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Liu D, Xia Q, Ding D, Tan W. Radiolabeling of functional oligonucleotides for molecular imaging. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:986412. [PMID: 36091456 PMCID: PMC9449898 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.986412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular imaging has greatly advanced basic biology and translational medicine through visualization and quantification of molecular events in a cellular context and living organisms. Nuclear medicine, including positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission tomography (SPECT), is one of the most representative molecular imaging modalities which is widely used in clinical theranostics. Recently, numerous molecular imaging agents have been developed to improve the quality and expand the applicable diseases of molecular imaging. Based on the choice of specific imaging agents, molecular imaging is capable of studying tumor biological activities, detecting tumor metastasis, and imaging Alzheimer’s disease-related amyloid proteins. Among these imaging agents, functional oligonucleotides-based imaging probes are becoming increasingly important due to their unique features. Antisense oligonucleotides, small interfering RNA, and aptamers are privileged molecular tools in precision medicine for cancer diagnosis and treatment. These chemically synthesized oligonucleotides without batch-to-batch variations are flexible to incorporate with other molecules without affecting their functionalities. Therefore, through the combination of oligonucleotides with radioisotopes, a series of molecular imaging agents were developed in the past decades to achieve highly sensitive and accurate biomedical imaging modalities for clinical theranostic. Due to the nature of oligonucleotides, the strategies of oligonucleotide radiolabeling are different from conventional small molecular tracers, and the radiolabeling strategy with rational design is highly correlated to the imaging quality. In this review, we summarize recent advancements in functional oligonucleotide radiolabeling strategies and respective molecular imaging applications. Meanwhile, challenges and future development insights of functional oligonucleotide-based radiopharmaceuticals are discussed in the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunfang Liu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), Renji Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Xia
- Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), Renji Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Ding Ding, ; Qian Xia,
| | - Ding Ding
- Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), Renji Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Ding Ding, ; Qian Xia,
| | - Weihong Tan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), Renji Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Asadi Z, Fathi M, Rismani E, Bigdelou Z, Johari B. Application of decoy oligodeoxynucleotides strategy for inhibition of cell growth and reduction of metastatic properties in nonresistant and erlotinib-resistant SW480 cell line. Cell Biol Int 2021; 45:1001-1014. [PMID: 33377576 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a critical regulator for angiogenesis, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, and drug resistance. Resistance toward EGF receptor (EGFR) inhibitors is a significant clinical concern for metastatic colon cancer patients. The present study aimed to evaluate the blocking influences of STAT3 decoy oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) on the STAT3 survival signaling pathway in nonresistant and erlotinib-resistant SW480 colon cancer cells. First, STAT3 decoy and scramble ODNs were designed according to STAT3 elements in the promoter region of MYCT1 gene and tested for the interaction of STAT3 protein with designed ODNs via in silico molecular docking study. Then, the efficiency of transfection and subcellular localization of ODNs were assessed using flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy, respectively. Cell viability, cell cycle, and apoptosis tests, scratch and colony formation assays, and real-time PCR were also used to study the cancerous properties of cells. A considerable decrease in proliferation of colon cancer cells was observed with blockade of STAT3 signaling due to cell cycle arrest and induced apoptosis via downregulation of cyclin D1 and Bcl-XL, respectively. Furthermore, upon transfecting STAT3 decoy ODNs, colony formation potential and migration activity in both SW480 colon cancer cell lines were decreased compared to the control groups. From this study, it could be concluded that STAT3 is critical for cell growth inhibition and metastatic properties reduction of resistant SW480 colon cancer cells; therefore, STAT3 decoy ODNs could be considered as potential therapeutics along with current remedies for treating drug-resistant colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoleykha Asadi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Fathi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.,Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Elham Rismani
- Molecular Medicine Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Bigdelou
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Behrooz Johari
- Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.,Zanjan Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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Khodaei M, Rostamizadeh K, Taromchi AH, Monirinasab H, Fathi M. DDAB cationic lipid-mPEG, PCL copolymer hybrid nano-carrier synthesis and application for delivery of siRNA targeting IGF-1R into breast cancer cells. Clin Transl Oncol 2021; 23:1167-1178. [PMID: 33389648 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-020-02507-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE To use siRNA molecule as a therapeutic agent in gene silencing, an efficient delivery system is necessary. Stability and clearance by reticuloendothelial of siRNA still remains the major challenges for clinical application. Herein, we could develop new lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles (LPHNP) as a siRNA carrier to silence insulin-like growth factor type I (IGF-1R) gene overexpression in MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line. METHODS Dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide-methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-poly (ε-caprolactone) (DDAB-mPEG-PCL) LPHNPs were synthesized using a single step nanoprecipitation method and characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) microscope. Cytotoxicity of the nanoparticles was assessed in the MCF7 cell line using 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Desired LPHNP-siRNA complex was determined using different Nitrogen:Phosphate ratio (N/P) ratios and gel retardation. To determine the encapsulation efficiency of siRNA (%) in LPHNP, its absorbance was measured. The effect of the siRNA-LPHNP complex on IGF-1R silencing was assessed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) RESULTS: LPHNP was synthesized using a single-step sonication method with a size below 100 nM. The viability of cells treated with hybrid nanoparticles was significantly greater than the corresponding cationic lipid (P < 0.01). As demonstrated by gel retardation assay, efficient siRNA binding to LPHNP occurred at N/P equal to 40 and siRNA encapsulation efficiency was found to be 95% ± 4 at this ratio. LPHNP-IGF-1R siRNA complex could be able to down-regulate the target more efficiently when it compared with the corresponded controls (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION In conclusion, our results suggest that DDAB cationic lipid and mPEG-PCL copolymer hybrid nanoparticle may be a good candidate for efficient siRNA delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Khodaei
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - K Rostamizadeh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - A H Taromchi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - H Monirinasab
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - M Fathi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran. .,Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
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monirinasab H, Asadi H, Rostamizadeh K, Esmaeilzadeh A, Khodaei M, Fathi M. Novel lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles for siRNA delivery and IGF-1R gene silencing in breast cancer cells. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2018.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Javadi S, Rostamizadeh K, Hejazi J, Parsa M, Fathi M. Curcumin mediated down-regulation of α V β 3 integrin and up-regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) in Erlotinib resistant SW480 colon cancer cells. Phytother Res 2017; 32:355-364. [PMID: 29168312 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Erlotinib is a potent, selective, and orally active inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor receptor, but the development of erlotinib resistance during chemotherapy can lead to treatment failure. To shed light on the erlotinib-resistant pathway, this study investigated the effect of combination therapy using curcumin- and erlotinib-loaded nanoparticles on the expression of αv β3 integrin and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) in an erlotinib-resistant SW480 colon cancer cell line. An erlotinib-resistant SW480 colon cancer cell line was produced by long-term exposure to erlotinib. Curcumin-loaded Methoxy poly ethylene glycol Poly caprolactone (cur/mPEG-PCL) and erlotinib-loaded mPEG-PCL (erl/mPEG-PCL) micelles were provided using a single step nanoprecipitation method and used as combination therapy of resistant SW480 cancer cells. After that, gene expression levels of PDK4, αv, and β3 mRNA were determined by the semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Protein levels of whole αv β3 integrin were evaluated using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. In SW480 cell line, the IC50 of nonresistant and resistant cells was 87.6 ± 1.2 nM and 19.1 ± 0.14 μM, for erlotinib and it was about 21.8 and 30 μM for curcumin, respectively. Although PDK4 expression was not significantly different in resistant and nonresistant cells, its expression was up regulated (1.4 fold) in resistant cells by a combination therapy of cur/mPEG-PCL at a dose of 3 μM and erl/mPEG-PCL at a dose of 5 μM. β3 mRNA and the protein level of whole αv β3 integrin was significantly higher in resistant SW480 cells as compared with those in nonresistant cells. In terms of treatment, a combination of 6-μM cur/mPEG-PCL and 5-μM erl/mPEG-PCL down regulated β3 gene expression 6.6-fold in resistant cells as compared with nonresistant cells. At the protein level, a combination of 3-μM-cur/mPEG-PCL and 10-μM erl/mPEG-PCL reduced αv β3 protein in resistant cells. The results indicated that combination therapy using cur/mPEG-PCL and erl/mPEG-PCL could decrease αv β3 integrin expression and increase PDK4 gene expression in resistant colon cancer cells, which may have effects on drug resistance signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Javadi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Kobra Rostamizadeh
- Zanjan Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Center (ZPNRC), Department of pharmaceutical Biomaterials, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Jalal Hejazi
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Maliheh Parsa
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Fathi
- Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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Gijs M, Aerts A, Impens N, Baatout S, Luxen A. Aptamers as radiopharmaceuticals for nuclear imaging and therapy. Nucl Med Biol 2015; 43:253-71. [PMID: 26746572 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Today, radiopharmaceuticals belong to the standard instrumentation of nuclear medicine, both in the context of diagnosis and therapy. The majority of radiopharmaceuticals consist of targeting biomolecules which are designed to interact with a disease-related molecular target. A plethora of targeting biomolecules of radiopharmaceuticals exists, including antibodies, antibody fragments, proteins, peptides and nucleic acids. Nucleic acids have some significant advantages relative to proteinaceous biomolecules in terms of size, production, modifications, possible targets and immunogenicity. In particular, aptamers (non-coding, synthetic, single-stranded DNA or RNA oligonucleotides) are of interest because they can bind a molecular target with high affinity and specificity. At present, few aptamers have been investigated preclinically for imaging and therapeutic applications. In this review, we describe the use of aptamers as targeting biomolecules of radiopharmaceuticals. We also discuss the chemical modifications which are needed to turn aptamers into valuable (radio-)pharmaceuticals, as well as the different radiolabeling strategies that can be used to radiolabel oligonucleotides and, in particular, aptamers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlies Gijs
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK·CEN), Mol, Belgium; Cyclotron Research Centre, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - An Aerts
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK·CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Impens
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK·CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Sarah Baatout
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK·CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - André Luxen
- Cyclotron Research Centre, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
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