture efforts to detect unusual pathogens in patients with underlying risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Nevejan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, AZ Sint-Maarten, Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Truus Goegebuer
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, AZ Sint-Maarten, Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Philippe Mast
- Department of Urology, AZ Sint-Maarten, Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Ann Lemmens
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, AZ Sint-Maarten, Mechelen, Belgium
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7
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Wu Y, Li J, Qiao M, Meng D, Meng Q, Qiao J, Zhang X, Wang L, Cai K, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Yu W, Cai X. Characteristic profiles of biofilm, enterotoxins and virulence of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from dairy cows in Xinjiang Province, China. J Vet Sci 2020; 20:e74. [PMID: 31775200 PMCID: PMC6883205 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2019.20.e74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
As an important zoonotic pathogen, Staphylococcus aureus has led to serious mastitis and endometritis in infected dairy cows. In this study, a total of 164 strains of S. aureus were isolated from dairy cows in Xinjiang Province, China, and subjected to assays to determine drug susceptibility and biofilm (BF) formation ability. Enterotoxin-related genes were detected, and the transcription levels of genes related to BF formation were determined by using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Moreover, the pathogenicity of isolates with different BF formation abilities was determined by measuring their hemolysis activity, half lethal dose (LD50) and organ bacterial load. The results showed that 86.0% of S. aureus isolates could form BF. Among them, 42.1% of the strains had weak BF formation ability, and most strains with a strong BF formation ability were ica gene carriers. The S. aureus isolates displayed multidrug resistance and their drug resistance was positively correlated with their BF formation ability. Moreover, 96.3% of the S. aureus isolates carried enterotoxin genes. Among them, the detection rates of the novel enterotoxin genes were higher than those of conventional enterotoxin genes. Furthermore, isolates with a strong BF formation ability had higher LD50 but lower hemolysis ability and organ bacterial load than those of the isolates with weak or no BF ability. However, isolates without BF ability produced more severe pathological changes than those of isolates with strong BF formation ability. These findings suggest that higher BF ability and presence of novel enterotoxin genes are important characteristics of S. aureus isolates from dairy cows in Xinjiang Province, China, and such isolates may pose potential threats to food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehui Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Mengfan Qiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China.,School of biotechnology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410012, China
| | - Dan Meng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Qingling Meng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Jun Qiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China.
| | - Xingxing Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Lixia Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Kuojun Cai
- Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, China
| | - Jinsheng Zhang
- Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Tacheng, Xinjiang 834700, China
| | - Zaichao Zhang
- Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Changji, Xinjiang 831100, China
| | - Weiwei Yu
- Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Korla, Xinjiang 841000, China
| | - Xuepeng Cai
- State Key Lab of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730046, China
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8
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Haemophilus influenzae and Haemophilus parainfluenzae occurrence in the ear effusion in pediatric patients prone to recurrent respiratory tract infections (RRTI) and with otitis media with effusion (OME). CURRENT ISSUES IN PHARMACY AND MEDICAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/cipms-2019-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction.
Haemophilus influenzae and Haemophilus parainfluenzae are known as human-restricted respiratory microbiota representatives. The aim of the present paper was to assay haemophili prevalence in middle ear effusion specimens in pediatric patients with otitis media with effusion (OME).
Methods. A total of 86 ear effusion specimens (from the left and right ear independently) were collected from 43 pediatric patients with OME. For comparison, 58 nasopharyngeal specimens were taken from 58 pediatric patients prone to recurrent respiratory tract infections (RRTI). Isolation and identification of haemophili biotypes and antimicrobial susceptibility was accomplished by standard microbiological methods. The cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) of isolates was assayed by the method of aggregation in ammonium sulfate (SAT).
Results. Haemophili were isolated in 25.6% (11/43) of all OME patients: in 5/43 (11.6%)– H. influenzae (biotypes II, III), in 5/43 (11.6%) – H. parainfluenzae, in 1/43 (2.3%) – both species were found. Haemophili-positive nasopharyngeal specimen was found in 27/58 (46.6%) RRTI patients: in 19/58 (32.8%) – H. influenzae, in 8/58 (13.8%) – H. parainfluenzae. About 90% of all haemophili isolates were characterised by extreme to strong CSH. Antimicrobial resistance occurred mainly among H. parainfluenzae (80%) and to a much lower percentage among H. influenzae (33.3%) isolates. The obtained data suggest that both H. influenzae and H. parainfluenzae can be involved in pathology of OME in pediatric patients. The high cell surface hydrophobicity can affect on the haemophili prevalence and ear colonization, and induces predisposition to the presence of these bacteria as a biofilm that serves as a virulence factor with great importance for the survival of these opportunistic bacteria and their persistence in the ear environment.
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Sierra Y, González-Díaz A, Tubau F, Imaz A, Cubero M, Càmara J, Ayats J, Martí S, Ardanuy C. Emergence of multidrug resistance among Haemophilus parainfluenzae from respiratory and urogenital samples in Barcelona, Spain. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 39:703-710. [PMID: 31828685 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-019-03774-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Haemophilus parainfluenzae (HPAR) is a Gram-negative bacterium that can become an opportunistic urogenital pathogen. Recently, multidrug resistant (MDR) strains have emerged. We aim to analyse the epidemiology of HPAR at Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge between 2013 and 2017 to determine its putative role in sexually transmitted infections (STI). Strains were classified by sample origin, and antimicrobial susceptibility was performed by disk-diffusion tested on Mueller-Hinton Fastidious. MDR was defined as the resistance of the antimicrobial to three or more antibiotic class. Molecular typing was performed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) after restriction with SmaI and Cfr9I. We classified 944 HPAR isolates as being of urogenital (n = 175; 18.5%), respiratory (n = 719; 76.2%), or other (n = 50; 5.3%) origins. Among the urogenital isolates, 50 (28.6%) were MDR, which was significantly higher than that found in respiratory samples (40/719; 5.6%; p < 0.01). The frequency of MDR increased progressively among urogenital samples from 13.3% (2013) to 33.3% (2017) (r = 0.8; p = 0.035). The resistance rates for all 944 episodes were significantly higher for cotrimoxazole (51.4%), tetracycline (46.3%), chloramphenicol (28.0%), ciprofloxacin (21.1%), and ampicillin (20.6%). After PFGE, no clonal relationship was found. Clinical charts were available for 40 symptomatic patients with MDR HPAR infections presenting mostly urethritis (n = 26; 65.0%). In all cases, symptoms were treated effectively with combination therapy. Furthermore, in 10 of those patients with urethritis, MDR HPAR was the only potential pathogen to be identified. The emergence of MDR HPAR is a matter of concern, and the detection as a single pathogen highlights its putative role as cause of STI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanik Sierra
- Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Feixa Llarga s/n, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aida González-Díaz
- Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Feixa Llarga s/n, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain.,Research Network for Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fe Tubau
- Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Feixa Llarga s/n, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain.,Research Network for Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Arkaitz Imaz
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Meritxell Cubero
- Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Feixa Llarga s/n, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain.,Research Network for Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Càmara
- Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Feixa Llarga s/n, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain.,Research Network for Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josefina Ayats
- Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Feixa Llarga s/n, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Martí
- Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Feixa Llarga s/n, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain. .,Research Network for Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carmen Ardanuy
- Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Feixa Llarga s/n, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain. .,Research Network for Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain. .,Deptartment of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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10
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Ralte Z, Naina P, Amladi A, John M, Anndan S, Varghese AM. Determination of Biofilm-Forming Capacity of Otopathogens Isolated from Discharging Ears in Children with Chronic Otitis Media. Indian J Med Microbiol 2019; 37:442-445. [PMID: 32003349 DOI: 10.4103/ijmm.ijmm_19_404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Chronic otitis media is a common disease of the developing world with persistent ear discharge, leading to major complications. This study describes the microorganisms isolated from the middle ear and nasopharynx of children with chronically discharging ears. Middle ear and nasopharyngeal swabs from 89 children were studied, and the microorganisms isolated were assessed for biofilm-forming ability. Methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus was common in the nasopharynx, while the middle ear showed predominantly pseudomonas and Methicillin-resistant S. aureus. Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed strong biofilm formation, whereas Escherichia coli, Proteus sp. and Providentia sp. were weak biofilm producers. S. aureus isolates were negative for biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoremsangi Ralte
- Department of ENT, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Naina
- Department of ENT, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anushree Amladi
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mary John
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shalini Anndan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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11
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Torretta S, Drago L, Marchisio P, Ibba T, Pignataro L. Role of Biofilms in Children with Chronic Adenoiditis and Middle Ear Disease. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8050671. [PMID: 31086039 PMCID: PMC6571864 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8050671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic adenoiditis occurs frequently in children, and it is complicated by the subsequent development of recurrent or chronic middle ear diseases, such as recurrent acute otitis media, persistent otitis media with effusion and chronic otitis media, which may predispose a child to long-term functional sequalae and auditory impairment. Children with chronic adenoidal disease who fail to respond to traditional antibiotic therapy are usually candidates for surgery under general anaesthesia. It has been suggested that the ineffectiveness of antibiotic therapy in children with chronic adenoiditis is partially related to nasopharyngeal bacterial biofilms, which play a role in the development of chronic nasopharyngeal inflammation due to chronic adenoiditis, which is possibly associated with chronic or recurrent middle ear disease. This paper reviews the current evidence concerning the involvement of bacterial biofilms in the development of chronic adenoiditis and related middle ear infections in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Torretta
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Policlinico of Milan, Via Francesco Sforza, 35, 20122 Milano, Italy.
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Drago
- Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology Laboratory, IRCCS Galeazzi Institute and LITA Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, 20161 Milano, Italy.
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Paola Marchisio
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Policlinico of Milan, Via Francesco Sforza, 35, 20122 Milano, Italy.
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Tullio Ibba
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Policlinico of Milan, Via Francesco Sforza, 35, 20122 Milano, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Pignataro
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Policlinico of Milan, Via Francesco Sforza, 35, 20122 Milano, Italy.
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy.
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12
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Thors V, Christensen H, Morales-Aza B, Oliver E, Sikora P, Vipond I, Muir P, Finn A. High-density Bacterial Nasal Carriage in Children Is Transient and Associated With Respiratory Viral Infections-Implications for Transmission Dynamics. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2019; 38:533-538. [PMID: 30985547 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000002256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This longitudinal study describes the associations between respiratory viral infections, rhinitis and the prevalence and density of the common nasopharyngeal bacterial colonizers, Streptococcus pneumoniae (Sp), Moraxella catarrhalis (Mc), Haemophilus influenzae (Hi) and Staphylococcus aureus. METHODS In an observational cohort study, 161 children attending day care centers in Bristol, United Kingdom, were recruited. Monthly nasopharyngeal swabs were taken and stored frozen in Skim-milk, tryptone, glucose and glycerin broth (STGG) broth. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used for detection of respiratory viruses and 4 bacterial species. t tests and logistic regression models were used for analysis. RESULTS The frequent colonisers, Sp, Mc and Hi were more frequently found at high density in contrast to Staphylococcus aureus although temporally, high-density carriage was short lived. Respiratory viral infections and symptoms of rhinitis were both independently and consistently associated with higher bacterial density with an observed 2-fold increase in density for Sp, Mc and Hi (P = 0.004-0.017). CONCLUSIONS For Sp and Hi, the association between young age and higher bacterial DNA density was explained by more frequent viral infection and increased nasal discharge, while the associations between some viral specie's and some bacterial species' density appear to be stronger than others. Increased colonization density and rhinitis may promote transmission of these commonly carried organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valtyr Thors
- From the School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Education Centre, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Children's Hospital, Landspitali University Hospital Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Begonia Morales-Aza
- From the School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Education Centre, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Oliver
- From the School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Education Centre, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Paulina Sikora
- From the School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Education Centre, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Vipond
- Public Health Laboratory Bristol, Public Health England, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Muir
- Public Health Laboratory Bristol, Public Health England, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Finn
- From the School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Education Centre, Bristol, United Kingdom
- School of Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol
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13
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Influence of Thiazolidine-2,4-Dione Derivatives with Azolidine or Thiosemicarbazone Moieties on Haemophilus spp. Planktonic or Biofilm-Forming Cells. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24061051. [PMID: 30884874 PMCID: PMC6471098 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24061051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilm, naturally formed by microorganisms as integrated surface-bound communities, is one of the reasons for the development of antimicrobial resistance. Haemophilus spp. are common and representative opportunistic Gram-negative rods forming from the upper respiratory tract microbiota. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the influence of thiazolidine-2,4-dionebased azolidine and chlorophenylthiosemicarbazone hybrids against both planktonic and biofilm-forming Haemophilus spp. cells. The in vitro activity against planktonic and biofilm-forming cells of the tested compounds were evaluated by using the broth microdilution method. These activities were detected against reference and clinical strains of Haemophilus spp. on the basis of MICs (minimal inhibitory concentrations) and MBICs (minimal biofilm inhibitory concentrations). In addition, anti-adhesive properties of these compounds were examined. The target compounds showed potential activity against planktonic cells with MIC = 62.5–500 mg/L and biofilm-forming cells with MBIC = 62.5–1000 mg/L. The observed anti-adhesive properties of the tested compounds were reversible during long-term incubation in a lower concentration of compounds.
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14
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Andrzejczuk S, Kosikowska U, Malm A, Chwiejczak E, Stepien-Pysniak D. Phenotypic diversity of Haemophilus influenzae and Haemophilus parainfluenzae isolates depending on origin and health condition. CURRENT ISSUES IN PHARMACY AND MEDICAL SCIENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/cipms-2017-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background. Haemophili are common human microbiota representatives. The aim of our study was to investigate a diversity of Haemophilus spp. isolates selected from clinical specimens on the basis of biochemical characteristics, biotypes distribution, protein profiles and antimicrobial resistance. Results. A total of 893/1025 (87%) of haemophili isolates were identified: 260/1025 (25%) as H. influenzae and 633/1025 (62%) as H. parainfluenzae. Moreover, a group of 107/1025 (10%) isolates without species identification (with e.g. abnormal numerical profile) was described as Haemophilus spp. Within the H. influenzae isolates, biotypes II and III were in a great majority (92/893; 10%, each), whereas among H. parainfluenzae, the most commonly occurring was biotype I and II (301/893, 34% and 178/893, 20%, respectively). A similar prevalence of biotypes was obtained regardless of the patient’s age or health condition or the type of specimen. A production of beta-lactamases was shown in 46/893 (5%) haemophili, both H. influenzae (13/46, 28%) and H. parainfluenzae (33/46, 72%) isolates. On the basis of haemophili biochemical characteristics, the cluster analysis using the UPGMA method demonstrated a high degree of phenotypic similarity due to a small distances between isolates taken from both unhealthy children and adults. Conclusion. Based on biochemical characteristics, about 90% of haemophili clinical isolates representing human-specific respiratory microbiota were positively identified as H. influenzae and H. parainfluenzae. The same differences in biotypes and antimicrobial resistance among isolates selected from healthy people or from patients with chronic and recurrent diseases were detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Andrzejczuk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology with Laboratory for Microbiological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, 20-093 Lublin , Poland
| | - Urszula Kosikowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology with Laboratory for Microbiological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, 20-093 Lublin , Poland
| | - Anna Malm
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology with Laboratory for Microbiological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, 20-093 Lublin , Poland
| | - Edyta Chwiejczak
- Students Scientific Association at the Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology with Laboratory for Microbiological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, 20-093 Lublin , Poland
| | - Dagmara Stepien-Pysniak
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Birds Diseases, Institute of Biological Basis of Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-950 Lublin , Poland
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15
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Cobo F, Jiménez G, Rodríguez-Granger J, Sampedro A, Aliaga-Martínez L, Navarro-Marí JM. Clinical and microbiological findings of septic arthritis caused by Haemophilus parainfluenzae. Med Mal Infect 2017; 47:526-531. [PMID: 28985900 DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To report a case of septic arthritis due to H. parainfluenzae and to review the clinical and microbiological characteristics of published case patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS Data was collected on age, sex, infection localization, underlying risk factors, symptom onset-diagnosis interval, analytical findings, microbiological diagnosis, treatment, outcome, and follow-up of the present patient (presenting with septic arthritis of the pubic symphysis due to H. parainfluenzae) and those identified in a literature analysis. RESULTS Data of 18 patients, including 17 reported case patients, was collected. Mean age at presentation was 51±9 years. Underlying diseases for septic arthritis were recorded in 11 patients. The infection site was the knee in eight patients, hip and/or acromioclavicular joint in five. Pain was observed in 15 patients and fever in 10; the mean symptom onset-diagnosis interval was 9.4 days. Diagnosis was obtained from synovial fluid aspirate in 12 patients and from blood cultures in four. Susceptibility of H. parainfluenzae strains was reported in 12 cases. Eight patients were treated with cephalosporins and 10 with penicillins. A favorable outcome was observed in 13 patients. CONCLUSIONS Septic arthritis caused by H. parainfluenzae is a rare entity that requires a high level of suspicion before application of laboratory methods for rapid diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Cobo
- Department of microbiology, hospital Virgen de las Nieves, 2, Avda Fuerzas Armadas, 18014 Granada, Spain.
| | - G Jiménez
- Department of microbiology, hospital Virgen de las Nieves, 2, Avda Fuerzas Armadas, 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - J Rodríguez-Granger
- Department of microbiology, hospital Virgen de las Nieves, 2, Avda Fuerzas Armadas, 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - A Sampedro
- Department of microbiology, hospital Virgen de las Nieves, 2, Avda Fuerzas Armadas, 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - L Aliaga-Martínez
- Department of internal medicine, hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - J M Navarro-Marí
- Department of microbiology, hospital Virgen de las Nieves, 2, Avda Fuerzas Armadas, 18014 Granada, Spain
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16
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Haemophilus parainfluenzae Strain ATCC 33392 Forms Biofilms In Vitro and during Experimental Otitis Media Infections. Infect Immun 2017; 85:IAI.01070-16. [PMID: 28674033 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01070-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Haemophilus parainfluenzae is a nutritionally fastidious, Gram-negative bacterium with an oropharyngeal/nasopharyngeal carriage niche that is associated with a range of opportunistic infections, including infectious endocarditis and otitis media (OM). These infections are often chronic/recurrent in nature and typically involve bacterial persistence within biofilm communities that are highly resistant to host clearance. This study addresses the primary hypothesis that H. parainfluenzae forms biofilm communities that are important determinants of persistence in vivo The results from in vitro biofilm studies confirmed that H. parainfluenzae formed biofilm communities within which the polymeric matrix was mainly composed of extracellular DNA and proteins. Using a chinchilla OM infection model, we demonstrated that H. parainfluenzae formed surface-associated biofilm communities containing bacterial and host components that included neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) structures and that the bacteria mainly persisted in these biofilm communities. We also used this model to examine the possible interaction between H. parainfluenzae and its close relative Haemophilus influenzae, which is also commonly carried within the same host environments and can cause OM. The results showed that coinfection with H. influenzae promoted clearance of H. parainfluenzae from biofilm communities during OM infection. The underlying mechanisms for bacterial persistence and biofilm formation by H. parainfluenzae and knowledge about the survival defects of H. parainfluenzae during coinfection with H. influenzae are topics for future work.
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17
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Adenoid bacterial colonization in a paediatric population. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2017; 274:1933-1938. [PMID: 28213779 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-017-4493-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Adenoids play a key role in both respiratory and ear infection in children. It has also been shown that adenoidectomy improves these symptoms in this population. The main goal of the present study was to evaluate adenoid bacterial colonization and document a possible relation with infectious respiratory disease. A prospective observational study was designed to evaluate the proposed hypothesis in a paediatric population submitted to adenoidectomy by either infectious or non-infectious indications and compare these two cohorts. A total of 62 patients with ages ranging from 1 to 12 years old were enrolled in the study. Adenoid surface, adenoid core and middle meatus microbiota were compared. A close association between adenoid colonization and nasal infection was found, supporting that adenoids may function as bacterial reservoir for upper airway infection. The obtained results also contribute to explain the success of adenoidectomy in patients with infectious indications.
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18
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Licker M, Moldovan R, Hogea E, Muntean D, Horhat F, Baditoiu L, Rogobete AF, Tîrziu E, Zambori C. Microbial biofilm in human health - an updated theoretical and practical insight. REV ROMANA MED LAB 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/rrlm-2017-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The term biofilm designates an aggregate of microorganisms belonging to one or more species which adhere to various surfaces but also to each another. These microbial communities are included and interconnected within an organic structure known as slime, composed of protein substances, polysaccharides, and DNA.
The Center for Disease prevention and control considers infections with bacteria in biofilms among the 7 most important challenges which must be overcome in order to improve the safety of health services. The risk of microbial biofilm development exists for a long list of medical devices and equipment, as well as in certain diseases such as cystic fibrosis. An aggravating aspect is represented by the almost 1,000 times higher antimicrobial resistance of bacteria growing and multiplying within biofilms. Thus, in case of biofilm-infected medical devices, the resistance to antimicrobial treatments requires the removal of the device which essentially means the failure of the exploratory or therapeutic intervention in question.
The role of microbial biofilms in medical pathology is a subject that raises interest for both researchers and clinicians in order to establish new methods for prevention and treatment of biofilms. This paper is intended as an overview in the management of microbial biofilms, presenting future insights, with technological progress in microscopy, molecular genetics, and genome analysis. Therefore the present paper will focus on describing the mechanisms involved in biofilm development, biofilm related infections, methods of detection and quantification of microbial communities and therapeutical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Licker
- „Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Romania
- „Pius Branzeu” Emergency, Clinical, County Hospital Timișoara, Romania
| | - Roxana Moldovan
- „Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Romania
| | - Elena Hogea
- „Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Romania
- „Victor Babeș” Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital Timișoara, Romania
| | - Delia Muntean
- Department of Microbiology, „Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Romania
| | - Florin Horhat
- „Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Romania
- „Pius Branzeu” Emergency, Clinical, County Hospital Timișoara, Romania
| | - Luminița Baditoiu
- „Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Romania
- Regional Centre of Public Health Timișoara, Romania
| | | | - Emil Tîrziu
- Banat’s University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, King Michael I of Romania, Timișoara, Romania
| | - Csilla Zambori
- „Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Romania
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Thors V, Morales-Aza B, Pidwill G, Vipond I, Muir P, Finn A. Population density profiles of nasopharyngeal carriage of 5 bacterial species in pre-school children measured using quantitative PCR offer potential insights into the dynamics of transmission. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016; 12:375-82. [PMID: 26367344 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1090069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial vaccines can reduce carriage rates. Colonization is usually a binary endpoint. Real time quantitative PCR (qPCR) can quantify bacterial DNA in mucosal samples over a wide range. Using culture and single-gene species-specific qPCRs for Streptococcus pneumoniae (lytA), Streptococcus pyogenes (ntpC), Moraxella catarrhalis (ompJ), Haemophilus influenzae (hdp) and Staphylococcus aureus (nuc) and standard curves against log-phase reference strain broth cultures we described frequency and peak density distributions of carriage in nasopharyngeal swabs from 161 healthy 2-4 y old children collected into STGG broth. In general, detection by qPCR and culture was consistent. Discordance mostly occurred at lower detection thresholds of both methods, although PCR assays for S. pyogenes and S. aureus were less sensitive. Density varied across 5-7 orders of magnitude for the 5 species with the abundant species skewed toward high values (modes: S. pneumoniae log3-4, M. catarrhalis & H. influenzae log4-5 CFU/ml broth). Wide ranges of bacterial DNA concentrations in healthy children carrying these bacteria could mean that different individuals at different times vary greatly in infectiousness. Understanding the host, microbial and environmental determinants of colonization density will permit more accurate prediction of vaccine effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valtyr Thors
- a University of Bristol; School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine ; Bristol , UK
| | - Begonia Morales-Aza
- a University of Bristol; School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine ; Bristol , UK
| | - Grace Pidwill
- a University of Bristol; School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine ; Bristol , UK
| | - Ian Vipond
- b Public Health Laboratory Bristol; Public Health England ; Bristol , UK
| | - Peter Muir
- b Public Health Laboratory Bristol; Public Health England ; Bristol , UK
| | - Adam Finn
- a University of Bristol; School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine ; Bristol , UK
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20
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Kosikowska U, Rybojad P, Stępień-Pyśniak D, Żbikowska A, Malm A. Changes in the prevalence and biofilm formation of Haemophilus influenzae and Haemophilus parainfluenzae from the respiratory microbiota of patients with sarcoidosis. BMC Infect Dis 2016; 16:449. [PMID: 27562460 PMCID: PMC5000413 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-016-1793-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthy condition and chronic diseases may be associated with microbiota composition and its properties. The prevalence of respiratory haemophili with respect to their phenotypes including the ability to biofilm formation in patients with sarcoidosis was assayed. METHODS Nasopharynx and sputum specimens were taken in 31 patients with sarcoidosis (average age 42.6 ± 13), and nasopharynx specimens were taken in 37 healthy people (average age 44.6 ± 11.6). Haemophili were identified by API-NH microtest and by the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) system. Biofilm was visualised by crystal violet staining and confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM). The statistical analysis was performed with Statgraphics Plus for Windows. RESULTS In total, 30/31 patients with sarcoidosis and 31/37 healthy people were colonized by Haemophilus influenzae (6/30 vs. 1/31) and Haemophilus parainfluenzae (28/30 vs. 31/31) in the nasopharynx. The overall number of nasopharyngeal haemophili isolates was 59 in patients with sarcoidosis and 67 in healthy volunteers (H. influenzae 6/59 vs. 1/67, P = 0.05; H. parainfluenzae 47/59 vs. 65/67, P = 0.0032). Moreover, the decreased number of H. parainfluenzae biofilm-producing isolates was shown in nasopharyngeal samples in patients with sarcoidosis as compared to healthy people (19/31 vs. 57/65, P = 0.006), especially with respect to isolates classified as strong and very strong biofilm-producers (8/31 vs. 39/65, P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS The obtained data suggest that the qualitative and quantitative changes within the respiratory microbiota concerning the overall prevalence of H. influenzae together with the decreased number of H. parainfluenzae strains and the decreased rate of H. parainfluenzae biofilm-producing isolates as compared to healthy people may be associated with sarcoidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Kosikowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology with Laboratory for Microbiological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki Str. 1, 20-093, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Paweł Rybojad
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Dagmara Stępień-Pyśniak
- Sub-Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Żbikowska
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Malm
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology with Laboratory for Microbiological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki Str. 1, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
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21
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Kosikowska U, Andrzejczuk S, Plech T, Malm A. Inhibitory effect of 1,2,4-triazole-ciprofloxacin hybrids on Haemophilus parainfluenzae and Haemophilus influenzae biofilm formation in vitro under stationary conditions. Res Microbiol 2016; 167:647-654. [PMID: 27292570 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Haemophilus parainfluenzae and Haemophilus influenzae, upper respiratory tract microbiota representatives, are able to colonize natural and artificial surfaces as biofilm. The aim of the present study was to assay the effect of ten 1,2,4-triazole-ciprofloxacin hybrids on planktonic or biofilm-forming haemophili cells in vitro under stationary conditions on the basis of MICs (minimal inhibitory concentrations) and MBICs (minimal biofilm inhibitory concentrations). In addition, anti-adhesive properties of these compounds were examined. The reference strains of H. parainfluenzae and H. influenzae were included. The broth microdilution microtiter plate (MTP) method with twofold dilution of the compounds, or ciprofloxacin (reference agent) in 96-well polystyrene microplates, was used. The optical density (OD) reading was made spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 570 nm (OD570) both to measure bacterial growth and to detect biofilm-forming cells under the same conditions with 0.1% crystal violet. The following values of parameters were estimated for 1,2,4-triazole-ciprofloxacin hybrids - MIC = 0.03-15.63 mg/L, MBIC = 0.03-15.63 mg/L, MBIC/MIC = 0.125-8, depending on the compound, and for ciprofloxacin - MIC = 0.03-0.06 mg/L, MBIC = 0.03-0.12 mg/L, MBIC/MIC = 1-2. The observed strong anti-adhesive properties (95-100% inhibition) of the tested compounds were reversible during long-term incubation at subinhibitory concentrations. Thus, 1,2,4-triazole-ciprofloxacin hybrids may be considered as starting compounds for designing improved agents not only against planktonic but also against biofilm-forming Haemophilus spp. cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Kosikowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology with Laboratory for Microbiological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki Str. 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Sylwia Andrzejczuk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology with Laboratory for Microbiological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki Str. 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Plech
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Anna Malm
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology with Laboratory for Microbiological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki Str. 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
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22
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Kosikowska U, Biernasiuk A, Korona-Głowniak I, Kiciak S, Tomasiewicz K, Malm A. The Association of Chronic Hepatitis C with Respiratory Microbiota Disturbance on the Basis of Decreased Haemophilus Spp. Colonization. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:625-32. [PMID: 26912163 PMCID: PMC4771098 DOI: 10.12659/msm.895544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Haemophilus species are the most common microbiota in humans. The aim of this paper was to investigate Haemophilus spp., mainly H. parainfluenzae prevalence, in the upper respiratory tract of chronic hepatitis C (CHC-positive) patients with or without therapy using pegylated interferon alfa and ribavirin. Material/Methods We collected 462 samples from 54 healthy people and 100 CHC-positive patients at various stages: before (group A), during (group B), and after (group C) antiviral therapy. Identification of bacterial isolates including biotypes and antimicrobials susceptibility was accomplished by means of standard microbiological methods. Results In 70.4% of healthy people (control group) and in 27.0% of CHC-positive patients, the presence of haemophili, mainly H. parainfluenzae was observed, and those differences were statistically significant (p<0.0001). Statistically significant differences in Haemophilus spp. colonization were also observed among healthy people and CHC-positive patients from group A (p=0.0012) and from B or C groups (p<0.0001). Resistance to ampicillin in beta-lactamase-positive isolates and multidrug resistance (MDR) of H. parainfluenzae was detected mainly in group A. Conclusions The obtained data suggest that chronic hepatitis C, together with antiviral therapy, may influence the respiratory tract microbiota composition as found using haemophili, mainly H. parainfluenzae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Kosikowska
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology with Laboratory for Microbiological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Biernasiuk
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology with Laboratory for Microbiological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Izabela Korona-Głowniak
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology with Laboratory for Microbiological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Sławomir Kiciak
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Anna Malm
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology with Laboratory for Microbiological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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