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Leite KME, Lima KO, Ximenes RADA, de Albuquerque MDFM, Miranda-Filho DDB, Godoi ETAM, Montarroyos UR, Lacerda HR. Survival and mortality profile among people living with HIV in a cohort in the Northeastern region of Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2024; 66:e23. [PMID: 38656039 PMCID: PMC11027485 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946202466023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Conditions related to the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) are still a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among people living with HIV (PLHIV). Longer survival in this population were reported to increase the risk of developing noncommunicable chronic diseases (NCDs). This study aimed to estimate the survival and causes of death according to age group and sex among PLHIV monitored at two referral centers in the Northeastern Brazil. This is a prospective, retrospective cohort with death records from 2007 to 2018, based on a database that registers causes of death using the International Classification of Disease (ICD-10), which were subsequently coded following the Coding Causes of Death in HIV (CoDe). A total of 2,359 PLHIV participated in the study, with 63.2% being men, with a follow-up period of 13.9 years. Annual mortality rate was 1.46 deaths per 100 PLHIV (95% CI: 1.33 - 1.60) with a frequency of 20.9%. Risk of death for men increased by 49% when compared to women, and the risk of death in PLHIV increased by 51% among those aged 50 years and over at the time of diagnosis. It was observed that 73.5% accounted for AIDS-related deaths, 6.9% for non-AIDS defining cancer, 6.3% for external causes, and 3.2% for cardiovascular diseases. Among the youngest, 97.2% presented an AIDS-related cause of death. Highest frequency of deaths from neoplasms was among women and from external causes among men. There is a need for health services to implement strategies ensuring greater adherence to treatment, especially among men and young people. Moreover, screening for chronic diseases and cancer is essential, including the establishment of easily accessible multidisciplinary care centers that can identify and address habits such as illicit drug use and alcoholism, which are associated with violent deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kledoaldo Oliveira Lima
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Hospital das Clínicas, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
- European Virus Bioinformatics Center, Jena, Germany
- Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira, Faculdade Pernambucana de Saúde, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Arraes de Alencar Ximenes
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Universidade de Pernambuco, Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Heloísa Ramos Lacerda
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Universidade de Pernambuco, Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Ninnoni JP, Nsatimba F, Agyemang SO, Commey IT, Bennin L, Agyare E, Gyimah L, Senya K, Baddoo NA, Obiri-Yeboah D. An exploratory qualitative study of the psychological effects of HIV diagnosis; the need for early involvement of mental health professionals to improve linkage to care. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2518. [PMID: 38102628 PMCID: PMC10724895 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17449-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diagnosing a life-threatening disease like the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can be unbearable to the individual, which has implications for their subsequent care-seeking decision-making. However, an essential element of HIV testing is identifying infected individuals and linking them with adequate care services, thus contributing to the UNAIDS 95-95-95 targets. The attainment of these targets has been particularly challenging for lower and middle-income countries (LMIC). This study explored the psychological reactions to a positive HIV status in a hospital treatment centre to provide insight into mental health interventions' role in improving HIV screening and early antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation to enhance the quality of life. METHODS An exploratory qualitative study was investigated among adults who were diagnosed as HIV positive. Participants were purposively recruited from an HIV Treatment Centre. Data were collected with semi-structured interviews that explored the interpretations and psychological reactions to their positive HIV status. Overall, 18 participants were interviewed to reach saturation. Data were transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically to produce findings that address the study's objective. RESULTS Following analysis of participants' interpretations, understanding and implications of their HIV-positive diagnosis, two major themes emerged: (1) anxiety regarding the impact of the disease on self, family and society was overwhelming. Participants were anxious because of the stigma, fear, worry, shock, and shame they faced. (2) Participants expressed hopelessness and could not see meaning or purpose in life. Suicidal ideation, suicide plans and self-harm characterised hopelessness. CONCLUSIONS The initial reaction to the diagnosis of HIV in this LMIC context has the potential to impact linkage to care negatively and, thus, the attainment of the global 95-95-95 targets. It is, therefore, essential that mental health and psychological support services are integrated with testing services to manage the initial reactions and support individuals to improve early linkage to care and thus improve overall outcomes for the infected individual and society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Paul Ninnoni
- Department of Mental Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
| | - Frederick Nsatimba
- Department of Mental Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Sampson Opoku Agyemang
- Department of Mental Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Isaac Tetteh Commey
- Department of Mental Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Lydia Bennin
- Department of Mental Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Elizabeth Agyare
- Public Health Unit, Cape Coast Teaching Hospital, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Leveana Gyimah
- Communicable and Non-Communicable Diseases cluster, World Health Organisation Country Office, Accra, Ghana
| | - Kafui Senya
- Communicable and Non-Communicable Diseases cluster, World Health Organisation Country Office, Accra, Ghana
| | - Nyonuku Akosua Baddoo
- National AIDS/STIs Control Programme, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Community Health, the University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | - Dorcas Obiri-Yeboah
- Public Health Unit, Cape Coast Teaching Hospital, Cape Coast, Ghana
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
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Candevir A, Kuscu F, Kurtaran B, Kömür S, İnal AS, Ertürk D, Taşova Y. Late Diagnosis in HIV with New and Old Definitions; Data from a Regional Hospital in Turkey. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:4227-4234. [PMID: 37745135 PMCID: PMC10516126 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s424561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Late presentation for HIV care, continues to be a challenge, leading to increased morbidity, mortality, and society costs. The study aimed to determine the rates of late diagnosis (LD) and patient characteristics in Turkey, utilizing the new definition excluding recently infected. Methods The study included patients admitted to the hospital between 1998 and 2023, with at least 1 year of follow-up. Patients without a CD4 count at their initial admission were excluded. Two definitions of presentation were used: LD, (CD4<350 cells/mL or AIDS-defining event) and advanced disease (AD), (CD4<200 cells/mL or AIDS-defining event). Individuals with recent evidence of infection were reclassified as "not late". Results Out of the 914 patients meeting the criteria and the analysis focused on 794 treatment-naïve patients, with 90.6% being male and an average age of 36.0 ± 12.0 years. Using the previous definition, 48.9% were diagnosed as late, while the new definition identified 47.2%. A total of 183 patients (23%) were diagnosed with AD, and 25.9% of the diagnoses occurred during the COVID-19 Pandemic. The rate of LD increased during the pandemic compared to before (55.8% vs 44.2%, p=0.005), as did the rate of AD (30.1% vs 20.6%, p=0.007). There was no significant relationship between gender and LD. Patients with LD were older (median ages were 31 vs 36 in groups, p<0.001), had poorer virological response, higher mortality rates (4.8% vs 1.2%, p=0.003), and shorter survival compared to those without (log rank=0.004). Conclusion HIV patients with LD have poorer prognosis with older age as well as disruption of health services during the pandemic as risk factors. To improve outcomes, multicenter studies should investigate missed opportunities and specific risk factors in our region, and we should screen at-risk populations, promote awareness among underdiagnosed populations, and advocate testing even in disastrous situations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ferit Kuscu
- Infectious Diseases, Çukurova University, Adana, Türkiye
| | | | - Süheyla Kömür
- Infectious Diseases, Çukurova University, Adana, Türkiye
| | - Ayşe Seza İnal
- Infectious Diseases, Çukurova University, Adana, Türkiye
| | - Damla Ertürk
- Infectious Diseases, Health Sciences University Izmir Tepecik Education and Research Hospital, İzmir, Türkiye
| | - Yeşim Taşova
- Infectious Diseases, Çukurova University, Adana, Türkiye
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Whitten C, Turner A, Howell B, Sparkes B, Ricciardelli R, Daley P. Retrospective review of rates of sexually transmitted and blood-borne infection (STBBI) testing in provincial corrections facilities in Newfoundland and Labrador. JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE CANADA = JOURNAL OFFICIEL DE L'ASSOCIATION POUR LA MICROBIOLOGIE MEDICALE ET L'INFECTIOLOGIE CANADA 2023; 8:141-149. [PMID: 38250290 PMCID: PMC10795699 DOI: 10.3138/jammi-2022-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Background Sexually transmitted and blood borne infection (STBBI) testing is recommended for people who are incarcerated (PWAI). We sought to determine the rate of STBBI testing during admissions to provincial correctional institutions in Newfoundland and Labrador (NL). Methods This retrospective cohort study collected the identification of all admissions records in provincial correctional facilities in NL between July 1, 2020 and June 31, 2021 using the Provincial Corrections Offender Maintenance System database. Admissions to provincial detention centers were excluded. Records were linked with STBBI results, when available, within the electronic medical record (Meditech) using demographics. Testing rates, STBBI positivity rates, and univariate analysis of predictors for STBBI testing were completed. Results Of the 1,824 admissions identified, 1,716 were available for linkage to laboratory results. Admissions to detention centers (n = 105) were excluded. Any STBBI test result was available for 72 (4.5%) of admissions. No admission had complete testing for all STBBI. Facility testing rates ranged from 1.9 to 11.2% and 37.5% of STBBI tests had any positive results. Sixteen out of the 21 (76.2%) hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody positives received HCV RNA testing, and 11/16 (88.8%) were HCV RNA positive. Institution (p = 0.001) and sex (p = 0.004) were found to be significant predictors of STBBI testing, while age was not significant (p = 0.496). Conclusions STBBI testing rates were low in provincial correctional facilities in NL, and STBBI prevalence, especially for HCV, was high among those tested. Strategies to increase the rate of testing could contribute to STBBI control in corrections facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Whitten
- Eastern Health, St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
- Memorial University, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Alison Turner
- Eastern Health, St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Brittany Howell
- Eastern Health, St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | | | - Rosemary Ricciardelli
- Memorial University, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Peter Daley
- Eastern Health, St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
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Toyos S, Berrocal L, González-Cordón A, Inciarte A, de la Mora L, Martínez-Rebollar M, Laguno M, Fernández E, Ambrosioni J, Chivite I, de Lazzari E, Blanco JL, Martínez E, Miró JM, Mallolas J, Torres B. Sex-based epidemiological and immunovirological characteristics of people living with HIV in current follow-up at a tertiary hospital: a comparative retrospective study, Catalonia, Spain, 1982 to 2020. Euro Surveill 2023; 28:2200317. [PMID: 36892474 PMCID: PMC9999459 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2023.28.10.2200317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundEpidemiological and immunovirological features of people living with HIV (PLWH) can vary by sex.AimTo investigate, particularly according to sex, characteristics of PLWH who consulted a tertiary hospital in Barcelona, Spain, in 1982-2020.MethodsPLWH, still in active follow-up in 2020 were retrospectively analysed by sex, age at diagnosis, age at data extraction (December 2020), birth place, CD4+ cell counts, and virological failure.ResultsIn total, 5,377 PLWH (comprising 828 women; 15%) were included. HIV diagnoses in women appeared to decrease from the 1990s, representing 7.4% (61/828) of new diagnoses in 2015-2020. From 1997, proportions of new HIV diagnoses from patients born in Latin America seemed to increase; moreover, for women born outside of Spain, the median age at diagnosis appeared to become younger than for those born in Spain, with significant differences observed in 2005-2009 and 2010-2014 (31 vs 39 years (p = 0.001), and 32 vs 42 years (p < 0.001) respectively), but not in 2015-2020 (35 vs 42 years; p = 0.254). Among women, proportions of late diagnoses (CD4+ cells/mm3 < 350) were higher than men (significantly in 2015-2020: 62% (32/52) vs 46% (300/656); p = 0.030). Initially, virological failure rates were higher in women than men, but they were similar in 2015-2020 (12% (6/52) vs 8% (55/659); p = 0.431). Women ≥ 50 years old represented 68% (564/828) of women actively followed up in 2020.ConclusionsWomen still have higher rates of late HIV diagnoses than men. Among currently-followed-up women, ≥ 50 year-olds, who need age-adapted care represent a high percentage. Stratifying PLWH by sex matters for HIV prevention and control interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Toyos
- Hospital Verge de la Cinta, Tortosa, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leire Berrocal
- HIV Unit, Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana González-Cordón
- HIV Unit, Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alexy Inciarte
- HIV Unit, Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lorena de la Mora
- HIV Unit, Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Martínez-Rebollar
- HIV Unit, Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Laguno
- HIV Unit, Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emma Fernández
- HIV Unit, Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Ambrosioni
- HIV Unit, Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Iván Chivite
- HIV Unit, Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisa de Lazzari
- HIV Unit, Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Luis Blanco
- HIV Unit, Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esteban Martínez
- HIV Unit, Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Miró
- HIV Unit, Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Mallolas
- HIV Unit, Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Berta Torres
- HIV Unit, Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Bakewell N, Kanitkar T, Dissanayake O, Symonds M, Rimmer S, Adlakha A, Lipman MC, Bhagani S, Agarwal B, Miller RF, Sabin CA. Estimating the risk of mortality attributable to recent late HIV diagnosis following admission to the intensive care unit: A single-centre observational cohort study. HIV Med 2022; 23:1163-1172. [PMID: 36404292 PMCID: PMC10099479 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.13436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite improvements in survival of people with HIV admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), late diagnosis continues to contribute to in-ICU mortality. We quantify the population attributable fraction (PAF) of in-ICU mortality for recent late diagnosis among people with HIV admitted to a London ICU. METHODS Index ICU admissions among people with HIV were considered from 2000 to 2019. Recent late diagnosis was a CD4 T-cell count < 350 cells/μL and/or AIDS-defining illness at/within 6 months prior to ICU admission. Univariate comparisons were conducted using Wilcoxon rank-sum/Cochran-Armitage/χ2 /Fisher's exact tests. We used Poisson regression (robust standard errors) to estimate unadjusted/adjusted (age, sex, calendar year of ICU admission) risk ratios (RRs) and regression standardization to estimate the PAF. RESULTS In all, 207 index admissions were included [median (interquartile range) age: 46 (38-53) years; 72% male]; 58 (28%) had a recent late diagnosis, all of whom had a CD4 count < 350 cells/μL, and 95% had advanced HIV (CD4 count < 200 cells/μL and/or AIDS at admission) as compared with 57% of those who did not have a recent late diagnosis (p < 0.001). In-ICU mortality was 27% (55/207); 38% versus 22% in those who did and did not have a recent late diagnosis, respectively (p = 0.02). Recent late diagnosis was independently associated with increased in-ICU mortality risk (adjusted RR = 1.75) (95% confidence interval: 1.05-2.91), with 17.08% (16.04-18.12%) of deaths being attributable to this. CONCLUSIONS There is a need for improved public health efforts focused on HIV testing and reporting of late diagnosis to better understand potentially missed opportunities for earlier HIV diagnosis in healthcare services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Bakewell
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit (HPRU) in Blood Borne and Sexually Transmitted Infections, University College London, London, UK
| | - Tanmay Kanitkar
- Intensive Care Unit, Royal Free Hospital, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,HIV services, Royal Free Hospital, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Oshani Dissanayake
- HIV services, Royal Free Hospital, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Maggie Symonds
- HIV services, Royal Free Hospital, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Stephanie Rimmer
- Intensive Care Unit, Royal Free Hospital, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Amit Adlakha
- Intensive Care Unit, Royal Free Hospital, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Marc C Lipman
- HIV services, Royal Free Hospital, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK.,Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free Hospital, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Sanjay Bhagani
- HIV services, Royal Free Hospital, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Banwari Agarwal
- Intensive Care Unit, Royal Free Hospital, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Robert F Miller
- HIV services, Royal Free Hospital, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Centre for Clinical Research in Infection and Sexual Health, Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Caroline A Sabin
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit (HPRU) in Blood Borne and Sexually Transmitted Infections, University College London, London, UK
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7
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Allen ST, Schneider KE, Morris M, Saloner B, Sherman SG. Factors Associated with HIV Testing Among People Who Inject Drugs: Findings from a Multistate Study at the Start of the COVID-19 Pandemic. AIDS Behav 2022; 27:1674-1681. [PMID: 36327014 PMCID: PMC9632597 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-022-03899-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have examined HIV testing among people who inject drugs (PWID) during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study examines factors associated with PWID who have been recently (past six months) tested for HIV during the COVID-19 pandemic. PWID were recruited between August 2020 and January 2021 from 22 drug treatment and harm reduction programs in nine states and the District of Columbia. We used logistic regression to identify correlates of recent HIV testing among PWID (n = 289). Most (52.9%) PWID reported having been recently tested for HIV. Factors associated with recent HIV testing included: having attended college [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.32, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.32-4.10], weekly hunger (aOR 2.08, 95% CI 1.20-3.60), crystal methamphetamine injection (aOR 2.04, 95% CI 1.05-3.97), and non-metropolitan residence (aOR 0.33, 95% CI 0.13, 0.88). Findings suggest HIV testing initiatives should be expanded during times of crisis, such as global pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean T Allen
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N. Broadway, 21205, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Kristin E Schneider
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N. Broadway, 21205, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Miles Morris
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N. Broadway, 21205, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brendan Saloner
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe St., 21205, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Susan G Sherman
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N. Broadway, 21205, Baltimore, MD, USA
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