1
|
Boned-Galán A, López-Ibort N, Gascón-Catalán A. Nurse Manager Span of Control in Hospital Settings: An Integrative Review. NURSING REPORTS 2023; 13:1577-1592. [PMID: 37987410 PMCID: PMC10660758 DOI: 10.3390/nursrep13040131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nurse managers face great challenges in responding to organizational demands. There exists a general mismatch between managerial span of control and the demands of the job post, which can lead to overburdening and attrition. The aim of this review was to identify the effects of the nurse manager span of control on hospital organizations. METHODS An integrative literature review was carried out on nurse manager span of control using the Medline, Embase and Web of Science databases. RESULTS 21 articles were included. Our findings indicate that the span of control of nursing managers influences outcomes in inpatients, professionals, nurse managers, and the organization. CONCLUSIONS The span of control of each nurse manager must be assessed and adjusted to each case. An appropriate span of control will lead to improved outcomes for stakeholders and the organization as a whole. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT Tools must be developed and implemented to measure and evaluate the span of control of nurse managers. This study was not registered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angel Boned-Galán
- Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragon), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
| | - Nieves López-Ibort
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragon), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
- Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana Gascón-Catalán
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Schlotzhauer AE, Cramer E, Grandfield EM, Warshawsky NE. Individual and Organizational Factors Associated With Nurse Manager Success. J Nurs Adm 2023; 53:392-398. [PMID: 37463262 DOI: 10.1097/nna.0000000000001305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to synthesize previous findings and provide practical guidance for maximizing nurse manager and nurse performance. BACKGROUND Two recent studies have linked nurse manager job design factors and individual differences to a variety of valued outcomes, but practical implications remain unclear. METHODS A large US sample of nurse managers was divided on the basis of nurse and patient outcomes. Various characteristics are compared across the highest and lowest performers. RESULTS Wider nurse manager span of control is associated with negative outcomes; the availability of support positions does not fully alleviate the consequences of wide spans. Nurse managers with fewer subordinates can effectively manage multiple units. Nurse manager experience is critical for success and cannot be fully replaced by leadership training programs. CONCLUSIONS Staffing and job design decisions have critical downstream implications. The present research provides guidance for effective staffing and job design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ann E Schlotzhauer
- Author Affiliations: Doctoral Candidate (Schlotzhauer), Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, Orlando; Research Faculty (Dr Cramer), Health Services and Outcomes Research, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Missouri; Associate Professor (Dr Cramer), School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City; Assistant Professor (Dr Grandfield), Department of Methodology and Statistics, Utrecht University, the Netherlands; and Nurse Scientist (Dr Warshawsky), Press Ganey Associates, South Bend, Indiana
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Buck CK, Dorrell JJ, Winslow SA. Leadership Development Recommendations for Clinical Nurse Managers to Bolster the Postpandemic Workforce. Nurs Adm Q 2023; 47:E27-E33. [PMID: 37261419 PMCID: PMC10227853 DOI: 10.1097/naq.0000000000000579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The postpandemic atmosphere has created a perfect storm that has necessitated a renewed prioritization to bolster support for the role of the clinical nurse manager. Role transition, competencies, mentorship, and ongoing development for the clinical nurse manager have been solidly supported in nursing leadership literature for decades. Preparing competent, ready-to-respond, people-oriented, transformational nurse leaders for these positions is essential to survival of our health care workforce. This article includes a summative review of comprehensive published findings related to nurse manager competency, development, and support. Findings have been correlated with one health system's postpandemic internal surveys, focus groups, reaction panels, and gap analysis to validate historic recommendations and prepare for program development. The purpose of this project was to endorse manager support and development recommendations and implement an evidence-based program to better prepare clinical nurse managers in today's health care leadership reality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carrie K. Buck
- Sentara Healthcare, Clinical Education and Simulation Department, Chesapeake, Virginia (Mss Buck and Dorrell); and Sentara Healthcare, Norfolk, Virginia (Dr Winslow)
| | - Jolene J. Dorrell
- Sentara Healthcare, Clinical Education and Simulation Department, Chesapeake, Virginia (Mss Buck and Dorrell); and Sentara Healthcare, Norfolk, Virginia (Dr Winslow)
| | - Susan A. Winslow
- Sentara Healthcare, Clinical Education and Simulation Department, Chesapeake, Virginia (Mss Buck and Dorrell); and Sentara Healthcare, Norfolk, Virginia (Dr Winslow)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ruffin A, Shirey MR, Dick T, Fazeli PL, Patrician PA. Understanding the Impact of Span of Control on Nurse Managers and Hospital Outcomes. J Healthc Manag 2023; 68:158-173. [PMID: 37159015 DOI: 10.1097/jhm-d-22-00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
GOAL Span of control is a multidimensional concept requiring a comprehensive definition that captures the complexities of the nurse manager's role in acute care settings. This concept analysis aimed to identify factors associated with span of control and provide a comprehensive definition outlining the breadth of this concept. METHODS ProQuest, PubMed, and Scopus databases were used to search peer-reviewed literature addressing the span of control in acute care nurse management. The search produced 185 articles; 177 titles and abstracts were screened for eligibility. Data from 22 articles were included in this analysis. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS This analysis includes antecedents, attributes, and consequences of expanded nurse manager spans of control. Work-related factors such as staff and manager experience levels, work complexity, and patient acuity are attributes of a nurse manager's span of control. Our findings suggest that expanded spans of control can have negative consequences on nurse managers such as role overload and burnout. Low satisfaction among staff and patients can result from excessive spans of control. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS An awareness of span of control can promote sustainable nursing practices by improving workplace conditions, staff satisfaction, and patient care quality. Our findings may translate across other health disciplines and thus contribute to scientific knowledge that can support changes in job designs and encourage more manageable workloads.
Collapse
|
5
|
Mudd A, Feo R, Voldbjerg SL, Laugesen B, Kitson A, Conroy T. Nurse managers' support of fundamental care in the hospital setting. An interpretive description of nurse managers' experiences across Australia, Denmark, and New Zealand. J Adv Nurs 2023; 79:1056-1068. [PMID: 34997632 DOI: 10.1111/jan.15139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To explore the role of ward-based nurse managers in supporting nurses to undertake high-quality fundamental care. DESIGN A qualitative study guided by the principles of interpretive description. Reported in accordance with Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ). METHODS Nurse managers in three urban, publicly funded hospitals in Australia, Denmark and New Zealand, were invited to participate in group interviews to discuss how they support fundamental care in their clinical areas. Six group interviews were conducted between February 2017 and March 2020 involving 31 participants. RESULTS Six interrelated themes were identified: Difficulty expressing how to support the nurse-patient relationship; Establishing expectations for care delivery without clear strategies for how this can be achieved; Role modelling desired behaviours; Significance of being present to support care quality; The importance of engaging and supporting staff in their work; and Recognizing the challenges of prioritizing care needs. CONCLUSION This study indicates that nurse managers are not universally clear in explaining how they support their staff to provide fundamental care. If fundamental care is not clearly understood and communicated in the nursing team, then there are risks that fundamental care will not be prioritized, with potential negative consequences for patient care. Nurse managers may benefit from additional resources and guidance to help them to support fundamental care delivery in their clinical areas. IMPACT Previous research exploring fundamental care and missed care highlights the importance of the role of the nurse manager in influencing nursing care. This study demonstrates that though nurse managers have a passion for supporting their staff to deliver fundamental care, clear strategies to achieve this are not always evident. This study suggests that scholarship around leadership to promote and facilitate fundamental care is crucial to improving nursing practice and patient outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Mudd
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia.,Caring Futures Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia.,International Learning Collaborative
| | - Rebecca Feo
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia.,Caring Futures Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia.,International Learning Collaborative
| | - Siri L Voldbjerg
- International Learning Collaborative.,Clinical Nursing Research Unit, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Britt Laugesen
- International Learning Collaborative.,Clinical Nursing Research Unit, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Alison Kitson
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia.,Caring Futures Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia.,International Learning Collaborative
| | - Tiffany Conroy
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia.,Caring Futures Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia.,International Learning Collaborative
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chen W, Modanloo S, Graham ID, Hu J, Lewis KB, Gifford W. A mixed-methods systematic review of interventions to improve leadership competencies of managers supervising nurses. J Nurs Manag 2022; 30:4156-4211. [PMID: 36194186 DOI: 10.1111/jonm.13828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to synthesize evidence on interventions to improve leadership competencies of managers supervising nurses. BACKGROUND In recent years, numerous interventions have been developed to improve the leadership competencies of managers supervising nurses. However, researchers and nursing leaders are unclear about what aspects of interventions are effective for developing which competencies. METHODS We conducted a mixed-methods systematic review following the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) approach for evidence synthesis. The Medline (Ovid), CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, Nursing and Allied Health Database were reviewed. Data extraction, quality appraisal and narrative synthesis were conducted in line with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. RESULTS A total of 69 studies (35 quantitative, 22 mixed methods, 12 qualitative) evaluating 68 interventions were included. Studies showed that interventions used modal activities such as lectures, group work and mentoring that generally had positive effects on improving leadership competencies such as supporting, developing and recognizing nurses. Opportunities to interact with peers increased managers' engagement in the interventions; however, many barriers existed for managers to use the competencies in practice including understaffing, insufficient time and lack of support from supervisors and staff. CONCLUSIONS Leadership interventions were shown to have beneficial effects on developing different competencies. Managers predominately felt positive about participating in leadership interventions; however, they expressed many difficulties applying what they learned in practice. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT Leadership interventions should include multimodal activities that give managers opportunities for interaction. When considering interventions for developing the leadership of managers, it is imperative to consider the practice environments for managers to be successful in applying the competencies they learned in practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Chen
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Center for Research on Health and Nursing, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shokoufeh Modanloo
- Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ian D Graham
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Clinical Epodemiology, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jiale Hu
- Department of Nurse Anesthesia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Krystina B Lewis
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Center for Research on Health and Nursing, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wendy Gifford
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Center for Research on Health and Nursing, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
The Impact of Generation on Nurse Manager Job Satisfaction. J Nurs Adm 2022; 52:435-441. [PMID: 35857915 DOI: 10.1097/nna.0000000000001166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the effects of generational membership on nurse managers' (NMs') perception of their practice environment and job satisfaction using the Nurse Manager Practice Environment Scale (NMPES). BACKGROUND Boomers, Generation Xers, and millennials make up the NM workforce. Each has specific perceptions and expectations for their practice environment and job satisfaction. Little is known about these differences. METHODS A secondary analysis of NM survey data was conducted using descriptive statistics and multiple regression to identify the impact of generation on NMs' perception of their practice environment and satisfaction. RESULTS Generational membership did not significantly impact NMPES or job satisfaction scores, but the practice environment was a strong predictor of these outcomes. CONCLUSION Generational membership did not impact NMs' satisfaction for this sample, but the practice environment did. Further research is needed to examine additional factors that influence NM satisfaction and retention.
Collapse
|
8
|
Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Brockway
- At Penn Medicine at Chester County Hospital in West Chester, Pa., Cindy Brockway is the director of research and Cheryl Monturo is a senior nurse scientist
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nurmeksela A, Zedreck Gonzalez JF, Kinnunen J, Kvist T. Components of the Magnet® model provide structure for the future vision of nurse managers' work: A qualitative perspective of nurse managers. J Nurs Manag 2021; 29:2028-2036. [PMID: 33843122 DOI: 10.1111/jonm.13337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To describe nurse managers' views of their work in the future. BACKGROUND Ongoing reformation of health care organisations includes profound changes to nurse managers' work practices. METHOD A qualitative approach was applied to elicit views of nurse managers (n = 133) from eight Finnish specialized medical care hospitals through one open-ended question about their future work in November 2019. The acquired data were subjected to inductive thematic content analysis. RESULTS Four themes were identified in the nurse managers' responses, indicating that they anticipated: 1) a shift from hierarchical leadership to shared governance, 2) an increasing focus on proactive and systematic work, 3) development of evidence-based practices and 4) improvement in the attractiveness and effectiveness of the organisation. CONCLUSIONS Nurse managers envisage their future work will follow the transformational leadership model. Shared governance and multidisciplinary team leading, with a stronger focus on proactive strategic planning will extend their power to influence decision-making. Administrative supporting systems will free more time from their daily routine work for interactions with staff. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT Clarification of the managers' job description along with administrative support systems is anticipated to strengthen leadership, facilitate management, enhance decision-making and increase the attractiveness and effectiveness of both health care organisations and nurse managers' work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anu Nurmeksela
- Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Juha Kinnunen
- Central Finland Central Hospital, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Tarja Kvist
- Department of Nursing Science, Kuopio Campus, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Penconek T, Tate K, Bernardes A, Lee S, Micaroni SPM, Balsanelli AP, de Moura AA, Cummings GG. Determinants of nurse manager job satisfaction: A systematic review. Int J Nurs Stud 2021; 118:103906. [PMID: 33765624 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2021.103906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Front-line nurse managers provide direct oversight of healthcare delivery to ensure organizational expectations are implemented to achieve optimal patient and staff outcomes. Ensuring the job satisfaction of front-line nurse managers is key to retaining these individuals in their roles. Understanding factors influencing job satisfaction of nurse managers can support the development and implementation of strategies to enhance job satisfaction and sustain retention. OBJECTIVES We aimed to systematically review the empirical literature measuring determinants of job satisfaction among nurse managers. DESIGN We conducted a systematic review using 11 electronic databases. DATA SOURCES Electronic databases included ABI Inform, Academic Search Premier, CINAHL, EMBASE, ERIC, Health Source Nursing, Medline, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, PsychINFO, and LILACS. REVIEW METHODS We included research articles that examined the determinants of job satisfaction for front-line nurse managers. Two research team members independently reviewed and determined inclusion of each study. Each study was appraised independently for quality by two team members. Data extraction was completed for included studies. Content analysis was used to categorize factors associated with job satisfaction of nurse managers. RESULTS A total of 5608 articles were screened for inclusion or exclusion. Thirty-eight studies were included. One hundred and one factors influencing nurse manager job satisfaction were reported in the included studies. Factors were grouped into three main categories: job characteristics, organizational characteristics, and personal characteristics. Most factors were examined in single studies or their relationship with job satisfaction was equivocal. However, across these categories, findings included significant positive relationships between autonomy, power, social support among team members and job satisfaction of front-line nurse managers. A significant negative relationship between job stress and nurse manager job satisfaction was indicated in the findings. CONCLUSIONS Promoting autonomy, power to make decisions for change, social support, team cohesion, and strategies to reduce job stress may improve job satisfaction of front-line nurse managers. Innovative solutions such as co-management and targeted administrative and electronic resources warrant further investigation. Promoting prosocial group behaviours, team building, coaching and the implementation of wellness programs may improve social support, team cohesion, and wellbeing. Examining factors of nurse managers job satisfaction beyond the acute care setting could provide further insights into the role that the practice environment plays in nurse manager job satisfaction. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT Promoting autonomy, power to effect decisions for change, social support, team cohesion, and strategies to reduce job stress are important drivers of job satisfaction of front-line managers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Penconek
- Faculty of Nursing, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, 11405 87 Ave NW, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Kaitlyn Tate
- Faculty of Nursing, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, 11405 87 Ave NW, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Andrea Bernardes
- Ribeirao Preto College of Nursing, University of Sao Paulo, R. da Reitoria, 374, Cidade Universitaria, Butanta, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-220, Brazil
| | - Sarah Lee
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Level 1, 264 Ferntree Gully Rd, Notting Hill, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Simone P M Micaroni
- Faculty of Nursing, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, 11405 87 Ave NW, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Alexandre P Balsanelli
- Paulista School of Nursing, Federal University of Sao Paulo, R. Sena Madureira, 1500 - Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04021-001, Brazil
| | - Andre A de Moura
- Ribeirao Preto College of Nursing, University of Sao Paulo, R. da Reitoria, 374, Cidade Universitaria, Butanta, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-220, Brazil
| | - Greta G Cummings
- Faculty of Nursing, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, 11405 87 Ave NW, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1C9, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cummings GG, Lee S, Tate K, Penconek T, Micaroni SPM, Paananen T, Chatterjee GE. The essentials of nursing leadership: A systematic review of factors and educational interventions influencing nursing leadership. Int J Nurs Stud 2020; 115:103842. [PMID: 33383271 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nursing leadership plays a vital role in shaping outcomes for healthcare organizations, personnel and patients. With much of the leadership workforce set to retire in the near future, identifying factors that positively contribute to the development of leadership in nurses is of utmost importance. OBJECTIVES To identify determining factors of nursing leadership, and the effectiveness of interventions to enhance leadership in nurses. DESIGN We conducted a systematic review, including a total of nine electronic databases. DATA SOURCES Databases included: Medline, Academic Search Premier, Embase, PsychInfo, Sociological Abstracts, ABI, CINAHL, ERIC, and Cochrane. REVIEW METHODS Studies were included if they quantitatively examined factors contributing to nursing leadership or educational interventions implemented with the intention of developing leadership practices in nurses. Two research team members independently reviewed each article to determine inclusion. All included studies underwent quality assessment, data extraction and content analysis. RESULTS 49,502 titles/abstracts were screened resulting in 100 included manuscripts reporting on 93 studies (n=44 correlational studies and n=49 intervention studies). One hundred and five factors examined in correlational studies were categorized into 5 groups experience and education, individuals' traits and characteristics, relationship with work, role in the practice setting, and organizational context. Correlational studies revealed mixed results with some studies finding positive correlations and other non-significant relationships with leadership. Participation in leadership interventions had a positive impact on the development of a variety of leadership styles in 44 of 49 intervention studies, with relational leadership styles being the most common target of interventions. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this review make it clear that targeted educational interventions are an effective method of leadership development in nurses. However, due to equivocal results reported in many included studies and heterogeneity of leadership measurement tools, few conclusions can be drawn regarding which specific nurse characteristics and organizational factors most effectively contribute to the development of nursing leadership. Contextual and confounding factors that may mediate the relationships between nursing characteristics, development of leadership and enhancement of leadership development programs also require further examination. Targeted development of nursing leadership will help ensure that nurses of the future are well equipped to tackle the challenges of a burdened health-care system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Greta G Cummings
- Faculty of Nursing, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, 11405 87 Ave NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada.
| | - Sarah Lee
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Level 1, 264 Ferntree Gully Rd, Notting Hill, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Kaitlyn Tate
- Faculty of Nursing, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, 11405 87 Ave NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Tatiana Penconek
- Faculty of Nursing, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, 11405 87 Ave NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Simone P M Micaroni
- Faculty of Nursing, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, 11405 87 Ave NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada; Technical High School of Campinas, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Barão Geraldo, Campinas - São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Tanya Paananen
- Faculty of Nursing, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, 11405 87 Ave NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Gargi E Chatterjee
- Faculty of Nursing, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, 11405 87 Ave NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Keith AC, Warshawsky N, Neff D, Loerzel V, Parchment J. Factors that influence nurse manager job satisfaction: An integrated literature review. J Nurs Manag 2020; 29:373-384. [PMID: 32970872 DOI: 10.1111/jonm.13165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To understand factors that influence nurse manager job satisfaction. BACKGROUND Nurse managers influence patient care, staff retention and health care initiatives, yet poor retention and recruiting outcomes threaten the supply of managers. Research regarding staff nurse job satisfaction and retention is substantial, but far less is known about these same areas for nurse managers. EVALUATIONS Electronic databases were systematically searched to find studies regarding nurse manager job satisfaction. Articles were selected using professional guidelines and set criteria. Fourteen peer-reviewed publications were included in this review. Major themes were extracted and synthesized. KEY ISSUES Findings from this review indicate that nurse manager job satisfaction is influenced by workloads, organisational support, nurse manager-supervisor relationships and the quality of their training and competency. CONCLUSIONS This review found overwhelming workloads, inadequate resources, poor supervisor relationships and insufficient training to be commonplace for nurse managers. To improve satisfaction and retention, institutions must cultivate practice environments that promote healthy workloads, strong interorganisational relationships, professional growth and success of their nurse managers. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT Findings from this study reveal areas for improvement that health care institutions and senior nursing leadership can use to transform practice environments, increase nurse managers' job satisfaction and entice them to stay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela C Keith
- College of Nursing, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Nora Warshawsky
- College of Nursing, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Donna Neff
- College of Nursing, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Victoria Loerzel
- College of Nursing, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cziraki K, Wong C, Kerr M, Finegan J. Leader empowering behaviour: relationships with nurse and patient outcomes. Leadersh Health Serv (Bradf Engl) 2020; 33:397-415. [PMID: 33635019 DOI: 10.1108/lhs-04-2020-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to test a model examining the impact of leader empowering behaviour on experienced nurses' self-efficacy, interprofessional collaboration, job turnover intentions and adverse patient outcomes. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH Structural equation modelling in Mplus was used to analyse cross-sectional survey data from experienced nurses in Alberta, Ontario, and Nova Scotia, Canada (n = 478). FINDINGS The results supported the hypothesized model: (164) = 333.021, p = 0.000; RMSEA = 0.047; CFI = 0.965; TLI = 0.959; SRMR = 0.051. Indirect effects were observed between leader empowering behaviour and nurses' assessment of adverse events and leader empowering behaviour and nurses' job turnover intentions through interprofessional collaboration. RESEARCH LIMITATIONS/IMPLICATIONS Leader empowering behaviour plays a role in creating collaborative conditions that support quality patient care and the retention of experienced nurses. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS The findings will be of interest to academic and hospital leaders as they consider strategies to retain experienced nurses, such as nurse manager selection, development and performance management systems. ORIGINALITY/VALUE The influx of new graduate nurses to the nursing profession and changing models of care requires the retention of experienced nurses in the workforce. The findings suggest that leader empowering behaviour and interprofessional collaboration are important factors in supporting quality patient care and stabilizing the nursing workforce.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Cziraki
- Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, University of Western Ontario, London Ontario, Canada
| | - Carol Wong
- Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, University of Western Ontario, London Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Kerr
- Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, University of Western Ontario, London Ontario, Canada
| | - Joan Finegan
- Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Seabold K, Sarver W, Kline M, McNett M. Impact of intensive leadership training on nurse manager satisfaction and perceived importance of competencies. Nurs Manag (Harrow) 2020; 51:34-42. [PMID: 31880618 DOI: 10.1097/01.numa.0000580592.92262.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Seabold
- At The MetroHealth System in Cleveland, Ohio, Kelly Seabold is the director of nursing excellence, Wendy Sarver is the director of nursing research, and Melissa Kline is the senior vice president of patient care services/CNO. At The Ohio State University Helene Fuld Health Trust National Institute for Evidence-Based Practice in Nursing and Healthcare, Molly McNett is a clinical nursing professor and assistant director, implementation science core
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Price SL, Vine J, Gurnham ME, Paynter M, Leiter M. Experiences With Managing the Workplace Social Environment: A Qualitative Study. J Nurs Adm 2019; 49:569-573. [PMID: 31651618 DOI: 10.1097/nna.0000000000000813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to examine 1st-line managers' (FLMs') experiences in managing the workplace social environment (WSE). BACKGROUND FLMs are responsible for the establishment and maintenance of supportive WSE essential for effective teamwork. Poorly managed WSE and dysfunctional teams hold negative implications for patients, teams, and organizations. METHODS This was a qualitative descriptive study, using content analysis of individual and focus group interviews with FLMs and directors. RESULTS FLMs play a critical role in the management of the WSE; however, the task is fraught with constraints and challenges including competing demands, lack of support, and insufficient training. Findings explicate how competing demands and communication challenges impede the successful management of the WSE. CONCLUSIONS Given the importance of a healthy WSE to patient, professional, and organizational outcomes, FLMs need support, training, and resources to assist them in managing the social environment alongside other competing priorities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheri L Price
- Author Affiliations: Associate Professor (Dr Price), School of Nursing, Dalhousie University; Vice President of Patient Care and Chief Nurse Executive (Ms Vine), IWK Health Centre; Senior Director, Interprofessional Practice and Learning (Ms Gurnham), Nova Scotia Health Authority; and PhD in Nursing Student (Ms Paynter), School of Nursing, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; and Professor of Industrial and Organisational Psychology (Dr Leiter), Faculty of Health, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
El Haddad M, Wilkinson G, Thompson L, Faithfull‐Byrne A, Moss C. Perceptions of the impact of introducing administrative support for nurse unit managers: A qualitative evaluation. J Nurs Manag 2019; 27:1700-1711. [DOI: 10.1111/jonm.12860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- May El Haddad
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine University of the Sunshine Coast Maroochydore DC Qld Australia
- Sunshine Coast Hospital and Health Service Sunshine Coast MC Qld Australia
| | - Graham Wilkinson
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine University of the Sunshine Coast Maroochydore DC Qld Australia
- Sunshine Coast Hospital and Health Service Sunshine Coast MC Qld Australia
| | - Lorraine Thompson
- Sunshine Coast Hospital and Health Service Sunshine Coast MC Qld Australia
| | - Annette Faithfull‐Byrne
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine University of the Sunshine Coast Maroochydore DC Qld Australia
- Sunshine Coast Hospital and Health Service Sunshine Coast MC Qld Australia
| | - Cheryle Moss
- Nursing and Midwifery Monash University Melbourne Vic. Australia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
The primary aim of this literature review was to examine the quantity, quality, and consistency of evidence regarding the span of control (SOC) specific to nurse managers. A secondary aim was to meaningfully translate the evidence and offer guidance to 21st-century nurse leaders. The review results were categorized using Donabedian's (2003) Structure-Process-Outcomes model. The Structure-Process-Outcomes approach was used to review the literature and consider SOC recommendations for today's health care environment. Structures outlined the conditions for current SOC, which included material resources, human resources, and organizational characteristics. Processes were defined as activities or actions stemming from identified structures that led to outcomes. Examples included management/administrative activities, as well as frontline staff participation in these tasks. Outcomes were performance measures of human resources, financial, and quality metrics. The review revealed that an SOC model built on a simplistic full-time employment ratio is outdated. Yet, nurse managers remain in their role in the face of these simplistic models despite feelings of inadequacy, exhaustion, and failure because they passionately care about patients and staff. New attitudes and integration of advanced technologies, pioneering tools including SOC assessment tools, and ongoing competency developments will result in different needs of SOC as health care moves deeper into the modern era. This evidence is offered to inform and drive conversations focused on providing optimal nurse manager SOC for maximum effectiveness within unique and ever-evolving care environments.
Collapse
|
18
|
|
19
|
Cupit T, Stout-Aguilar J, Cannon L, Norton J. Assessing the Nurse Manager's Span of Control: A Partnership Between Executive Leadership, Nurse Scientists and Clinicians. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mnl.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
20
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND BACKGROUND To improve leadership competency, academic and clinical partners planned and implemented a 2-day facilitated workshop that actively engaged nurse leaders in preparing for their current and future careers by focusing on "The Leader Within." We anticipated that an emphasis on this particular dimension of leadership, that is, knowing oneself, would lead to improvements in the science and the art of leadership among nurse managers (NMs) and assistant NMs (ANMs). METHODS Using the Nurse Manager Skills Inventory (NMSI), we conducted precompetency and 8-month postcompetency surveys and interviews. Although 41 nurses completed the pretest, only 17 completed the posttest. RESULTS The sample of 50% NMs and 50% ANMs had an average age of 38.4 (SD, 8.2) years' and 8.2 (SD, 6.3) years' experience. Self-rated leadership competency scores were improved at the 8-month posttest period on all NMSI sections: the Science, the Art, and the Leader Within. CONCLUSIONS Actively cultivating "The Leader Within" facilitates reflective practice that may lead to more deliberate leadership competency attainment and career planning.
Collapse
|
21
|
Nelson KE. Nurse Manager Perceptions of Work Overload and Strategies to Address It. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mnl.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|