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Non-human contributions to personality neuroscience – from fish through primates. An introduction to the special issue. PERSONALITY NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 5:e11. [PMID: 36258777 PMCID: PMC9549393 DOI: 10.1017/pen.2022.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The most fundamental emotional systems that show trait control are evolutionarily old and extensively conserved. Psychology in general has benefited from non-human neuroscience and from the analytical simplicity of behaviour in those with simpler nervous systems. It has been argued that integration between personality, psychopathology, and neuroscience is particularly promising if we are to understand the neurobiology of human experience. Here, we provide some general arguments for a non-human approach being at least as productive in relation to personality, psychopathology, and their interface. Some early personality theories were directly linked to psychopathology (e.g., Eysenck, Panksepp, and Cloninger). They shared a common interest in brain systems that naturally led to the use of non-human data; behavioural, neural, and pharmacological. In Eysenck’s case, this also led to the selective breeding, at the Maudsley Institute, of emotionally reactive and non-reactive strains of rat as models of trait neuroticism or trait emotionality. Dimensional personality research and categorical approaches to clinical disorder then drifted apart from each other, from neuropsychology, and from non-human data. Recently, the conceptualizations of both healthy personality and psychopathology have moved towards a common hierarchical trait perspective. Indeed, the proposed two sets of trait dimensions appear similar and may even be eventually the same. We provide, here, an introduction to this special issue of Personality Neuroscience, where the authors provide overviews of detailed areas where non-human data inform human personality and its psychopathology or provide explicit models for translation to human neuroscience. Once all the papers in the issue have appeared, we will also provide a concluding summary of them.
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Altintas M, Sarlak D, Ozturk E, Celbis O. Evaluation of Childhood Traumas, Depressive Symptoms, and Dissociative Experiences in Tinnitus Cases. Medeni Med J 2021; 36:302-309. [PMID: 34937324 PMCID: PMC8694164 DOI: 10.4274/mmj.galenos.2021.89106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Tinnitus is described as the perceived sound without any external stimulus and is a common problem, but its mechanism is not fully understood. This study aimed to evaluate childhood traumas and dissociative experiences, which may be predisposing factors in patients with tinnitus. Methods: The study included 90 voluntary patients (45 patients with tinnitus and 45 in the control group) aged older than 18 years who applied to the otorhinolaryngology clinic between November 2018 and February 2019 and were diagnosed with subjective tinnitus. A personal information form together with childhood trauma, hospital anxiety and depression, and dissociative experiences scales were used to assess the patients. Results: Of all participants, 55.60% were males, 28.90% were 20-30 years old, 71.10% were married, 40% were primary school graduates, and 68.90% were employed. In addition, 77.78% of patients did not visit a psychiatrist and 75.56% did not have any chronic diseases. The mean total score of Childhood Trauma Scale for the tinnitus group was 54.37±10.17, the mean total score of The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale for the tinnitus group in the depression subscale was 12.22±5.41 and in the anxiety subscale was 10.54±3.5, and Dissociative Experiences was 13.48±4.68. A positive significant relationship was found between the childhood traumas of the tinnitus cases in their depressive symptoms, and dissociative experiences (p<0.05). Conclusions: The study results found a positive relationship between the childhood traumas and dissociative experiences of tinnitus cases, which can be considered as predisposing factors in patients with tinnitus who should also be investigated for childhood trauma, and the treatment approach should be multidisciplinary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Altintas
- University of Health Sciences Turkey, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Otorhinolaryngology, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Deniz Sarlak
- Mugla Sıtkı Kocman University Seydikemer School of Applied Sciences, Department of Social Services, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Erdinc Ozturk
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Institute of Forensic Sciences and Legal Medicine, Department of Social Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Osman Celbis
- Inonu University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Forensic Medicine, Malatya, Turkey
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Hemmati A, Newton-Howes G, Falahi S, Mostafavi S, Colarusso CA, Komasi S. Personality Pathology among Adults with History of Childhood Sexual Abuse: Study of the Relevance of DSM-5 Proposed Traits and Psychobiological Features of Temperament and Character. Indian J Psychol Med 2021; 43:135-143. [PMID: 34376889 PMCID: PMC8313448 DOI: 10.1177/0253717620928813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The main aim of this study was to determine whether childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is reflected in the pathological traits of the alternative model of personality disorders (AMPD) in section-III of DSM-5 and Cloninger's temperament and character profiles. METHODS The Persian versions of Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5), Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI-125), and Structured Clinical Inventory for DSM-IV-TR-Axis II-Screening Questionnaire (SCID-II-SQ) were administered to 43 Iranian college students who reported a history of CSA and 390 participants who did not. Bivariate Pearson correlations and general linear model repeated measures (GLMRM) were used to compare results. RESULTS Bivariate correlations indicated that both the PID-5 and TCI-125 were significantly associated with their relevant personality disorders. Profile analysis showed that the pathological trait domains of the PID-5, except for negative affectivity, were significantly greater in those with an experience of CSA. Of the seven dimensions of TCI-125, novelty seeking and persistence were higher in those with an experience of CSA, but reward dependence, self-directedness, and cooperativeness were lower. CONCLUSIONS These results confirmed a correlation between CSA and personality dysfunction. The pattern of dysfunction was complex and somewhat different from the two facet measures used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azad Hemmati
- Dept of Psychology, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Giles Newton-Howes
- Dept of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Shafea Falahi
- Dept of Psychology, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | | | | | - Saeid Komasi
- Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.,Neurosciences Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
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Zhao N, Shi D, Huang J, Chen Q, Wang Q. Comparing the Self-Reported Personality Disorder Traits and Childhood Traumatic Experiences Between Patients With Schizophrenia Vs. Major Depressive Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:754174. [PMID: 34671281 PMCID: PMC8520909 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.754174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Personality disorder (PD) and childhood traumatic experience (CTE) are well- recognized risk factors for the development of schizophrenia (SZ) and major depressive disorder (MDD). The relationship between CTE and PD is extremely close, and both conditions can affect subsequent psychiatric disorders. Little is known about the differences of these factors in patients with SZ and those with MDD. Materials and Methods: A total of 1,026 outpatients participated in the study, including 533 (51.9%) with SZ and 493 (48.1%) with MDD who were sequentially sampled. The PD traits were assessed using the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire Fourth Edition Plus (PDQ-4+). The Child Trauma Questionnaire Short Form (CTQ-SF) was used to assess childhood adversities. The scores and associations of PDQ-4+ and CTQ-SF between patients with SZ and those with MDD were compared. Results: The MDD group exhibited more PD traits and more childhood emotional neglect than the SZ group. In patients with MDD, the correlation between PD traits and CTE was significantly higher than that in patients with SZ. Patients with SZ vs. those with MDD showed different PD traits and CTE. The schizotypal and antisocial PD traits, as well as sexual abuse and physical neglect CTE, were significantly related to SZ. In contrast, the borderline, narcissistic and avoidant PD traits, and emotional abuse/neglect CTE were significantly associated with MDD. Discussion: These findings indicated a robust relationship between CTE and PD traits. Moreover, patients with SZ or MDD, have different interactive patterns. Both CTE and PD traits have the potential to be premorbid risk factors that could be targeted for preventative interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhao
- Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dianhong Shi
- Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiuying Chen
- Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Schouw JEMC, Verkes RJ, Schene AH, Schellekens AFA. The relationship between childhood adversity and adult personality revealed by network analysis. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2020; 99:104254. [PMID: 31765851 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood adversity is known to influence personality development. Studies suggest that distinct types of childhood adversities have differential effects on personality dimensions. However, different types of adversity often co-occur, and personality dimensions are strongly interconnected. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to use a network approach to analyze the interrelationships between different types of childhood adversity and diverse personality dimensions integratively. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING We used previously collected data on 142 alcohol dependent patients and 102 healthy controls. METHODS The participants completed the Interview for Traumatic Events in Childhood, the Parental Acceptance and Rejection Questionnaire and the Temperament and Character Inventory. Outcomes on the subscales of these instruments were included in the network analysis. RESULTS The resulting network showed strong connections between different types of childhood adversity, and between the different temperaments and characters of personality. Childhood adversity, mainly physical abuse and maternal rejection, was connected to most personality dimensions, except for reward dependence. Physical abuse showed the highest centrality measures, indicating a central, important role in the network. CONCLUSIONS These findings confirm that different types of childhood adverse experiences often co-occur, and suggest that specifically physical and emotional abuse, and maternal rejection might play a prominent role in shaping personality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E M C Schouw
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Robbert J Verkes
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Aart H Schene
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Arnt F A Schellekens
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Nijmegen Institute for Science Practitioners in Addiction, Radboud University Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Hoppen TH, Chalder T. Childhood adversity as a transdiagnostic risk factor for affective disorders in adulthood: A systematic review focusing on biopsychosocial moderating and mediating variables. Clin Psychol Rev 2018; 65:81-151. [PMID: 30189342 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Trudie Chalder
- Academic Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, UK
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Affective temperaments play an important role in the relationship between child abuse and the diagnosis of bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Res 2018; 262:13-19. [PMID: 29407563 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In previous studies, various components such as environmental and genetic factors have been shown to contribute to the development of bipolar disorder (BD). This study investigated how multiple factors, including child abuse, adult life events, and affective temperaments, are interrelated and how they affect the diagnosis of BD. A total of 170 healthy controls and 75 BD patients completed the following self-administered questionnaires: the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 evaluating the severity of depressive symptoms; the Child Abuse and Trauma Scale (CATS) evaluating child abuse; the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego autoquestionnaire (TEMPS-A) evaluating affective temperaments; and the Life Experiences Survey (LES) evaluating negative and positive adult life events. The data were subjected to univariate analysis, multivariable analysis, and structural equation modeling. The structural equation modeling showed that the diagnosis of BD was indirectly predicted by the neglect and sexual abuse scores of the CATS through four affective temperaments (depressive, cyclothymic, irritable, and anxious) of the TEMPS-A and directly predicted by these four affective temperaments. This study suggested that affective temperament plays an important role as a mediator in the influence of child abuse on BD diagnosis.
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Perugi G, Cesari D, Vannucchi G, Maccariello G, Barbuti M, De Bartolomeis A, Fagiolini A, Maina G. The impact of affective temperaments on clinical and functional outcome of Bipolar I patients that initiated or changed pharmacological treatment for mania. Psychiatry Res 2018; 261:473-480. [PMID: 29360052 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Affective temperaments have been shown to impact on the clinical manifestations and the course of bipolar disorder. We investigated their influence on clinical features and functional outcome of manic episode. METHOD In a naturalistic, multicenter, national study, a sample of 194 BD I patients that initated or changed pharmacological treatment for DSM-IV-TR manic episode underwent a comprehensive evaluation including briefTEMPS-M, CTQ, YMRS, MADRS, FAST, and CGI-BP. Factorial, correlation and comparative analyses were conducted on different temperamental subtypes. RESULTS Depressive, cyclothymic, irritable and anxious temperaments resulted significantly correlated with each other. On the contrary, hyperthymic temperament scores were not correlated with the other temperamental dimensions. The factorial analysis of the briefTEMPS-M sub-scales total scores allowed the extraction of two factors: the Cyclothymic-Depressive-Anxious (Cyclo-Dep-Anx) and the Hyperthymic. At final evaluation Dominant Cyclo-Dep-Anx patients reported higer scores in MADRS and in CTQ emotional neglect and abuse subscale scores than Dominant Hyperthymic patients. The latter showed a greater functional outcome than Cyclo-Dep-Anx patients. CONCLUSIONS Affective temperaments seem to influence the course of mania. Childhood emotional abuse and neglect were related to the cyclothymic disposition. Cyclothymic subjects showed more residual depressive symptoms and Hyperthymic temperament is associated with a better short-term functional outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Perugi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Italy.
| | - D Cesari
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - G Vannucchi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - G Maccariello
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - M Barbuti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - A De Bartolomeis
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, University Medical School of Naples Federico II, Italy
| | - A Fagiolini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Psychiatry Division, University of Siena, Italy
| | - G Maina
- Department of Neurosciences, Polo Universitario San Luigi Gonzaga, University of Turin, Italy
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Okubo R, Inoue T, Hashimoto N, Suzukawa A, Tanabe H, Oka M, Narita H, Ito K, Kako Y, Kusumi I. The mediator effect of personality traits on the relationship between childhood abuse and depressive symptoms in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2017; 257:126-131. [PMID: 28755602 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies indicated that personality traits have a mediator effect on the relationship between childhood abuse and depressive symptoms in major depressive disorder and nonclinical general adult subjects. In the present study, we aimed to test the hypothesis that personality traits mediate the relationship between childhood abuse and depressive symptoms in schizophrenia. We used the following questionnaires to evaluate 255 outpatients with schizophrenia: the Child Abuse and Trauma Scale, temperament and character inventory, and Patients Health Questionnire-9. Univariate analysis, multiple regression analysis, and structured equation modeling (SEM) were used to analyze the data. The relationship between neglect and sexual abuse and the severity of depressive symptoms was mostly mediated by the personality traits of high harm avoidance, low self-directedness, and low cooperativeness. This finding was supported by the results of stepwise multiple regression analysis and the acceptable fit indices of SEM. Thus, our results suggest that personality traits mediate the relationship between childhood abuse and depressive symptoms in schizophrenia. The present study and our previous studies also suggest that this mediator effect could occur independent of the presence or type of mental disorder. Clinicians should routinely assess childhood abuse history, personality traits, and their effects in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Okubo
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; Division of Health Care Research, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center Japan.
| | - Takeshi Inoue
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Hashimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akio Suzukawa
- Hokkaido University Public Policy School, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hajime Tanabe
- Department of Clinical Human Sciences, Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Shizuoka University, Japan
| | - Matsuhiko Oka
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hisashi Narita
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Koki Ito
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuki Kako
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kusumi
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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Dualibe AL, Osório FL. Bipolar Disorder and Early Emotional Trauma: A Critical Literature Review on Indicators of Prevalence Rates and Clinical Outcomes. Harv Rev Psychiatry 2017; 25:198-208. [PMID: 28759479 DOI: 10.1097/hrp.0000000000000154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
LEARNING OBJECTIVES After participating in this activity, learners should be better able to:• Evaluate the prevalence of early emotional trauma in patients with bipolar disorder (BD)• Assess the impact of these traumas on patients and on their development of BD OBJECTIVES: We performed a systematic literature review to (1) evaluate the prevalence of early emotional trauma (EET) in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) and the impact of these traumas on the development of the disorder, and (2) integrate the findings of our review with those previously reported by Fisher and Hosang, Daruy-Filho and colleagues, and Maniglio. METHODS The literature search was performed on PubMed, SciELO, and PsycINFO databases using the keywords bipolar disorder, early trauma, physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse, maltreatment, adversity, and neglect. RESULTS Twenty-eight articles were selected and analyzed. Taken together, the articles described a high prevalence of EET in BD, consisting mainly of emotional neglect/abuse (approximately 40%), particularly when compared to healthy subjects. The review also identified substantial evidence regarding an association between the presence of EET, early disease onset, rapid cycling, comorbidity with anxiety/stress disorders, and cannabis use. CONCLUSION The integration of the current findings with the identified studies reveals that (1) the methodological limitations noted by Daruy-Filho and colleagues have been largely resolved in more recent studies and (2) the presence of EET in patients with BD is associated with worse clinical outcomes, particularly early disease onset, presence of clinical or psychiatric comorbidities, suicide, and presence of psychotic episodes/symptoms. The review shows that patients with BD experience more traumatic situations than controls and that emotional trauma is the most frequent type of trauma in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Limiéri Dualibe
- From the Department of Neurosciences and Behaviour, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo State, Brazil; Brazilian National Institute of Science and Translational Technology in Medicine, Brazil (Dr. Osório)
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Palmier-Claus JE, Berry K, Bucci S, Mansell W, Varese F. Relationship between childhood adversity and bipolar affective disorder: systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Psychiatry 2016; 209:454-459. [PMID: 27758835 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.115.179655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between childhood adversity and bipolar affective disorder remains unclear. AIMS To understand the size and significance of this effect through a statistical synthesis of reported research. METHOD Search terms relating to childhood adversity and bipolar disorder were entered into Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO and Web of Science. Eligible studies included a sample diagnosed with bipolar disorder, a comparison sample and a quantitative measure of childhood adversity. RESULTS In 19 eligible studies childhood adversity was 2.63 times (95% CI 2.00-3.47) more likely to have occurred in bipolar disorder compared with non-clinical controls. The effect of emotional abuse was particularly robust (OR = 4.04, 95% CI 3.12-5.22), but rates of adversity were similar to those in psychiatric controls. CONCLUSIONS Childhood adversity is associated with bipolar disorder, which has implications for the treatment of this clinical group. Further prospective research could clarify temporal causality and explanatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Palmier-Claus
- J. E. Palmier-Claus, PhD, ClinPsyD, Psychosis Research Unit, Greater Manchester West National Health Service Foundation Trust, Manchester, and Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, University of Manchester; K. Berry, PhD, ClinPsyD, S. Bucci, DClinPsy, W. Mansell, DClinPsy, F. Varese, PhD, ClinPsyD, Section for Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - K Berry
- J. E. Palmier-Claus, PhD, ClinPsyD, Psychosis Research Unit, Greater Manchester West National Health Service Foundation Trust, Manchester, and Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, University of Manchester; K. Berry, PhD, ClinPsyD, S. Bucci, DClinPsy, W. Mansell, DClinPsy, F. Varese, PhD, ClinPsyD, Section for Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - S Bucci
- J. E. Palmier-Claus, PhD, ClinPsyD, Psychosis Research Unit, Greater Manchester West National Health Service Foundation Trust, Manchester, and Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, University of Manchester; K. Berry, PhD, ClinPsyD, S. Bucci, DClinPsy, W. Mansell, DClinPsy, F. Varese, PhD, ClinPsyD, Section for Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - W Mansell
- J. E. Palmier-Claus, PhD, ClinPsyD, Psychosis Research Unit, Greater Manchester West National Health Service Foundation Trust, Manchester, and Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, University of Manchester; K. Berry, PhD, ClinPsyD, S. Bucci, DClinPsy, W. Mansell, DClinPsy, F. Varese, PhD, ClinPsyD, Section for Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - F Varese
- J. E. Palmier-Claus, PhD, ClinPsyD, Psychosis Research Unit, Greater Manchester West National Health Service Foundation Trust, Manchester, and Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, University of Manchester; K. Berry, PhD, ClinPsyD, S. Bucci, DClinPsy, W. Mansell, DClinPsy, F. Varese, PhD, ClinPsyD, Section for Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Paavonen V, Luoto K, Koivukangas A, Lassila A, Leinonen E, Kampman O. Temperament and character profiles associated with depression and treatment response in patients with or without comorbid substance abuse. Psychiatry Res 2016; 245:250-258. [PMID: 27565696 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
There is limited knowledge on the relationship between temperament and character profiles and substance abuse comorbidity in depressed patients. We recruited 127 depressed patients without alcohol use problems (non-AUP) and 89 depressed patients with alcohol use problems (AUP). We assessed all patients using the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI-R) at baseline and after 6 weeks of treatment. Using univariate general linear models (GLMs), we analyzed differences in TCI-R between AUP and non-AUP. GLMs were also used in analyzing the associations between TCI-R changes and antidepressive treatment responses measured with changes in Montgomery Åsberg Depression Rating Scale score (ΔMADRS). Alcohol use explained independently significant proportions of the variation in Novelty Seeking, Self-Directedness, and Persistence. Reward Dependence score change explained 14.1% of the ΔMADRS in AUP, but was non-significant in non-AUP. Character score changes in Self-Directedness and Self-Transcendence explained together 14.1% of ΔMADRS in non-AUP, whereas they were all non-significant in AUP. AUP compared with non-AUP patients had lower Self-Directedness and Persistence and higher Novelty Seeking scores. Detected changes in Reward Dependence and lower Self-Directedness in AUP patients could be reflective of different biological mechanisms associated with depressive symptomatology in alcohol abuse. Changes in character are associated with acute treatment response in non-AUP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesa Paavonen
- University of Tampere, School of Medicine, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland.
| | - Kaisa Luoto
- University of Tampere, School of Medicine, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Antti Koivukangas
- Seinäjoki Hospital District, Department of Psychiatry, Huhtalantie 53, 60220 Seinäjoki, Finland
| | - Antero Lassila
- Seinäjoki Hospital District, Department of Psychiatry, Huhtalantie 53, 60220 Seinäjoki, Finland
| | - Esa Leinonen
- University of Tampere, School of Medicine, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland; Tampere University Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Olli Kampman
- University of Tampere, School of Medicine, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland; Seinäjoki Hospital District, Department of Psychiatry, Huhtalantie 53, 60220 Seinäjoki, Finland
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Jangam K, Devasthali G, Tansa KA, Raj A, Muralidharan K. Childhood abuse in adult women with unipolar depression compared to healthy women: Data from a tertiary care centre in India. Asian J Psychiatr 2016; 22:138-9. [PMID: 27520915 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2016.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Jangam
- Department of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore 560029, India; Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore 560029, India; Department of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore 560029, India; Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore 560029, India
| | - Gayatri Devasthali
- Department of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore 560029, India; Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore 560029, India; Department of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore 560029, India; Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore 560029, India
| | - K A Tansa
- Department of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore 560029, India; Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore 560029, India; Department of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore 560029, India; Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore 560029, India
| | - Aravind Raj
- Department of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore 560029, India; Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore 560029, India; Department of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore 560029, India; Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore 560029, India
| | - Kesavan Muralidharan
- Department of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore 560029, India; Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore 560029, India; Department of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore 560029, India; Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore 560029, India.
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A meta-analysis of temperament and character dimensions in patients with mood disorders: Comparison to healthy controls and unaffected siblings. J Affect Disord 2016; 194:84-97. [PMID: 26803780 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.12.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cloninger's psychobiological model of personality has been extensively applied to subjects affected by mood disorders (MOOD). However, most studies are widely heterogeneous in terms of sample size, methods of assessment, and selection of participants. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of literature and a random effects meta-analysis of studies comparing at least two of the following groups: (a) adults with a primary MOOD diagnosis (Bipolar Disorder (BP) or major depressive disorder (MDD)), (b) their unaffected siblings (SIB) or (c) healthy subjects (HS), and reporting quantitative results from the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ) or the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). Subgroup, sensitivity and meta-regression analyses were also conducted. RESULTS High Harm Avoidance and low Self-Directedness were consistently associated with MOOD and SIB samples. BP was characterized by higher scores in Novelty Seeking and Self-Transcendence than HS, SIB and MDD. Age seemed to have a negative effect on Novelty Seeking and a positive effect on Harm Avoidance, Cooperativeness and Self-Transcendence. An euthymic mood state was associated with reduced Harm Avoidance, but increased Reward Dependence, Self-Directedness and Cooperativeness. LIMITATIONS The quality of the included studies varied and was relatively low. Moreover, publication bias and heterogeneity in the distribution of effect sizes may also have limited our results. CONCLUSION High Harm Avoidance and Low Self-Directedness may be trait markers for MOOD in general, while high Novelty Seeking and high Self-Transcendence may be specific to BP. Future studies are needed to disentangle the state-trait effect of each personality dimension.
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