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Camacho-Téllez V, Castro MN, Wainsztein AE, Goldberg X, De Pino G, Costanzo EY, Cardoner N, Menchón JM, Soriano-Mas C, Guinjoan SM, Villarreal MF. Childhood adversity modulates structural brain changes in borderline personality but not in major depression disorder. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2024; 340:111803. [PMID: 38460393 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2024.111803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) negatively affect the function and structure of emotion brain circuits, increasing the risk of various psychiatric disorders. It is unclear if ACEs show disorder specificity with respect to their effects on brain structure. We aimed to investigate whether the structural brain effects of ACEs differ between patients with major depression (MDD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD). These disorders share many symptoms but likely have different etiologies. To achieve our goal, we obtained structural 3T-MRI images from 20 healthy controls (HC), 19 MDD patients, and 18 BPD patients, and measured cortical thickness and subcortical gray matter volumes. We utilized the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) questionnaire to quantify self-reported exposure to childhood trauma. Our findings suggest that individuals with MDD exhibit a smaller cortical thickness when compared to those with BPD. However, ACEs showed a significantly affected relationship with cortical thickness in BPD but not in MDD. ACEs were found to be associated with thinning in cortical regions involved in emotional behavior in BPD, whereas HC showed an opposite association. Our results suggest a potential mechanism of ACE effects on psychopathology involving changes in brain structure. These findings highlight the importance of early detection and intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Camacho-Téllez
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias Aplicadas a las Alteraciones de la Conducta (Grupo INAAC), Instituto de Neurociencias Fleni-CONICET (INEU), Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina; Departamento de Salud Mental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Argentina
| | - Mariana N Castro
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias Aplicadas a las Alteraciones de la Conducta (Grupo INAAC), Instituto de Neurociencias Fleni-CONICET (INEU), Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina; Departamento de Salud Mental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Argentina.
| | - Agustina E Wainsztein
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias Aplicadas a las Alteraciones de la Conducta (Grupo INAAC), Instituto de Neurociencias Fleni-CONICET (INEU), Argentina; Servicio de Psiquiatría, Fleni, Argentina
| | - Ximena Goldberg
- Mental Health Department, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain; CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain; ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gabriela De Pino
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias Aplicadas a las Alteraciones de la Conducta (Grupo INAAC), Instituto de Neurociencias Fleni-CONICET (INEU), Argentina; Laboratorio de Neuroimágenes, Departamento de Imágenes, Fleni, Argentina; Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Argentina
| | - Elsa Y Costanzo
- Departamento de Salud Mental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Argentina; Servicio de Psiquiatría, Fleni, Argentina
| | - Narcís Cardoner
- CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain; Sant Pau Mental Health Research Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine Bellaterra, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José M Menchón
- CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain; Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, Bellvitge Campus, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Soriano-Mas
- CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain; Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Salvador M Guinjoan
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma University, and Oxley College, Tulsa University, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Mirta F Villarreal
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias Aplicadas a las Alteraciones de la Conducta (Grupo INAAC), Instituto de Neurociencias Fleni-CONICET (INEU), Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina; Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, UBA, Argentina
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Kavanaugh BC, Vigne MM, Tirrell E, Luke Acuff W, Fukuda AM, Thorpe R, Sherman A, Jones SR, Carpenter LL, Tyrka AR. Frontoparietal beta event characteristics are associated with early life stress and psychiatric symptoms in adults. Brain Cogn 2024; 177:106164. [PMID: 38670050 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Recent work has found that the presence of transient, oscillatory burst-like events, particularly within the beta band (15-29 Hz), is more closely tied to disease state and behavior across species than traditional electroencephalography (EEG) power metrics. This study sought to examine whether features of beta events over frontoparietal electrodes were associated with early life stress (ELS) and the related clinical presentation. Eighteen adults with documented ELS (n = 18; ELS + ) and eighteen adults without documented ELS (n = 18; ELS-) completed eyes-closed resting state EEG as part of their participation in a larger childhood stress study. The rate, power, duration, and frequency span of transient oscillatory events were calculated within the beta band at five frontoparietal electrodes. ELS variables were positively associated with beta event rate at Fp2 and beta event duration at Pz, in that greater ELS was associated with higher resting rates and longer durations. These beta event characteristics were used to successfully distinguish between ELS + and ELS- groups. In an independent clinical dataset (n = 25), beta event power at Pz was positively correlated with ELS. Beta events deserve ongoing investigation as a potential disease marker of ELS and subsequent psychiatric treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian C Kavanaugh
- E.P. Bradley Hospital, Riverside RI, USA, Brown University; Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence RI, USA.
| | - Megan M Vigne
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence RI, USA; Butler Hospital COBRE Center for Neuromodulation, Providence RI, USA
| | - Eric Tirrell
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence RI, USA; Butler Hospital COBRE Center for Neuromodulation, Providence RI, USA
| | - W Luke Acuff
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence RI, USA; Butler Hospital COBRE Center for Neuromodulation, Providence RI, USA
| | - Andrew M Fukuda
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence RI, USA; Butler Hospital COBRE Center for Neuromodulation, Providence RI, USA
| | - Ryan Thorpe
- Brown University, Department of Neuroscience, Providence RI, USA , Providence Veteran's Association Medical Center
| | - Anna Sherman
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence RI, USA; Butler Hospital COBRE Center for Neuromodulation, Providence RI, USA
| | - Stephanie R Jones
- Brown University, Department of Neuroscience, Providence RI, USA , Providence Veteran's Association Medical Center; Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology, Providence RI, USA
| | - Linda L Carpenter
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence RI, USA; Butler Hospital COBRE Center for Neuromodulation, Providence RI, USA
| | - Audrey R Tyrka
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence RI, USA; Butler Hospital COBRE Center for Neuromodulation, Providence RI, USA
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Sahle BW, Reavley NJ, Morgan AJ, Yap MBH, Reupert A, Jorm AF. How much do adverse childhood experiences contribute to adolescent anxiety and depression symptoms? Evidence from the longitudinal study of Australian children. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:289. [PMID: 38632617 PMCID: PMC11022337 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05752-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aims to: (i) examine the association between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and elevated anxiety and depressive symptoms in adolescents; and (ii) estimate the burden of anxiety and depressive symptoms attributable to ACEs.Data were analyzed from 3089 children followed between Waves 1 (age 4-5 years) and 7 (16-17 years) of the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children. Logistic regression was used to estimate the associations between ACEs and child-reported elevated anxiety and depressive symptoms at age 16-17. Anxiety and depressive symptoms were measured using the Children's Anxiety Scale and Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire, respectively. The punaf command available in STATA 14 was used to calculate the population attributable fraction (PAF).Before the age of 18 years, 68.8% of the children had experienced two or more ACEs. In the analysis adjusted for confounding factors, including co-occurring ACEs, both history and current exposure to bullying victimisation and parental psychological distress were associated with a statistically significant increased likelihood of elevated anxiety and depressive symptoms at age 16-17. Overall, 47% of anxiety symptoms (95% CI for PAF: 35-56) and 21% of depressive symptoms (95% CI: 12-29) were attributable to a history of bullying victimisation. Similarly, 17% (95% CI: 11-25%) of anxiety and 15% (95% CI: 4-25%) of depressive symptoms at age 16-17 years were attributable to parental psychological distress experienced between the ages of 4-15 years.The findings demonstrate that intervention to reduce ACEs, especially parental psychological distress and bullying victimisation, may reduce the substantial burden of mental disorders in the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berhe W Sahle
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, 207 Bouverie Street, Carlton, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.
| | - Nicola J Reavley
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, 207 Bouverie Street, Carlton, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Amy J Morgan
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, 207 Bouverie Street, Carlton, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Marie Bee Hui Yap
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, 207 Bouverie Street, Carlton, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
- School of Psychological Sciences and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrea Reupert
- Faculty of Education, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anthony F Jorm
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, 207 Bouverie Street, Carlton, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
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Ding K, Lei M. From the early scars to the vicissitudes of old age: A bibliometric analysis revealing childhood adversity and aging. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024:107038. [PMID: 38609808 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.107038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adversity suffered in childhood may profoundly affect aging over the subsequent life cycle. The field of childhood adversity and aging has amassed a certain number of publications, but there are no bibliometric studies in this field. METHODS Publications in 10 years on childhood adversity and aging were searched in the Web of Science Core Collection. Bibliometric tools were used to analyze and visualize these publications by country, institution, journal, author, keyword, research area, and co-citation. RESULTS Four hundred thirty-five publications were retrieved from 2014 to September 21, 2023, with a 4.9% annual growth rate. The United States (251), University of California, San Francisco (59), Elissa S. Epel (11), and Psychoneuroendocrinology (29) were the countries, institutions, authors, and journals contributing the highest number of publications in this field, respectively. "Early-life stress" (87), "depression" (82), "childhood trauma" (69), and "aging" (60) were the keywords that appeared more frequently. CONCLUSIONS This is the first bibliometric study on childhood adversity and aging. The United States dominates the field regarding publication numbers, research institutions, and researchers. Publications in this field are interdisciplinary, covering several critical subject areas and having far-reaching impacts, with gerontology, neurosciences, psychology, and psychiatry at the core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixi Ding
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Ming Lei
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China.
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Lü W, Ma Y, Wei X, Zhang L. Social interaction anxiety and sleep quality in youth: Individual difference in childhood adversity and cardiac vagal control. J Affect Disord 2024; 350:681-688. [PMID: 38272358 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social interaction anxiety and sleep problems are prevalent during adolescence. Social interaction anxiety undermines sleep quality, however, little is known whether the association between social interaction anxiety and sleep quality is moderated by environmental factors such as childhood adversity and individual factors such as cardiac vagal control. This study sought to investigate the moderating effects of childhood adversity and cardiac vagal control on the link between social interaction anxiety and sleep quality. METHOD The Social Interaction Anxiety Scale, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire were administered to 274 adolescents, who received 3-min resting ECG recording to assess respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) as an index of cardiac vagal control. RESULTS Social interaction anxiety was negatively associated with sleep quality, and this association was moderated by childhood adversity and cardiac vagal control. In specific, social interaction anxiety was negatively associated with sleep quality among adolescents with low childhood adversity regardless of cardiac vagal control. Sleep quality was generally disrupted when adolescents exposed to high childhood adversity, but the negative association between social interaction anxiety and sleep quality among adolescents with high childhood adversity could be amortized by high cardiac vagal control. LIMITATIONS Cross-sectional design precluded establishing causality among variables. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that high cardiac vagal control reflecting better self-regulation might buffer the negative effect of social interaction anxiety on sleep quality particularly among adolescents exposed to early life stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lü
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, Shaanxi Key Research Center for Children Mental and Behavior Health, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, China.
| | - Yunqingli Ma
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, Shaanxi Key Research Center for Children Mental and Behavior Health, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, China
| | - Xiaomin Wei
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, Shaanxi Key Research Center for Children Mental and Behavior Health, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, China
| | - Liangyi Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, Shaanxi Key Research Center for Children Mental and Behavior Health, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, China
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Knipschild R, Hein I, Pieters S, Lindauer R, Bicanic IAE, Staal W, de Jongh A, Klip H. Childhood adversity in a youth psychiatric population: prevalence and associated mental health problems. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2024; 15:2330880. [PMID: 38530708 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2024.2330880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Childhood adversity can have lasting negative effects on physical and mental health. This study contributes to the existing literature by describing the prevalence rates and mental health outcomes related to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) among adolescents registered for mental health care.Methods: Participants in this cross-sectional study were youths (aged 12-18 years) who were referred to outpatient psychiatric departments in the Netherlands. Demographic information was collected from the medical records. The Child Trauma Screening Questionnaire (CTSQ) was used to examine the presence of ACEs and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). To assess mental health problems, we used the Dutch translation of the Youth Self Report. Descriptive statistics and frequencies were used to calculate prevalence rates across the various ACEs domains. ANOVA and chi-square tests were used to explore the relationship between ACEs and mental health.Results: Of the 1373 participants, 69.1% reported having experienced at least one ACE and 17.1% indicated exposure to four or more ACEs in their lives. Although there was substantial overlap among all ACE categories, the most frequently reported were bullying (49.2%), emotional abuse (17.8%), physical abuse (12.2%), and sexual abuse (10.1%). Female adolescents (72.7%) reported significantly more ACEs than their male counterparts (27.0%). Furthermore, a higher number of ACEs was associated with significantly more self-reported general mental health problems, an elevated prevalence of both mood and post-traumatic stress disorders, and a greater presence of two or more co-existing psychiatric diagnoses (comorbid psychiatric classification).Conclusions: This cross-sectional study on childhood adversity and its association with mental health showed that ACEs are highly prevalent in youth registered for mental health care. This study provides support for a graded and cumulative relationship between childhood adversity and mental health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rik Knipschild
- Karakter, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Almelo, the Netherlands
| | - Irma Hein
- Levvel Academic Center for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sara Pieters
- Karakter, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Almelo, the Netherlands
- Department of Psychology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ramon Lindauer
- Levvel Academic Center for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Iva A E Bicanic
- National Psychotrauma Centre for Children and Youth, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Wouter Staal
- Karakter, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Almelo, the Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Leiden Institution for Brain and Cognition, the Netherlands
| | - Ad de Jongh
- Psychotrauma Expertise Centre (PSYTREC), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
- Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam, and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- School of Health Sciences, Salford University, Manchester, UK
- Institute of Health and Society, University of Worcester, Worcester, UK
- School of Psychology, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Helen Klip
- Karakter, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Almelo, the Netherlands
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Gecha TC, Glass IV, Frankenburg FR, Sharp C, Zanarini MC. Experiential avoidance in participants with borderline personality disorder and other personality disorders. Borderline Personal Disord Emot Dysregul 2024; 11:6. [PMID: 38433260 PMCID: PMC10910803 DOI: 10.1186/s40479-024-00248-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study has descriptive and predictive aims. The descriptive aims were to determine if participants with borderline personality disorder (BPD) reported higher levels of experiential avoidance (EA) than participants with other personality disorders (OPD) as well as determine if non-recovered participants with BPD reported higher levels of EA than participants with BPD who have recovered symptomatically and psychosocially. The predictive aim was to determine if the level of EA reported by participants with BPD was predicted by the severity of aspects of childhood or adult adversity and/or aspects of temperament. METHODS The Overall Anxiety Severity and Impairment Scale (OASIS) was administered to 248 participants at 24-year follow-up in the McLean Study of Adult Development (MSAD). Adversity and temperament were assessed during index admission using interviews (Revised Childhood Experience Questionnaire [CEQ-R], Adult History Interview [AHI], and the NEO-FFI self-report measure). RESULTS Participants with BPD reported significantly higher levels of EA than those with OPD. Within the BPD group, non-recovered participants reported significantly higher levels of EA than recovered participants. Severity of childhood sexual abuse and lower levels of extraversion were found to be significant multivariate predictors of levels of EA in those with BPD. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results suggest that EA is a serious problem for participants with BPD, particularly those who have not recovered. They also suggest that both the severity of childhood adversity and a temperament marked by lower levels of extroversion are significantly related to levels of EA reported by participants with BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabel V Glass
- McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, 02478, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Frances R Frankenburg
- Edith Nourse Rogers Veterans Administration Hospital, Bedford, MA, USA
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Mary C Zanarini
- McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, 02478, Belmont, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Hinojosa MS, Hinojosa R. Positive and adverse childhood experiences and mental health outcomes of children. Child Abuse Negl 2024; 149:106603. [PMID: 38141478 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Researchers and policymakers have identified adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) like abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction as a contributing factor to poor mental health outcomes for children. Positive childhood experiences (PCEs) like open family communication styles, having the ability to live and play in a safe, stable, and protective environment, having constructive opportunities for social engagement, and receiving mentorship from adults have been found to improve the mental health of children. PURPOSE This paper explores the role of ACEs and PCEs on the mental health outcomes of children. METHOD A sample of 22,628 children ages 6-17 from the National Survey of Children's Health (2017-2020) was used to explore the relationship between PCEs and ACEs and the mental health of children. Logistic regression analysis is used to model the effect of PCEs and ACEs on the odds of child mental health diagnoses. RESULTS Findings indicate that with each additional ACE, there was a significant increase in the odds of reporting a MH condition (OR = 1.25, 95 % CI 1.09-1.43). Conversely, with each additional PCE, there is a significant decrease in the odds or reporting a MH condition (OR = 0.76, 95 % CI 0.68-0.84). There was also evidence that PCEs moderate the relationship between ACEs and reports of mental health conditions. When counts of ACEs are low, PCEs provide a protective effect on reports of mental health. But when the count of ACEs are high, children with higher numbers of PCEs have similar reports of mental health conditions. SUMMARY This study provides information about the moderating effect of PCEs on the relationship between ACEs and child mental health diagnosis with the goal of informing policies and interventions focused on ameliorating the growing crisis of children's negative mental health and well-being. WHAT IS KNOWN?: Adverse childhood events (ACEs) like abuse, neglect and household dysfunction are known to negatively impact the mental health and well-being of children. Positive childhood experiences (PCEs), on the other hand, can positively influence the mental health and well-being of children. WHAT DOES THIS ARTICLE ADD?: This study examines the association between adverse and positive childhood experiences to understand how they impact the mental health outcomes of children ages 6-17. Findings indicate that when ACEs are lower, the impact of PCEs are positive, but when ACEs are higher, PCEs do not make much difference in reports of mental health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Sberna Hinojosa
- University of Central Florida, College of Sciences, Department of Sociology, 4297 Andromeda Loop N., Orlando, FL 32816, United States of America.
| | - Ramon Hinojosa
- University of Central Florida, College of Sciences, Department of Sociology, 4297 Andromeda Loop N., Orlando, FL 32816, United States of America.
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Yu C, Zhang X, Wang Y, Mao F, Cao F. Stress begets stress: The moderating role of childhood adversity in the relationship between job stress and sleep quality among nurses. J Affect Disord 2024; 348:345-352. [PMID: 38171417 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.12.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nurses exhibit considerable variations in sleep quality and experience high job stress levels. Distal factors, such as childhood adversity, and proximal factors, both influence sleep quality. We investigated the moderating role of childhood adversity with job stress and sleep quality, and whether this aligns with the stress-sensitization or stress-amplification models. METHODS The impact of job stressors' total score and its dimensions on sleep quality was analyzed using traditional linear regression models and the extreme gradient boosting machine learning algorithm. The hierarchical regression examined the moderating role of childhood adversity in the relationship between job stress and sleep quality. An interactive tool was used to visualize the results. RESULTS Among the dimensions of job stress, "time allocation and workload" strongly correlated with sleep quality, followed by "nursing profession and work problems," "patient care issues," "management and interpersonal problems," and "working environment and equipment problems." The moderating role of childhood adversity in the relationship between different dimensions of job stressors (except working environment and equipment problems) and sleep quality aligns with the stress-sensitization model. LIMITATIONS This study was susceptible to recall bias and objective sleep data were unavailable. Cross-sectional study design was used, thus limiting causal inferences. Finally, the moderating effect of childhood adversity on subsequent stress among nurses remains unclear. CONCLUSION Childhood adversity and job stress were integrated into a stress-sensitization model, providing a nuanced and specific examination of sleep quality. Healthcare policymakers should focus on job stress and childhood adversity, improve nurses' sleep quality, and ultimately benefit patient care and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Yu
- Department of Health Psychology, School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, No.44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Health Psychology, School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, No.44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Health Psychology, School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, No.44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, China
| | - Fangxiang Mao
- Department of Health Psychology, School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, No.44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, China
| | - Fenglin Cao
- Department of Health Psychology, School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, No.44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, China.
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Hedrick MJ, Bonnagio T, Sellers EW, Clements AD. The cognitive tasks and event-related potentials associated childhood adversity: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 158:105573. [PMID: 38331129 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
In this systematic review, 18 articles met inclusion criteria to be qualitatively analyzed for converging evidence of brain activity, measured using event-related potential (ERP), related to retrospectively reported childhood adversity/trauma. Using the PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews, 917 articles were assessed for inclusion and were filtered using study parameters. The most common ERP components listed in the literature were P100, N170, N200, P200, P300, ERN, and LPP. We discuss levels of evidence for changed brain activity, each ERP component, and the tasks used to evoke them. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire was found to be the most commonly cited measure. We note the need to assess the duration and intensity of childhood adversity/trauma measurements in the strengths and limitations of the reported childhood adversity/trauma measurements. No concrete converging evidence was found to support a relationship between ERP-measured brain activity and retrospectively reported childhood adversity/trauma. Thus, a discussion of limitations and future directions for this field of research is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Jo Hedrick
- Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University, USA.
| | | | - Eric W Sellers
- Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University, USA
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11
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Zhang K, Wang Y, Sun Y, Gao L, Lu Y, Wang N. Self-reported childhood adversity, unhealthy lifestyle and risk of new-onset chronic kidney disease in later life: A prospective cohort study. Soc Sci Med 2024; 341:116510. [PMID: 38159486 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prospective relation of childhood adversity with the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the association of childhood adversity with new-onset CKD and examine the potential modifications by unhealthy lifestyle on this association. METHODS A total of 115,453 adults without prior CKD at baseline were included from UK Biobank (2006-2010). Childhood adversity was retrospectively evaluated through online Childhood Trauma Screener in 2016. Six common lifestyle factors including smoking, body mass index, sleep, diet, physical activity and alcohol consumption, were combined into an unhealthy lifestyle score. New-onset CKD was the primary outcome. RESULT The average age of participants in the study was 55.3 (SD, 7.7) years, and 39.3% of them were male. During a median follow-up duration of 14.1 years, 1905 participants developed new-onset CKD. Childhood adversity was significantly positively related with the risk of new-onset CKD in dose-response pattern. Each additional type of childhood adversity was associated with a 12% increment in the risk of developing CKD (adjusted hazard ratio (HR)1.12; 95% CI 1.08, 1.16). Among participants with high unhealthy lifestyle score, those with 4-5 types of childhood adversity increased the 1.73-fold risk of incident CKD (95% CI 1.17, 2.54) compared with those free of any childhood adversity. However, no statistically significant interaction was observed between unhealthy lifestyle and childhood adversity for new-onset CKD (P interaction = 0.734). CONCLUSIONS Childhood adversity was significantly associated with an increased risk of new-onset CKD in a dose-response pattern regardless of unhealthy lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhang
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yuying Wang
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Ling Gao
- Scientific Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 250021, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yingli Lu
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Ningjian Wang
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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12
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Elsenburg LK, Rieckmann A, Bengtsson J, Jensen AK, Rod NH. Application of life course trajectory methods to public health data: A comparison of sequence analysis and group-based multi-trajectory modeling for modelling childhood adversity trajectories. Soc Sci Med 2024; 340:116449. [PMID: 38091856 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
There is increasing awareness of the importance of modelling life course trajectories to unravel how social, economic and health factors relate to health over time. Different methods have been developed and applied in public health to classify individuals into groups based on characteristics of their life course. However, the application and results of different methods are rarely compared. We compared the application and results of two methods to classify life course trajectories of individuals, i.e. sequence analysis and group-based multi-trajectory modeling (GBTM), using public health data. We used high-resolution Danish nationwide register data on 926,160 individuals born between 1987 and 2001, including information on the yearly occurrence of 7 childhood adversities in 2 dimensions (i.e. family poverty and family dynamics). We constructed childhood adversity trajectories from 0 to 15 years by applying (1) sequence analysis using optimal matching and cluster analysis using Ward's method and (2) GBTM using logistic and zero-inflated Poisson regressions. We identified 2 to 8 cluster solutions using both methods and determined the optimal solution for both methods. Both methods generated a low adversity, a poverty, and a consistent or high adversity cluster. The 5-cluster solution using sequence analysis additionally included a household psychiatric illness and a late adversity cluster. The 4-group solution using GBTM additionally included a moderate adversity cluster. Compared with the solution obtained through sequence analysis, the solution obtained through GBTM contained fewer individuals in the low adversity cluster and more in the other clusters. We find that the two methods generate qualitatively similar solutions, but the quantitative distributions of children over the groups are different. The method of choice depends on the type of data available and the research question of interest. We provide a comprehensive overview of important considerations and benefits and drawbacks of both methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie K Elsenburg
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Andreas Rieckmann
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jessica Bengtsson
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Kryger Jensen
- Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Naja Hulvej Rod
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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13
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Kavanaugh BC, Parade S, Seifer R, McLaughlin NCR, Tirrell E, Festa EK, Oberman LM, Novick AM, Carpenter LL, Tyrka AR. Childhood stress, gender, and cognitive control: Midline theta power. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 169:298-306. [PMID: 38070470 PMCID: PMC10997405 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of psychiatric symptoms is a common consequence of childhood stress exposure. However, there are a dearth of reliable clinical hallmarks or physiological biomarkers to predict post-trauma symptom emergence. The objective of this study was to examine if childhood stressors and stress-related symptoms are associated with altered midline theta power (MTP) during cognitive control demands, and how these associations interact with gender and early adversity. N = 53 children (ages 9-13 years old) from a longitudinal study of children maltreated during early childhood and non-maltreated children participated in this study. EEG recorded neural activity during a Zoo-Themed Go/No-Go task. Stress-related symptoms, recent stressful events, and other adversity experiences were identified. MTP was analyzed with clinical variables in a series of follow-up analyses. The number of stressors in the past six months was negatively correlated with MTP in those with low preschool adversity, but not in those with high preschool adversity. MTP was higher in girls than in boys, and the associations of MTP with stressors and symptoms were moderated by gender. MTP was negatively associated with stressors in the past six months in girls, while in boys, MTP was associated with stress-related symptoms. Childhood stressful events were associated with reduced MTP during cognitive control demands, and this was finding was moderated by gender and early life adversity. These preliminary findings suggest that boys and girls may process stressful experiences in distinct ways, and preschool adversity may potentially blunt the interaction between current stress and neural dynamics. However, ongoing investigation is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian C Kavanaugh
- E. P. Bradley Hospital, United States; Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, Brown University, United States.
| | - Stephanie Parade
- E. P. Bradley Hospital, United States; Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, Brown University, United States
| | - Ronald Seifer
- Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Nicole C R McLaughlin
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, Brown University, United States; Butler Hospital, United States
| | - Eric Tirrell
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, Brown University, United States; Butler Hospital, United States
| | - Elena K Festa
- Department of Department of Cognitive, Linguistic, and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, United States
| | | | - Andrew M Novick
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, United States
| | - Linda L Carpenter
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, Brown University, United States; Butler Hospital, United States
| | - Audrey R Tyrka
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, Brown University, United States; Butler Hospital, United States
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14
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Kautz MM, McArthur BA, Moriarity DP, Ellman LM, Klugman J, Coe CL, Abramson LY, Alloy LB. The Impact of Early and Recent Life Stress on Trajectories of Inflammatory Biomarkers in a Diverse Sample of Adolescents. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2023; 51:1883-1894. [PMID: 36786893 PMCID: PMC10642298 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-023-01026-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Elevated inflammatory activity is one possible pathway through which exposure to childhood adversity engenders risk for physical and psychiatric illnesses. Limited research has investigated the compounding effects of childhood and adolescent stress exposure on changes in circulating levels of inflammatory biomarkers. This study assessed whether childhood adversity interacted with chronic or acute stress during adolescence to affect the temporal trajectories of five inflammatory biomarkers across at least three blood draws in a diverse sample of adolescents (N = 134; observations = 462). Using multilevel modeling, the interaction of childhood adversity, time, and within-person variance of acute stressors significantly predicted trajectories of higher interleukin-10 levels, controlling for demographics, medication use, and body mass index. Adolescents with high levels of childhood adversity who were exposed to a higher frequency of acute stressors compared to their own average rate of stress exposure consistently had higher levels of IL-10 as they got older, but those with average and below frequency of acute stressors had decreasing trajectories of log IL-10 as they matured. The results demonstrate how events early in life shape biological responses to the adolescent environment. This study also highlights the importance of developmental timing on the body's enhanced reactivity to acute and sustained stressors following childhood adversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marin M Kautz
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, Weiss Hall, 1701 N. 13th St., Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | | | - Daniel P Moriarity
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, Weiss Hall, 1701 N. 13th St., Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Lauren M Ellman
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, Weiss Hall, 1701 N. 13th St., Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Joshua Klugman
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, Weiss Hall, 1701 N. 13th St., Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Christopher L Coe
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Lyn Y Abramson
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Lauren B Alloy
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, Weiss Hall, 1701 N. 13th St., Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA.
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15
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Jung JH, Lee H. Childhood Adversity and Passive Suicidal Ideation in Later Life in the United States: Does Religious Attendance Matter? J Relig Health 2023; 62:3739-3759. [PMID: 37773487 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-023-01917-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
This study examines whether adverse childhood experiences are associated with passive suicidal ideation in later life and whether religious attendance moderates this association among U.S. older adults. To this end, logistic regression analyses were conducted using data from the 2016 Health and Retirement Study. The results show that poor childhood health, lack of parental affection, and childhood trauma are all positively associated with passive suicidal ideation in later life. However, religious attendance modifies the association between childhood health and passive suicidal ideation. For instance, poor childhood health is associated with greater odds of passive suicidal ideation only for older adults who never attend religious services, while this is not the case for those who attend religious services. Yet, the associations of parental affection and childhood trauma with passive suicidal ideation do not appear to differ by religious attendance. We discuss the theoretical implications of these findings for views about childhood adversity, religion, and suicide risk in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hyun Jung
- Department of Sociology, Sungkyunkwan University, 25-2 Sungkyunkwan-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03063, South Korea.
| | - Haena Lee
- Department of Sociology, Sungkyunkwan University, 25-2 Sungkyunkwan-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03063, South Korea
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16
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Nguyen PT, Gordon CT, Owens EB, Hinshaw SP. Patterns of Childhood Adversity among Women with and without Childhood ADHD: Links to Adult Psychopathology and Global Functioning. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2023; 51:1813-1825. [PMID: 36399241 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-022-00994-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We examine the outcomes associated with childhood adversity for women with and without carefully diagnosed childhood ADHD, via an ethnically diverse sample of 140 participants with ADHD (Mage = 9.7) and 88 age- and ethnicity-matched comparisons (Mage = 9.4). At adult follow-up, we retained 211 of the original 228 participants (92.6%; Mage = 25.6). We used latent class analysis to identify patterns of childhood adversity and examine their association with adult global functioning and psychopathology. Key findings: (1) Four childhood adversity classes emerged (Low Exposure, Familial Dysfunction, Emotional Maltreatment, Pervasive Exposure); (2) Childhood ADHD predicted membership in the Emotional Maltreatment class; and (3) Childhood adversity classes were differently associated with adult outcomes, such that membership in both the Emotional Maltreatment and Pervasive Exposure classes predicted significantly higher internalizing and externalizing symptoms as well as significantly lower global functioning than women in the Low Exposure class. Furthermore, compared to the Emotional Maltreatment class, the Familial Dysfunction class had lower externalizing symptoms, whereas the Pervasive Exposure class had lower global functioning and higher internalizing symptoms by adulthood. Findings provide information about girls and women who could be targeted for intervention in terms of ADHD behavior patterns plus adverse experiences in childhood. Beyond limitations, we discuss the need to investigate the confluence of neurodevelopmental conditions and adverse child events with respect to maladaptive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuc T Nguyen
- University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Chanelle T Gordon
- Child and Family Translational Research Center, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE, USA
| | | | - Stephen P Hinshaw
- University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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17
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McLaughlin KA, Weissman DG, Flournoy J. Challenges with Latent Variable Approaches to Operationalizing Dimensions of Childhood adversity - a Commentary on Sisitsky et al. (2023). Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2023; 51:1809-1811. [PMID: 37581854 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-023-01114-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Childhood adversity is a common, powerful risk factor for future mental and physical health problems. Appropriately aggregating and categorizing discrete adverse experiences into cumulative indices remains an active area of research and debate in the field of developmental psychopathology. In a recent article by Sisitsky et al. (2013), they report using confirmatory factor analysis and latent profile analysis to categorize participants into "profiles" of childhood adversity. In this commentary, we argue that categorizing dimensions or profiles of childhood adversity based on the tendency of adversities to co-occur is misaligned with dimensional models of adversity, which derive underlying dimensions from their tendency to cumulatively predict certain outcomes rather than adversity co-occurrence. We summarize the history of theories and methods of operationalizing childhood adversity that led to the development of the dimensional model of adversity and psychopathology. We then explain why latent variable approaches, which simply reflect the tendency of adverse experiences to co-occur, are inappropriate for validating any given approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie A McLaughlin
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, 33 Kirkland Street, 02138, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - David G Weissman
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, 33 Kirkland Street, 02138, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - John Flournoy
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, 33 Kirkland Street, 02138, Cambridge, MA, USA
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18
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König M, Berhe O, Ioannidis K, Orellana S, Davidson E, Kaser M, Moreno-López L, van Harmelen AL. The stress-buffering role of friendships in young people with childhood threat experiences: a preliminary report. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2023; 14:2281971. [PMID: 38154076 PMCID: PMC10990450 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2023.2281971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: High-quality friendships have a positive impact on the mental health of young people with childhood adversity (CA). Social stress buffering, the phenomenon of a social partner attenuating acute stress responses, is a potential yet unexplored mechanism that may underlie this relationship.Objective: This study examined whether perceived friendship quality was related to better mental health and lower neural stress response in young people with CA.Method: A total of N = 102 young people (aged 16-26) with low to moderate CA were included in the study. We first investigated associations between friendship quality, mental health, and CA. In a representative subset (n = 62), we assessed neural stress responses using the Montreal Imaging Stress Task. In our sample, CA was best described along two dimensions resembling threat or deprivation like experiences. Hence, we investigated both cumulative and dimensional effects of CA.Results: We found no support for social thinning after CA, meaning that the severity of CA (cumulative or dimensional) did not differentially impact friendship quality. High-quality friendships, on the other hand, were strongly associated with better mental health. Furthermore, acute stress increased state anxiety and enhanced neural activity in five frontolimbic brain regions, including the left hippocampus. We found weak support that threat experiences interacted with friendship quality to predict left hippocampal reactivity to stress. However, this effect did not survive multiple comparison correction.Conclusion: The absence of social thinning in our sample may suggest that the risk of developing impoverished social networks is low for rather well-functioning young people with low to moderate CA. Regardless, our findings align with prior research, consistently showing a strong association between high-quality friendships and better mental health in young people with CA. Future research is needed to examine whether friendships aid neural stress responses in young people with childhood threat experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian König
- Institute of Education and Child Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Oksana Berhe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Ioannidis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sofia Orellana
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eugenia Davidson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Muzaffer Kaser
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - RAISE Consortium
- Institute of Education and Child Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Laura Moreno-López
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anne-Laura van Harmelen
- Institute of Education and Child Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
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Kenézlői E, Csernela E, Nemoda Z, Lakatos K, Czéh B, Unoka ZS, Simon M, Réthelyi JM. Psychometric properties of the Hungarian childhood trauma questionnaire short form and its validity in patients with adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder or borderline personality disorder. Borderline Personal Disord Emot Dysregul 2023; 10:33. [PMID: 37974230 PMCID: PMC10655266 DOI: 10.1186/s40479-023-00239-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compelling evidence supports the role of childhood traumatization in the etiology of psychiatric disorders, including adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (aADHD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD). The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Hungarian version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire Short Form (H-CTQ-SF) and to investigate the differences between patients diagnosed with aADHD and BPD in terms of early traumatization. METHODS Altogether 765 (mean age = 32.8 years, 67.7% women) patients and control subjects were enrolled from different areas of Hungary. Principal component analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were carried out to explore the factor structure of H-CTQ-SF and test the validity of the five-factor structure. Discriminative validity was assessed by comparing clinical and non-clinical samples. Subsequently, aADHD and BPD subgroups were compared with healthy controls to test for the role of early trauma in aADHD without comorbid BPD. Convergent validity was explored by measuring correlations with subscales of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5). RESULTS The five scales of the H-CTQ-SF demonstrated adequate internal consistency and reliability values. The five-factor model fitted the Hungarian version well after exclusion of one item from the physical neglect scale because of its cross-loading onto the emotional neglect subscale. The H-CTQ-SF effectively differentiated between the clinical and non-clinical samples. The BPD, but not the aADHD group showed significant differences in each CTQ domain compared with the healthy control group. All CTQ domains, except for physical abuse, demonstrated medium to high correlations with PID-5 emotional lability, anxiousness, separation insecurity, withdrawal, intimacy avoidance, anhedonia, depressivity, suspiciousness, and hostility subscales. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirmed the psychometric properties of the H-CTQ-SF, an easy-to-administer, non-invasive, ethically sound questionnaire. In aADHD patients without comorbid BPD, low levels of traumatization in every CTQ domain were comparable to those of healthy control individuals. Thus, the increased level of traumatization found in previous studies of aADHD might be associated with the presence of comorbid BPD. Our findings also support the role of emotional neglect, emotional abuse and sexual abuse in the development of BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Kenézlői
- Doctoral School of Mental Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Csernela
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Nemoda
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Lakatos
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Boldizsár Czéh
- Neurobiology of Stress Research Group, Szentágothai János Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Szabolcs Unoka
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mária Simon
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - János M Réthelyi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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20
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Zhang L, Rakesh D, Cropley V, Whittle S. Neurobiological correlates of resilience during childhood and adolescence - A systematic review. Clin Psychol Rev 2023; 105:102333. [PMID: 37690325 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2023.102333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Research examining the neurobiological mechanisms of resilience has grown rapidly over the past decade. However, there is vast heterogeneity in research study design, methods, and in how resilience is operationalized, making it difficult to gauge what we currently know about resilience biomarkers. This preregistered systematic review aimed to review and synthesize the extant literature to identify neurobiological correlates of resilience to adversity during childhood and adolescence. Literature searches on MEDLINE and PsycINFO yielded 3834 studies and a total of 49 studies were included in the final review. Findings were synthesized based on how resilience was conceptualized (e.g., absence of psychopathology, trait resilience), and where relevant, the type of outcome examined (e.g., internalizing symptoms, post-traumatic stress disorder). Our synthesis showed that findings were generally mixed. Nevertheless, some consistent findings suggest that resilience neural mechanisms may involve prefrontal and subcortical regions structure/activity, as well as connectivity between these regions. Given substantial heterogeneity in the definition and operationalization of resilience, more methodological consistency across studies is required for advancing knowledge in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Divyangana Rakesh
- Neuroimaging Department, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Psychology, Harvard University, MA, USA
| | - Vanessa Cropley
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sarah Whittle
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Australia
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Thomas M, Rakesh D, Whittle S, Sheridan M, Upthegrove R, Cropley V. The neural, stress hormone and inflammatory correlates of childhood deprivation and threat in psychosis: A systematic review. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2023; 157:106371. [PMID: 37651860 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Childhood adversity increases the risk of developing psychosis, but the biological mechanisms involved are unknown. Disaggregating early adverse experiences into core dimensions of deprivation and threat may help to elucidate these mechanisms. We therefore systematically searched the literature investigating associations between deprivation and threat, and neural, immune and stress hormone systems in individuals on the psychosis spectrum. Our search yielded 74 articles, from which we extracted and synthesized relevant findings. While study designs were heterogeneous and findings inconsistent, some trends emerged. In psychosis, deprivation tended to correlate with lower global cortical volume, and some evidence supported threat-related variation in prefrontal cortex morphology. Greater threat exposure was also associated with higher C-reactive protein, and higher and lower cortisol measures. When examined, associations in controls were less evident. Overall, findings indicate that deprivation and threat may associate with partially distinct biological mechanisms in the psychosis spectrum, and that associations may be stronger than in controls. Dimensional approaches may help disentangle the biological correlates of childhood adversity in psychosis, but more studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Thomas
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Australia.
| | - Divyangana Rakesh
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Australia; Neuroimaging Department, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Whittle
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Australia
| | - Margaret Sheridan
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, United States
| | - Rachel Upthegrove
- Institute for Mental Health, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom; Early Intervention Service, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | - Vanessa Cropley
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Australia
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22
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Zhang D. Elder abuse and depressive symptoms among older adults in China: The moderating role of adverse childhood experiences. J Affect Disord 2023; 339:742-749. [PMID: 37463645 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.07.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to examine: (a) the associations between elder abuse and depressive symptoms among older adults in China, and (b) the moderating role of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on the relationships between elder abuse and its subtypes and depressive symptoms. METHODS This study used the cross-sectional data from the 2018 China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey (N = 8436, mean age = 71.3, 49.3 % female). Depressive symptoms were measured as CES-D scale. Elder abuse was evaluated by physical abuse, emotional abuse, and financial exploitation. ACEs were assessed via hunger, inadequate medical care, and death of parent(s) during childhood. Multiple linear regression models and interaction terms were used. RESULTS Elder abuse was significantly associated with increased depressive symptoms. Regarding elder abuse subtypes, when physical abuse, emotional abuse, and financial exploitation were included separately in regression models, they were all associated with increased depression. However, when all three subtypes were included simultaneously, only emotional abuse remained related to higher depression. Furthermore, ACEs acted as a moderator in the link between elder abuse and depressive symptoms. Specifically, moderate exposure to ACEs (exposure to one or two ACEs) attenuated the detrimental impacts of elder abuse on depression. For elder abuse subtypes, one and two ACEs alleviate the adverse effects of financial exploitation on depressive symptoms. LIMITATIONS Cross-sectional design is the major limitation. CONCLUSIONS The findings highlight the importance of considering the moderating role of ACEs when examining the association between elder abuse and depressive symptoms in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- School of Public Administration, Hohai University, Nanjing, China.
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Agarwal K, Manza P, Tejeda HA, Courville AB, Volkow ND, Joseph PV. Risk Assessment of Maladaptive Behaviors in Adolescents: Nutrition, Screen Time, Prenatal Exposure, Childhood Adversities - Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study. J Adolesc Health 2023:S1054-139X(23)00443-3. [PMID: 37804305 PMCID: PMC10999504 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to identify significant contributing factors to the risk of maladaptive behaviors, such as alcohol use disorder or obesity, in children. To achieve this, we utilized the extensive adolescent brain cognitive development data set, which encompasses a wide range of environmental, social, and nutritional factors. METHODS We divided our sample into equal sets (test, validation; n = 3,415 each). On exploratory factor analysis, six factor domains were identified as most significant (fat/sugar intake, screen time, and prenatal alcohol exposure, parental aggressiveness, hyperactivity, family violence, parental education, and family income) and used to stratify the children into low- (n = 975), medium- (n = 967), high- (n = 977) risk groups. Regression models were used to analyze the relationship between identified risk groups, and differences in reward sensitivity, and behavioral problems at 2-year follow-up. RESULTS The functional magnetic resonance imaging analyses showed reduced activation in several brain regions during reward or loss anticipation in high/medium-risk (vs. low-risk) children on a monetary incentive delay task. High-risk children exhibited heightened middle frontal cortex activity when receiving large rewards. They also displayed increased impulsive and motivated reward-seeking behaviors, along with behavioral problems. These findings replicated in our validation set, and a negative correlation between middle frontal cortexthickness and impulsivity behavior was observed in high-risk children. DISCUSSION Our findings show altered reward function and increased impulsiveness in high-risk adolescents. This study has implications for early risk identification and the development of prevention strategies for maladaptive behaviors in children, particularly those at high risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushbu Agarwal
- Section of Sensory Science and Metabolism, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland; National Institute of Nursing Research, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Peter Manza
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Hugo A Tejeda
- Unit on Neuromodulation and Synaptic Integration, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Amber B Courville
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Nora D Volkow
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - Paule V Joseph
- Section of Sensory Science and Metabolism, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland; National Institute of Nursing Research, Bethesda, Maryland.
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24
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Malcorps S, Vliegen N, Luyten P. Childhood adversity and adolescent acting-out behaviors: the mediating role of mentalizing difficulties and epistemic vigilance. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2023:10.1007/s00787-023-02302-9. [PMID: 37787820 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02302-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Childhood adversity is a well-established risk factor for adolescent acting-out behaviors such as self-harm, bingeing, substance abuse, and aggressive behavior. From a mentalizing perspective, acting-out behaviors are understood as resulting from a combination of impairments in mentalizing and epistemic vigilance that are a consequence of childhood adversity. Yet, few studies have investigated these assumptions. The current study investigated the potential mediating role of mentalizing impairments and epistemic vigilance in the relationship between childhood adversity and acting-out behaviors in adolescents, oversampled for risk status for psychopathology (N = 451, mean age = 15.40 years). Structural equation modeling showed a strong, direct relationship between childhood adversity and acting-out behaviors, confirming the importance of traumatic childhood experiences for adolescent acting-out behaviors. This relationship was partially mediated by both mentalizing difficulties and epistemic vigilance, explaining about 40% of the total variance. These results support the importance of focusing on strengthening mentalizing abilities and lowering epistemic hypervigilance in psychotherapeutic work with adolescents who have experienced childhood trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Malcorps
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Tiensestraat 102, PO Box 3720, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Nicole Vliegen
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Tiensestraat 102, PO Box 3720, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Luyten
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Tiensestraat 102, PO Box 3720, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
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25
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ter Kuile AR, Hübel C, Cheesman R, Coleman JR, Peel AJ, Levey DF, Stein MB, Gelernter J, Rayner C, Eley TC, Breen G. Genetic Decomposition of the Heritable Component of Reported Childhood Maltreatment. Biol Psychiatry Glob Open Sci 2023; 3:716-724. [PMID: 37881567 PMCID: PMC10593925 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Decades of research have shown that environmental exposures, including self-reports of trauma, are partly heritable. Heritable characteristics may influence exposure to and interpretations of environmental factors. Identifying heritable factors associated with self-reported trauma could improve our understanding of vulnerability to exposure and the interpretation of life events. Methods We used genome-wide association study summary statistics of childhood maltreatment, defined as reporting of abuse (emotional, sexual, and physical) and neglect (emotional and physical) (N = 185,414 participants). We calculated genetic correlations (rg) between reported childhood maltreatment and 576 traits to identify phenotypes that might explain the heritability of reported childhood maltreatment, retaining those with |rg| > 0.25. We specified multiple regression models using genomic structural equation modeling to detect residual genetic variance in childhood maltreatment after accounting for genetically correlated traits. Results In 2 separate models, the shared genetic component of 12 health and behavioral traits and 7 psychiatric disorders accounted for 59% and 56% of heritability due to common genetic variants (single nucleotide polymorphism-based heritability [h2SNP]) of childhood maltreatment, respectively. Genetic influences on h2SNP of childhood maltreatment were generally accounted for by a shared genetic component across traits. The exceptions to this were general risk tolerance, subjective well-being, posttraumatic stress disorder, and autism spectrum disorder, identified as independent contributors to h2SNP of childhood maltreatment. These 4 traits alone were sufficient to explain 58% of h2SNP of childhood maltreatment. Conclusions We identified putative traits that reflect h2SNP of childhood maltreatment. Elucidating the mechanisms underlying these associations may improve trauma prevention and posttraumatic intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail R. ter Kuile
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Hübel
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rosa Cheesman
- PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jonathan R.I. Coleman
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alicia J. Peel
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel F. Levey
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Murray B. Stein
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
- Department of Psychiatry and School of Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Joel Gelernter
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Christopher Rayner
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thalia C. Eley
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gerome Breen
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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26
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Bürgin D, Clemens V, Witt A, Sachser C, Jud A, Brähler E, Strauß B, Petrowski K, Schmid M, Fegert JM. Adverse childhood experiences increase the risk for low perceived social participation and health-related quality of life in a large-scale population-based study in Germany. Child Abuse Negl 2023; 144:106382. [PMID: 37527561 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are highly prevalent and increase the risk for long-term adverse health outcomes. Next to well-known ACE-associated risks for morbidity, recent research is increasingly invested in exploring pathways towards health, overall functioning, and partaking in society following early adversity. OBJECTIVES Thus, this study aims to assess the association between latent classes of ACEs with perceived social participation and health-related Quality of Life (QoL) in a large population-based sample and to explore potential moderators of these associations. METHOD A representative sample of the German population (N = 2531; Mage = 48.7; 51 % women) was cross-sectionally investigated for ACEs, social participation (KsT-5), and health-related QoL (EuroQol-5D-5L). Latent Class Analysis (LCA) was performed to derive groups with similar ACE patterns. Multiple regression analyses were used to investigate the association of latent classes of ACEs with social participation and health-related QoL and to explore potential moderators. RESULTS Four distinct latent classes of ACEs were identified; "no/low ACEs" (N = 1968, 77.8 %); "household-dysfunction" (N = 259, 10.2 %), "child abuse and neglect" (N = 188, 7.4 %), and "polyadversity" (N = 116, 4.6 %). Compared to participants in the no/low ACE class, those in the ACE-exposed classes showed overall lower levels of perceived social participation and health-related QoL. The polyadversity class showed lower levels of social participation compared to the two other ACE-exposed classes. Chronic stress, living with a partner, education, current job/educational involvement, and gender were found to moderate these associations in exploratory analyses. CONCLUSIONS This study shows people exposed to ACEs to have a higher risk for lower perceived social participation and lower health-related QoL - an increased risk, however, is not a deterministic uninventable fortune. Reduction of chronic stress, fostering of social support, and educational and vocational paths as interventional targets are discussed to enable those with precarious starting conditions to partake in society.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bürgin
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University Ulm, Ulm, Germany; University Psychiatric Hospitals, Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Research Department (UPKKJ), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Vera Clemens
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Andreas Witt
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Cedric Sachser
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Andreas Jud
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University Ulm, Ulm, Germany; Competence Center Child Abuse and Neglect in Medicine Baden-Wurttemberg com.can, Ulm, Germany
| | - Elmar Brähler
- Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases-Behavioral Medicine, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bernhard Strauß
- Institute of Psychosocial Medicine, Psychotherapy and Psychooncology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Katja Petrowski
- Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Clinic of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Marc Schmid
- University Psychiatric Hospitals, Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Research Department (UPKKJ), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jörg M Fegert
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University Ulm, Ulm, Germany; Competence Center Child Abuse and Neglect in Medicine Baden-Wurttemberg com.can, Ulm, Germany
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27
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Ng AE, Tkach N, Alcalá HE. A window of opportunity: Adverse childhood experiences and time alone with a provider in the United States. Prev Med 2023; 175:107675. [PMID: 37633601 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2023.107675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date, there is limited literature on the relationship between Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and the quality of health care provider encounters. This is key, as people with a history of ACEs have a greater burden of illness. METHODS This study uses data from the 2020-2021 National Survey of Children's Health to examine relationships between ACEs and (1) spending less than ten minutes with a health care provider, and (2) spending time alone with a health care provider. RESULTS In general, our results suggested most ACEs were associated with higher odds of a provider spending <10 min with a child during their last preventative care visit, while ACEs were inconsistently related to spending time alone with a provider. Each additional ACE was found to be associated with higher odds of both outcomes. CONCLUSIONS This work emphasizes the importance of ACEs screening in a health care setting and may set the groundwork for future research investigating mechanisms within these associations. Given the established link between health care quality and patient-provider trust, and health outcomes, intervention work is needed to develop healthcare practices that may encourage the length and quality of health care provider visits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda E Ng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States of America
| | - Nicholas Tkach
- Department of Psychiatry, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, United States of America
| | - Héctor E Alcalá
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States of America; Program in Oncology, University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, United States of America.
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28
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Sideli L, Aas M, Quattrone D, La Barbera D, La Cascia C, Ferraro L, Alameda L, Velthorst E, Trotta G, Tripoli G, Schimmenti A, Fontana A, Gayer-Anderson C, Stilo S, Seminerio F, Sartorio C, Marrazzo G, Lasalvia A, Tosato S, Tarricone I, Berardi D, D'Andrea G, Arango C, Arrojo M, Bernardo M, Bobes J, Sanjuán J, Santos JL, Menezes PR, Del-Ben CM, Jongsma HE, Jones PB, Kirkbride JB, Llorca PM, Tortelli A, Pignon B, de Haan L, Selten JP, Van Os J, Rutten BP, Bentall R, Di Forti M, Murray RM, Morgan C, Fisher HL. The relationship between genetic liability, childhood maltreatment, and IQ: findings from the EU-GEI multicentric case-control study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2023; 58:1573-1580. [PMID: 37335320 PMCID: PMC10460355 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-023-02513-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated if the association between childhood maltreatment and cognition among psychosis patients and community controls was partially accounted for by genetic liability for psychosis. Patients with first-episode psychosis (N = 755) and unaffected controls (N = 1219) from the EU-GEI study were assessed for childhood maltreatment, intelligence quotient (IQ), family history of psychosis (FH), and polygenic risk score for schizophrenia (SZ-PRS). Controlling for FH and SZ-PRS did not attenuate the association between childhood maltreatment and IQ in cases or controls. Findings suggest that these expressions of genetic liability cannot account for the lower levels of cognition found among adults maltreated in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Sideli
- Department of Human Science, LUMSA University, Piazza delle Vaschette, 101, 00193, Rome, Italy.
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, England.
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience, and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Monica Aas
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, England
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, England
- NORMENT Centre for Psychosis Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Behavioural Sciences, OsloMet, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Diego Quattrone
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, England
| | - Daniele La Barbera
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience, and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Caterina La Cascia
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience, and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Laura Ferraro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience, and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Luis Alameda
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, England
- Centro Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Seville, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- Service of General Psychiatry, Treatment and Early Intervention in Psychosis Program, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eva Velthorst
- Department of Research, Mental Health Service Organization 'GGZ Noord-Holland-Noord', Hoorn, The Netherlands
| | - Giulia Trotta
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, England
| | - Giada Tripoli
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, England
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience, and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Adriano Schimmenti
- Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, UKE - Kore University of Enna, Enna, Italy
| | - Andrea Fontana
- Department of Human Science, LUMSA University, Piazza delle Vaschette, 101, 00193, Rome, Italy
| | - Charlotte Gayer-Anderson
- Department of Health Services and Population Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, England
- ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Simona Stilo
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, England
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services, ASP Crotone, Crotone, Italy
| | - Fabio Seminerio
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience, and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Crocettarachele Sartorio
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience, and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanna Marrazzo
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience, and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Lasalvia
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Sarah Tosato
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Ilaria Tarricone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - Bologna University, Bologna, Italy
| | - Domenico Berardi
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, Psychiatry Unit, Alma Mater Studiorum - Bologna University, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe D'Andrea
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, Psychiatry Unit, Alma Mater Studiorum - Bologna University, Bologna, Italy
| | - Celso Arango
- Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, ISGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Arrojo
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric Genetic Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago, Spain
| | - Miguel Bernardo
- Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit, Hospital Clinic, Departament de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències (UBNeuro), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques, August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio Bobes
- Department of Medicine, Psychiatry Area, School of Medicine, Universidad de Oviedo, ISPA, INEUROPA, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Julio Sanjuán
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Universidad de Valencia, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Santos
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital "Virgen de La Luz", Cuenca, Spain
| | | | | | - Hannah E Jongsma
- PsyLife Group, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, England
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England
| | - Peter B Jones
- CAMEO Early Intervention Service, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cambridge, England
- EA 7280 Npsydo, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - James B Kirkbride
- PsyLife Group, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, England
| | | | - Andrea Tortelli
- Establissement Public de Santé, Maison Blanche, Paris, France
| | - Baptiste Pignon
- AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier "Mondor", Pôle de Psychiatrie, Créteil, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U955, Créteil, France
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
| | - Lieuwe de Haan
- Early Psychosis Section, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Paul Selten
- Institute for Mental Health, GGZ Rivierduinen, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jim Van Os
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, England
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department Psychiatry, Utrecht University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bart P Rutten
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Richard Bentall
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Cathedral Court, 1 Vicar Lane, Sheffield, S1 2LT, UK
| | - Marta Di Forti
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, England
| | - Robin M Murray
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, England
| | - Craig Morgan
- Department of Health Services and Population Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, England
- ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Helen L Fisher
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, England
- ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, King's College London, London, UK
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McDermott CL, Norton ES, Mackey AP. A systematic review of interventions to ameliorate the impact of adversity on brain development. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 153:105391. [PMID: 37708920 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Adversity, including abuse, neglect, and poverty, impacts child brain development. However, the developing brain is highly plastic, and some of the impacts of childhood adversity may be mitigated by psychosocial interventions. The purpose of this review is to synthesize literature on neural outcomes of childhood interventions among individuals exposed to adversity. A systematic literature search identified 36 reports of 13 interventions. Overall, these studies provide evidence for experience-dependent plasticity in the developing brain. We synthesize studies in light of three themes. First, there was mixed evidence for a benefit of a younger age at intervention. Second, interventions tended to accelerate functional brain development, but the impact of interventions on the pace of structural brain development was less clear. Third, individual differences in intervention response were difficult to predict, in part due to small samples. However, there was significant variability in intervention type and timing, neuroimaging outcomes, and follow-up timing. Together, the studies reviewed here hold promise for the role of psychosocial interventions in ameliorating the neurodevelopmental consequences of childhood adversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassidy L McDermott
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
| | - Elizabeth S Norton
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Department of Medical Social Sciences, and Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Allyson P Mackey
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Ng AE, Salam Z, Tkach N, Alcalá HE. Adverse Childhood Experiences and Family-Centered Care. J Prev (2022) 2023; 44:561-578. [PMID: 37380896 DOI: 10.1007/s10935-023-00738-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) include experiences of child maltreatment and household dysfunction. Prior work has shown that children with ACEs may have suboptimal utilization of preventive health care, including annual well-visits, however little is known about the relationship between ACEs and quality of patient care. Using data from the 2020 National Survey of Children's Health (N = 22,760) a series of logistic regression models estimated associations between ACEs, both individually and cumulatively, and five components of family-centered care. Most ACEs were consistently associated with lower odds of family-centered care (e.g. financial hardship was associated with doctors always spend enough time with children, AOR = 0.53; 95% CI = 0.47, 0.61), except for having a parent or guardian die, which was associated with higher odds. Cumulative ACE score was also associated with lower odds of family-centered care (e.g. doctors always listened carefully to the parent, AOR = 0.86; 95% CI = 0.81, 0.90). These findings emphasize the importance of the consideration of ACEs in the context of family-centered care, and support the need for ACEs screening in the clinical setting. Future work should focus on mechanisms explaining the observed associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda E Ng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Zoha Salam
- Department of Global Health, McMaster University , Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Nicholas Tkach
- New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY, 11568, USA
| | - Héctor E Alcalá
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, 21201, USA.
- Program in Oncology, University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, 21201, USA.
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Han D, Dieujuste N, Doom JR, Narayan AJ. A systematic review of positive childhood experiences and adult outcomes: Promotive and protective processes for resilience in the context of childhood adversity. Child Abuse Negl 2023; 144:106346. [PMID: 37473619 PMCID: PMC10528145 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research on positive childhood experiences (PCEs) as counterparts to childhood adversity has surged in the last five years. A systematic review of the additive and interactive effects of childhood adversity and PCEs across adult outcomes is needed that contextualizes the long-term correlates of childhood experiences within a developmental perspective. OBJECTIVE The current review synthesizes the empirical evidence for PCEs as resilience factors for a range of adult outcomes. METHODS Articles published until May 2023 were systematically identified according to PRISMA Guidelines through PubMed and PsycINFO databases and references of included articles. Then, 131 records were screened, and 58 studies were included. RESULTS Higher levels of PCEs were significantly but modestly associated with lower levels of childhood adversity. Higher levels of PCEs were associated with outcomes reflecting mental health, psychosocial functioning, physical health and health behaviors, and psychosocial stress. Most studies found direct, promotive effects of PCEs for more favorable outcomes. Few studies found significant interaction effects between childhood adversity and PCEs on outcomes, suggesting that PCEs may more frequently directly promote positive outcomes rather than moderate the effects of adversity on outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Individuals' childhood adversity and PCEs are somewhat independent sets of experiences; many individuals experience both, and the presence of one does not preclude the other. PCEs predict more favorable outcomes independent of childhood adversity more often than they interact with and moderate the effects of adversity on outcomes. Although the literature base is steadily growing, more research on PCEs in diverse and international samples is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Han
- University of Denver, 2155 S. Race St., Denver, CO, United States, 80210.
| | - Nathalie Dieujuste
- University of Denver, 2155 S. Race St., Denver, CO, United States, 80210.
| | - Jenalee R Doom
- University of Denver, 2155 S. Race St., Denver, CO, United States, 80210.
| | - Angela J Narayan
- University of Denver, 2155 S. Race St., Denver, CO, United States, 80210.
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Thomas SA, Clements-Nolle KD, Wagner KD, Omaye S, Lu M, Yang W. Adverse childhood experiences, antenatal stressful life events, and marijuana use during pregnancy: A population-based study. Prev Med 2023; 174:107656. [PMID: 37543311 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2023.107656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Cumulative exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and antenatal stressful life events (ASLEs) are independently associated with marijuana use during pregnancy. However, research has not explored how both exposures may influence marijuana use jointly. Assessing the joint associations of ACEs and recent ASLEs on marijuana use can identify people who may benefit from early intervention. Data come from the Nevada Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, 2017-2020 (N = 2483). We assessed eight measures of ACEs before age 18 and fourteen measures of ASLEs twelve months before giving birth. Generalized estimating equations estimated the direct and joint associations (additive and multiplicative interaction) of ACEs and ASLEs on marijuana use during pregnancy. 9.8% used marijuana during the most recent pregnancy. Compared to people who reported no ACEs, those reporting 1 ACE (adjusted prevalence ratio[aPR] = 1.96, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.30-2.94), 3 ACEs (aPR = 3.58, 95%CI = 2.69-4.77), and 4+ ACEs (aPR = 3.67, 95%CI = 2.36-5.72) were more likely to use marijuana. Compared to people reporting no ASLEs, those reporting 4+ ASLEs (aPR = 3.12, 95% CI = 1.64-5.92) were more likely to use marijuana. There was evidence of interaction for high ACE and ASLE exposure on an additive scale. ACEs and ASLEs were independently associated with marijuana use during pregnancy, and there was evidence of additive interaction. Screening for ACEs and ASLEs during pregnancy, referrals to appropriate behavioral health services, and trauma-informed approaches are important to address marijuana use during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn A Thomas
- School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia Street, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
| | - Kristen D Clements-Nolle
- School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia Street, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Karla D Wagner
- School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia Street, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Stanley Omaye
- College of Agriculture, Biotechnology, & Natural Resources, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia Street, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Minggen Lu
- School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia Street, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Wei Yang
- School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia Street, Reno, NV 89557, USA
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Prachason T, Mutlu I, Fusar-Poli L, Menne-Lothmann C, Decoster J, van Winkel R, Collip D, Delespaul P, De Hert M, Derom C, Thiery E, Jacobs N, Wichers M, van Os J, Rutten BPF, Pries LK, Guloksuz S. Gender differences in the associations between childhood adversity and psychopathology in the general population. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2023:10.1007/s00127-023-02546-5. [PMID: 37624463 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-023-02546-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore gender differences of the associations between childhood adversity (CA) subtypes and psychiatric symptoms in the general population. METHODS Data of 791 participants were retrieved from a general population twin cohort. The Symptom Checklist-90 Revised (SCL-90) and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire were used to assess overall psychopathology with nine symptom domains scores and total CA with exposure to five CA subtypes, respectively. The associations between CA and psychopathology were analyzed in men and women separately and were subsequently compared. RESULTS Total CA was associated with total SCL-90 and all symptom domains without significant gender differences. However, the analyses of CA subtypes showed that the association between emotional abuse and total SCL-90 was stronger in women compared to men [χ2(1) = 4.10, P = 0.043]. Sexual abuse was significantly associated with total SCL-90 in women, but emotional neglect and physical neglect were associated with total SCL-90 in men. Exploratory analyses of CA subtypes and SCL-90 subdomains confirmed the pattern of gender-specific associations. In women, emotional abuse was associated with all symptom domains, and sexual abuse was associated with all except phobic anxiety and interpersonal sensitivity. In men, emotional neglect was associated with depression, and physical neglect was associated with phobic anxiety, anxiety, interpersonal sensitivity, obsessive-compulsive, paranoid ideation, and hostility subdomains. CONCLUSION CA is a trans-syndromal risk factor regardless of gender. However, differential associations between CA subtypes and symptom manifestation might exist. Abuse might be particularly associated with psychopathology in women, whereas neglect might be associated with psychopathology in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanavadee Prachason
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Irem Mutlu
- Institute of Graduate Programs, Department of Clinical Psychology, Istanbul Bilgi University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Laura Fusar-Poli
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Claudia Menne-Lothmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ruud van Winkel
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurosciences, University Psychiatric Centre KU Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dina Collip
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Philippe Delespaul
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marc De Hert
- University Psychiatric Centre Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium
- Department of Neurosciences, Centre for Clinical Psychiatry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Brain Institute, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Antwerp Health Law and Ethics Chair, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Catherine Derom
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ghent University Hospitals, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Evert Thiery
- Department of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nele Jacobs
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Psychology, Open University of the Netherlands, Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke Wichers
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jim van Os
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's Health Partners, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Bart P F Rutten
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lotta-Katrin Pries
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sinan Guloksuz
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Hammann N, Kaess M, Rujescu D, Brunner R, Hartmann AM, Reichl C. Methylation of the Glucocorticoid Receptor Gene (NR3C1) in Adolescents with a History of Childhood Adversity Engaging in Non-Suicidal Self-Injury. Psychopathology 2023; 57:81-90. [PMID: 37531940 DOI: 10.1159/000531253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a large phenomenon among adolescents, and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are a major risk factor in its development. Malfunctioning of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis has been repeatedly reported for ACE as well as for NSSI. The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is essential for the correct functioning of the HPA axis, thus alterations in the expression of the GR through altered methylation of the GR gene (NR3C1) (and more specifically exon 1F) might contribute to the development of NSSI in individuals with a history of ACEs, as has been reported for different other mental disorders. METHODS In this case-control study, we compared the methylation levels of exon 1F of the GR gene (NR3C1-1F) in adolescents with engagement in NSSI (n = 67) and a healthy control group (HC; n = 47). We preserved buccal swabs and used a mass spectrometry-based method called EpiTYPER for analyzing mean methylation of NR3C1-1F. RESULTS Adolescents in the NSSI group reported significantly more ACEs. The mean methylation level was about 3% in both groups with no significant group differences. Furthermore, no significant relation was found between ACE and methylation of NR3C1-1F, neither in the overall sample nor in the NSSI or HC group. CONCLUSION Our results are contradictory to previous research showing an increased methylation in individuals with ACE. Regarding relations between methylation of NR3C1-1F and mental disorders, previous studies reported inconsistent findings. Our study points to NSSI being either unrelated to methylation of NR3C1-1F or to yet not identified moderators on relations between methylation of NR3C1-1F and engagement in NSSI during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Hammann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Kaess
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dan Rujescu
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Romuald Brunner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Annette M Hartmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Corinna Reichl
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Di Prinzio P, Björk J, Valuri G, Ambrosi T, Croft M, Morgan VA. Development and initial validation of a multivariable predictive Early Adversity Scale for Schizophrenia (EAS-Sz) using register data to quantify environmental risk for adult schizophrenia diagnosis after childhood exposure to adversity. Psychol Med 2023; 53:4990-5000. [PMID: 35817425 PMCID: PMC10476059 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722001945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Additional to a child's genetic inheritance, environmental exposures are associated with schizophrenia. Many are broadly described as childhood adversity; modelling the combined impact of these is complex. We aimed to develop and validate a scale on childhood adversity, independent of genetic and other environmental liabilities, for use in schizophrenia risk analysis models, using data from cross-linked electronic health and social services registers. METHOD A cohort of N = 428 970 Western Australian children born 1980-2001 was partitioned into three samples: scale development sample (N = 171 588), and two scale validation samples (each N = 128 691). Measures of adversity were defined before a child's 10th birthday from five domains: discontinuity in parenting, family functioning, family structure, area-level socioeconomic/demographic environment and family-level sociodemographic status. Using Cox proportional hazards modelling of follow-up time from 10th birthday to schizophrenia diagnosis or censorship, weighted combinations of measures were firstly developed into scales for each domain, then combined into a final global scale. Discrimination and calibration performance were validated using Harrell's C and graphical assessment respectively. RESULTS A weighted combination of 42 measures of childhood adversity was derived from the development sample. Independent application to identical measures in validation samples produced Harrell's Concordance statistics of 0.656 and 0.624. Average predicted time to diagnosis curves corresponded with 95% CI limits of observed Kaplan-Meier curves in five prognostic categories. CONCLUSIONS Our Early Adversity Scale for Schizophrenia (EAS-Sz), the first using routinely collected register data, predicts schizophrenia diagnosis above chance, and has potential to help untangle contributions of genetic and environmental liability to schizophrenia risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patsy Di Prinzio
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Research Unit, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Jonas Björk
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Giulietta Valuri
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Taryn Ambrosi
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Research Unit, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Maxine Croft
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Research Unit, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Vera A. Morgan
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Research Unit, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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Francis ER, Tsaligopoulou A, Stock SE, Pingault J, Baldwin JR. Subjective and objective experiences of childhood adversity: a meta-analysis of their agreement and relationships with psychopathology. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2023; 64:1185-1199. [PMID: 37186463 PMCID: PMC10617978 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Researchers use both subjective self-report and objective measures, such as official records, to investigate the impact of childhood adversity on psychopathology. However, it is unclear whether subjective and objective measures of childhood adversity (a) show agreement, and (b) differentially predict psychopathology. METHOD To address this, we conducted a pre-registered meta-analysis to examine the agreement between subjective and objective measures of childhood adversity, and their prediction of psychopathology. We searched in PubMed, PsycINFO and Embase for articles with both subjective measures (self-reports) and objective measures of childhood adversity (comprising official records, or reports from multiple informants unrelated to the target individual), and measures of psychopathology. RESULTS We identified 22 studies (n = 18,163) with data on agreement between subjective and objective measures of childhood adversities, and 17 studies (n = 14,789) with data on the associations between subjective and objective measures with psychopathology. First, we found that subjective and objective measures of childhood adversities were only moderately correlated (e.g. for maltreatment, r = .32, 95% CI = 0.23-0.41). Second, subjective measures of childhood adversities were associated with psychopathology, independent of objective measures (e.g. for maltreatment, r = .16, 95% CI = 0.09-0.22). In contrast, objective measures of childhood adversities had null or minimal associations with psychopathology, independent of subjective measures (e.g. r for maltreatment = .06, 95% CI = -0.02-0.13). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the effects of childhood adversity on psychopathology are primarily driven by a person's subjective experience. If this is the case, clinical interventions targeting memories and cognitive processes surrounding childhood adversity may reduce the risk of psychopathology in exposed individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma R. Francis
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, Department of Clinical, Educational and Health PsychologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Anna Tsaligopoulou
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, Department of Clinical, Educational and Health PsychologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Child Study CentreYale University School of MedicineNew HavenCTUSA
| | - Sarah E. Stock
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, Department of Clinical, Educational and Health PsychologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Institute of Epidemiology & HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Jean‐Baptiste Pingault
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, Department of Clinical, Educational and Health PsychologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry CentreInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Jessie R. Baldwin
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, Department of Clinical, Educational and Health PsychologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry CentreInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
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Perrone L, Thorpe D, Shariat Panahi G, Kitagawa Y, Lindhiem O, Bernard K. Meta-analysis of associations between childhood adversity and diurnal cortisol regulation. Dev Psychopathol 2023:1-33. [PMID: 37293972 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579423000561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Childhood adversity has been associated with hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysregulation, which is associated with mental and physical health consequences. However, associations between childhood adversity and cortisol regulation in the current literature vary in magnitude and direction. This multilevel meta-analysis examines the association between childhood adversity and diurnal cortisol measures, as well as potential moderators of these effects (adversity timing and type, study or sample characteristics). A search was conducted in online databases PsycINFO and PubMed for papers written in English. After screening for exclusion criteria (papers examining animals, pregnant women, people receiving hormonal treatment, people with endocrine disorders, cortisol before age 2 months, or cortisol after an intervention), 303 papers were identified for inclusion. In total, 441 effect sizes were extracted from 156 manuscripts representing 104 studies. A significant overall effect was found between childhood adversity and bedtime cortisol, r = 0.047, 95% CI [0.005, 0.089], t = 2.231, p = 0.028. All other overall and moderation effects were not significant. The lack of overall effects may reflect the importance of the timing and nature of childhood adversity to adversity's impact on cortisol regulation. Thus, we offer concrete recommendations for testing theoretical models linking early adversity and stress physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Oliver Lindhiem
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Seixas BV, Macinko J. Distinct domains of childhood disadvantage and cognitive performance among older Brazilians: Evidence from ELSI-Brazil. SSM Popul Health 2023; 22:101416. [PMID: 37215155 PMCID: PMC10193012 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the relationship between of distinct domains of childhood disadvantage and cognitive performance among older adults within the context of a middle-income country. Methods This study used baseline data (2015/2016) from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI), a nationally representative cohort of 9412 adults aged 50 and over. Nine childhood exposure variables were grouped into three domains (family SES, childhood health, and cultural capital), for which scores were created. Survey-weighted Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regressions estimated the association childhood disadvantage with cognitive performance as measured by immediate memory, late memory and semantic verbal fluency. Mediation analysis assessed whether adulthood socioeconomic status (SES) mediated this relationship of interest. Results Important disparities in cognitive performance were observed, particularly in terms of age, education, income, occupational status. Before controlling for adulthood SES in the multivariable analysis, all domains of childhood disadvantage were found to be associated with lower cognitive performance across all three measures. After inclusion of adulthood SES variables, the observed associations only remained for semantic verbal fluency. Formal mediation analysis indicated that adulthood SES mediates 47.9% (95% CI: 34.3%-78.6%) of the association between later-life verbal fluency and poor childhood health, and 49.9% (95% CI: 43.6%-57.8%) of the association between later-life verbal fluency and low childhood cultural capital. Conclusions We found that childhood disadvantage is associated with low performance in memory tests and semantic verbal fluency tests among older Brazilians. Adulthood SES fully mediated the association between all domains of childhood disadvantage and memory performance and only partially mediated its association with verbal fluency. Our findings support policy efforts to enhance early childhood development and improve adulthood SES, and guide additional research to better the mechanisms driving these relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brayan V. Seixas
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), 650 Charles E Young Dr S, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - James Macinko
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), 650 Charles E Young Dr S, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), 650 Charles E Young Dr S, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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Șoflău R, Szentágotai-Tătar A, Oltean LE. Childhood Adversity, Resilience, and Paranoia During the COVID-19 Outbreak. The Mediating Role of Irrational Beliefs and Affective Disturbance. J Ration Emot Cogn Behav Ther 2023:1-16. [PMID: 37360924 PMCID: PMC10221745 DOI: 10.1007/s10942-023-00511-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Childhood adversity (CA) and resilience may impact on paranoia, but mechanisms underlying these associations are largely unknown. In this study, we investigated two potential candidates: irrational beliefs and affective disturbance. Moreover, we investigated the potential moderating role of COVID-19 perceived stress in these associations. A community sample (N = 419, m age = 27.32 years, SD = 8.98; 88.10% females) completed self-report measures. Results indicated that paranoia was significantly associated with CA and resilience (p < .05), and both irrational beliefs and affective disturbance (i.e., depressive and anxiety symptoms) mediated the associations between CA and paranoia. Moreover, depressive and anxiety symptoms partially explained the mediating role of irrational beliefs. These predictive models explained up to 23.52% of variance in paranoia (F(3,415) = 42.536, p < .001). Findings on resilience and paranoia replicated these results, and COVID-19 perceived stress moderated the association between resilience and ideas of persecution. Overall, these findings underscore the importance of irrational beliefs, depressive and anxiety symptoms in high CA or low resilience individuals experiencing paranoia. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10942-023-00511-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radu Șoflău
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- The International Institute for the Advanced Studies of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Aurora Szentágotai-Tătar
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- The International Institute for the Advanced Studies of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lia-Ecaterina Oltean
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- The International Institute for the Advanced Studies of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Kwon E, Fisher S, Lin HC, Kogan SM. Racial discrimination, childhood adversity, and depression among Black men: Tests of stress sensitization hypotheses. Psychiatry Res 2023; 325:115257. [PMID: 37257250 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Racial discrimination has been linked to depression among Black American men. Racial discrimination, however, does not uniformly confer risk for depression. According to the stress sensitization theory, racial discrimination can be particularly harmful for those with histories of adversity in childhood. Existing research on stress sensitization is limited in that it has conceptualized childhood adversity as a unidimensional construct composed of a broad range of stressful experiences. To fill this gap in the literature, the current study investigated stress sensitization hypotheses, focusing on how different dimensions of adverse childhood experiences moderate the association between racial discrimination and depression. Study sample was 504 young Black men (mean age at baseline = 20.3, SD = 1.08) living in rural counties in South Georgia where childhood adversity is disproportionately high. The association between racial discrimination and increased risk for depressive symptoms varied by the degree of childhood experience of deprivation, but not threat. Our findings suggest that no or low levels of childhood deprivation, which is commonly regarded as a protective factor, can elevate the negative effects of discrimination on depression. This finding emphasizes that clinicians should consider developmental risk and protective factors that are unique to Black American men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Kwon
- Department of Public Health, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States.
| | - Sycarah Fisher
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Hsien-Chang Lin
- School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Steven M Kogan
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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Derck JE, Livingston JD, Zhang A, Phipps A, Maddock RM, Gilmore G, October TW. Feasibility and Challenges with Measuring Adverse Childhood Experiences in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit. J Child Adolesc Trauma 2023:1-4. [PMID: 37359462 PMCID: PMC10193309 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-023-00555-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) screening tool captures some experiences of childhood adversity, ranging from abuse to parental separation. Research has shown a correlation between ACEs and both adult and childhood disease. This study evaluated the feasibility of conducting ACE screening in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and investigated associations with markers for severity of illness and utilization of resources. Methods This was a cross sectional study screening for ACEs among children admitted to a single quaternary medical-surgical PICU. Children age 0-18 years old admitted to the PICU over a one-year period were considered for enrollment. A 10-question ACE screen was used to evaluate children for exposure to ACEs. Chart review was used to collect demographic and clinical data. Results Of the 432 parents approached for enrollment, 400 (92.6%) agreed to participate. Most parents reported an ACE score of zero (68.9%) while 31% of participants experienced at least 1 ACE, of whom 14.8% experienced ≥ 2 ACEs. There was not a statistically significant association between ACE score and length of stay (p-value = 0.26) or level of respiratory support in patients with asthma (p-value = 0.15) or bronchiolitis (p-value = 0.83). The primary reasons for not approaching families were parent availability, non-English speaking parents, and social work concerns. Conclusions This study demonstrates feasibility to collect sensitive psychosocial data in the PICU and highlights challenges to enrollment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40653-023-00555-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan E. Derck
- Critical Care Medicine, Children’s National Hospital, Suite M4800, 111 Michigan Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20010 USA
| | | | - Anqing Zhang
- Critical Care Medicine, Children’s National Hospital, Suite M4800, 111 Michigan Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20010 USA
| | - Aimee Phipps
- Critical Care Medicine, Children’s National Hospital, Suite M4800, 111 Michigan Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20010 USA
| | - Ryan M. Maddock
- Critical Care Medicine, Children’s National Hospital, Suite M4800, 111 Michigan Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20010 USA
| | - Gayle Gilmore
- Critical Care Medicine, Children’s National Hospital, Suite M4800, 111 Michigan Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20010 USA
| | - Tessie W. October
- Critical Care Medicine, Children’s National Hospital, Suite M4800, 111 Michigan Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20010 USA
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Elsenburg LK, Bengtsson J, Rieckmann A, Rod NH. Childhood adversity and risk of type 2 diabetes in early adulthood: results from a population-wide cohort study of 1.2 million individuals. Diabetologia 2023:10.1007/s00125-023-05911-w. [PMID: 37076640 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-05911-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS To examine whether childhood adversity is related to development of type 2 diabetes in early adulthood (16 to 38 years) among men and women. METHODS We used nationwide register data of 1,277,429 individuals born in Denmark between 1 January 1980 and 31 December 2001, who were still resident in Denmark and without diabetes at age 16 years. Individuals were divided into five childhood adversity groups based on their yearly exposure to childhood adversities (from age 0-15 years) across three dimensions: material deprivation, loss or threat of loss, and family dynamics. We estimated HR and hazard differences (HD) for type 2 diabetes according to the childhood adversity groups using Cox proportional hazards and Aalen additive hazards models. RESULTS During follow-up from age 16 to 31 December 2018, 4860 individuals developed type 2 diabetes. Compared with the low adversity group, the risk of type 2 diabetes was higher in all other childhood adversity groups among both men and women. For example, the risk was higher in the high adversity group characterised by high rates of adversity across all three dimensions among men (HR 2.41; 95% CI 2.04, 2.85) and women (1.58; 1.31, 1.91), translating into 36.2 (25.9, 46.5) additional cases of type 2 diabetes per 100,000 person-years among men and 18.6 (8.2, 29.0) among women. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Individuals who experienced childhood adversity are at higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes in early adulthood. Intervening upon proximal determinants of adversity may help reduce the number of type 2 diabetes cases among young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie K Elsenburg
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Jessica Bengtsson
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Rieckmann
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Naja H Rod
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Amorim M, Soares S, Abrahamyan A, Severo M, Fraga S. Patterns of childhood adversity and health outcomes in early adolescence: Results from the generation XXI cohort. Prev Med 2023; 171:107500. [PMID: 37031908 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2023.107500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
This longitudinal population-based birth cohort study aims to identify childhood adversity patterns over the first 13 years of life and to examine its association with health-related behaviours and outcomes in early adolescence. Using data from the Portuguese birth cohort Generation XXI, we performed latent class analysis to explore the underlying patterns of adversity from birth to early adolescence, using 13 adversity items assessed in five time points. Health-related behaviours and outcomes were evaluated at 13 years. Adjusting for parental unemployment, logistic regression models were performed to determine the association between adversity patterns and outcomes. Among 8647 participants, three adversity patterns were identified: "low adversity" (56.1%), "household dysfunction" (17.2%) and "multiple adversities" (26.7%). For the "household dysfunction" pattern, girls and boys showed associations with increased odds of alcohol/tobacco use (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.78; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.32-2.40; AOR:1.84; CI:1.38-2.46, respectively) and depressive symptoms (AOR:2.34; CI:1.58-3.48; AOR:5.45; CI:2.86-10.38, respectively). Boys also presented low consumption of fruits/vegetables (AOR:1.51; CI:1.04-2.19). For the "multiple adversities" pattern, both girls and boys showed an increased probability of alcohol/tobacco use (AOR:1.82; CI:1.42-2.33; AOR:1.63; CI:1.30-2.05, respectively) and depressive symptoms (AOR:3.41; CI:2.46-4.72; AOR:5.21; CI:2.91-9.32, respectively). Boys also revealed increased odds of low consumption of fruits/vegetables (AOR:1.67; CI:1.24-2.23). Childhood adversity patterns are associated with unhealthy behaviours and depressive symptoms in early adolescence. Public policies and early interventions targeting vulnerable children, families and communities can potentially reduce the detrimental effects of adversities on health and promote individual and community resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Amorim
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Soares
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
| | - Arminé Abrahamyan
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
| | - Milton Severo
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Fraga
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal.
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Lai CLJ, Fan Y, Man HY, Huang Y. Childhood adversity and depression in Chinese populations: A multilevel meta-analysis of studies using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Asian J Psychiatr 2023; 84:103582. [PMID: 37043908 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2023.103582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
To estimate the association between childhood adversity (CA) and depression in Chinese populations in studies using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), a literature retrieval from established databases between 2005 and 2020 was conducted. A total 40 eligible studies with 145 effect sizes were included in subsequent analyses. Using a multi-level meta-analysis, we found a pooled effect size of r = 0.24, p < 0.001, CI = [0.20, 0.27] for the association between CA and depression. No publication bias was shown by Egger's test, t (160) = -0.27, p = 0.79. The between-study variance was moderate but significant, with 39.75% of the total variance attributable to differences between studies. Results of moderation analysis based on subtypes of CA showed that emotional abuse was associated most strongly with depression. In addition, results of moderation analysis focusing on geographic regions and CTQ subscales showed that the association between SA and depression was stronger in Southern than Central China. Our findings demonstrated clearly the advantages of using a multi-level approach to arrive at a more accurate estimate of pooled effect sizes. The differential associations between CTQ subscales and depression and the moderating effect of geographic regions on the association between sexual abuse and depression point clearly to the need of increased attention to the effects of CA subtypes and socio-cultural factors in future research on CA and mental disorders. These findings provide a preliminary empirical basis for researchers to address specific hypotheses of associations between CA subtypes and specific mental disorders in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuk-Ling Julian Lai
- Psychophysiology Laboratory, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.
| | - Yuying Fan
- Psychophysiology Laboratory, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Hoi Yun Man
- Psychophysiology Laboratory, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Psychology, Lingnan University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.
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Rod NH, Bengtsson J, Elsenburg LK, Davies M, Taylor-Robinson D, Bhatt S, Rieckmann A. Cancer burden among adolescents and young adults in relation to childhood adversity: a nationwide life-course cohort study of 1.2 million individuals. Lancet Reg Health Eur 2023; 27:100588. [PMID: 36843914 PMCID: PMC9945708 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2023.100588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Background Childhood adversity such as poverty, loss of a parent, and dysfunctional family dynamics may be associated with exposure to environmental and behavioral hazards, interfere with normal biological functions, and affect cancer care and outcomes. To explore this hypothesis, we assessed the cancer burden among young men and women exposed to adversity during childhood. Methods We undertook a population-based study using Danish nationwide register data on childhood adversity and cancer outcomes. Children who were alive and resident in Denmark until their 16th birthday were followed into young adulthood (16-38 years). Group-based multi-trajectory modelling was used to categorize individuals into five distinct groups: low adversity, early material deprivation, persistent material deprivation, loss/threat of loss, and high adversity. We assessed the association with overall cancer incidence, mortality, and five-year case fatality; and cancer specific outcomes for the four most common cancers in this age group in sex-stratified survival analyses. Findings 1,281,334 individuals born between Jan 1, 1980, and Dec 31, 2001, were followed up until Dec 31, 2018, capturing 8229 incident cancer cases and 662 cancer deaths. Compared to low adversity, women who experienced persistent material deprivation carried a slightly lower risk of overall cancer (hazard ratio (HR) 0.90; 95% CI 0.82; 0.99), particularly due to malignant melanoma and brain and central nervous system cancers, while women who experienced high adversity carried a higher risk of breast cancer (HR 1.71; 95% CI 1.09; 2.70) and cervical cancer incidence (HR 1.82; 95% CI 1.18; 2.83). While there was no clear association between childhood adversity and cancer incidence in men, those men who had experienced persistent material deprivation (HR 1.72; 95% CI 1.29; 2.31) or high adversity (HR 2.27; 95% CI 1.38; 3.72) carried a disproportionate burden of cancer mortality during adolescence or young adulthood compared to men in the low adversity group. Interpretation Childhood adversity is associated with a lower risk of some subtypes of cancer and a higher risk of others, particular in women. Persistent deprivation and adversity are also associated with a higher risk of adverse cancer outcomes for men. These findings may relate to a combination of biological susceptibility, health behaviors and treatment-related factors. Funding None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naja Hulvej Rod
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jessica Bengtsson
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Leonie K Elsenburg
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Megan Davies
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Samir Bhatt
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.,School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Andreas Rieckmann
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Carbone JT, Hicks LM, Brown S, Saini EK, Dayton CJ. Adverse Childhood Experiences: Associations with a Blunted Cortisol Stress Response During Pregnancy. Matern Child Health J 2023:10.1007/s10995-023-03651-2. [PMID: 37000382 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-023-03651-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are associated with a range of negative physical and mental health outcomes, yet there is limited research focused on the effect of ACEs on stress responses during pregnancy. Expectant mothers experience an increase in cortisol levels as pregnancy progresses, with this increase having important implications for fetal and early infant development. Little is known about the impact of ACEs on maternal cortisol levels. This study explored the relationship between maternal ACEs and cortisol response among expectant mothers nearing or in the third trimester of pregnancy. METHODS 39 expectant mothers were exposed to a Baby Cry Protocol via an infant simulator, with salivary cortisol collected at five points in time (N = 181). Stepwise, multilevel model creation resulted in a random intercept and random slope model with an interaction term for total number of ACEs and week of pregnancy. RESULTS The repeated measures data showed that cortisol levels decreased across collection times, from arrival at the lab, through the Baby Cry Protocol, to recovery. Predictive margins for the interaction term showed that while exposure to a greater number of ACEs was associated with higher cortisol levels early in the third trimester, the expected increase in cortisol late in pregnancy was blunted for expectant mothers who were exposed to a greater number of ACEs. DISCUSSION These findings findings suggest the importance of ACEs screening and intervention efforts as part of prenatal care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason T Carbone
- School of Social Work, Wayne State University, 5447 Woodward Avenue, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
| | - Laurel M Hicks
- University of Colorado Boulder, Renée Crown Wellness Institute, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Suzanne Brown
- School of Social Work, Wayne State University, 5447 Woodward Avenue, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | | | - Carolyn J Dayton
- School of Social Work, Wayne State University, 5447 Woodward Avenue, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
- Merrill Palmer Skillman Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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Ortiz R, Zhao S, Kline DM, Brock G, Carroll JE, Seeman TE, Jaffee SR, Berger JS, Golden SH, Carnethon MR, Joseph JJ. Childhood environment early life stress, caregiver warmth, and associations with the cortisol diurnal curve in adulthood: The coronary artery risk development in young adults (CARDIA) study. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2023; 149:106008. [PMID: 36599226 PMCID: PMC10029914 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.106008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early life stress (ELS) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality across the lifecourse. Studies observing a relationship between ELS and stress physiology (cortisol), may help explain the connection to poor health outcomes, but have been limited by cortisol measures used. PURPOSE We examined the association between ELS measured by a Risky Family (RF) environment questionnaire, and adult diurnal cortisol profile inclusive of multiple cortisol measures. METHODS RF and cortisol were collected from Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study participants at follow-up (Year 15). Complete case (n = 672) data were included in multi-variable regression analyses with log transformed cortisol measures (outcomes) including wake-up cortisol, cortisol awakening response [CAR], AUC and five other cortisol diurnal curve measures. RESULTS Participants were age 39.9 + /- 3.7 years and 51.6% Black. For every 1 unit increase in RF, there was a 1.4% greater wake-up cortisol and flatter CAR after adjustment for age, sex, income, and smoking (B=0.014, p = 0.023; B=-0.014, p = 0.028, respectively). Each unit increase in caregiver warmth/affection was associated with a 6.9% higher (steeper) CAR (B=0.069, p = 0.03). Results remained significant after adjusting for other covariates except social support in adulthood. An interaction between child abuse and caregiver warmth was nearly significant (p = 0.068), such that for those with exposure to the greatest caregiver warmth and lowest child abuse, CAR was steepest CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrate that ELS is associated with altered cortisol regulation in adulthood. However, further research is needed to assess how healthy relationships throughout the life course may modulate cortisol regulation in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Ortiz
- Institute for Excellence in Health Equity, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA; Departments of Pediatrics and Population Health, New York University, Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Songzhu Zhao
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - David M Kline
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Guy Brock
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Judith E Carroll
- The University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Jane and Terri Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Teresa E Seeman
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sara R Jaffee
- Department of Psychology, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Berger
- Departments of Medicine and Surgery, New York University, Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Division of Cardiology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sherita H Golden
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mercedes R Carnethon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joshua J Joseph
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
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Furuya S, Wang J. The Long Shadow: Early-Life Adversity and Later-Life Loneliness in the United States. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2023; 78:370-382. [PMID: 36239446 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbac164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study assesses how early-life adversity (ELA) is associated with later-life loneliness among those aged 55 and older in the United States. We consider multiple domains of ELA to understand domain-specific associations between ELA and later-life loneliness. METHODS Using data from the 2008 to 2016 rounds of Health and Retirement Study (n = 29,661 person-waves [weighted]), we evaluate whether and how different domains of ELA are associated with loneliness, and how their relationships are explained through adulthood conditions and are dependent on educational attainment. RESULTS Our analyses demonstrate significant and distinctive relationships between various domains of ELA and later-life loneliness. Whereas adulthood conditions largely explain positive associations between loneliness with some domains of ELA (socioeconomic disadvantages and chronic diseases), disruptive home environment, risky adolescent behaviors, and impairment during childhood are still related to a higher level of loneliness after controlling for adulthood conditions. We also find empirical evidence supporting educational differences in relationships between some ELA domains and later-life loneliness. Our results also show that the associations between ELA and later-life loneliness differ between subdimensions of loneliness (emotional vs. social loneliness). DISCUSSION This study underscores ELA as an important early-life risk factor contributing to later-life loneliness. Our findings suggest that policy interventions to reduce adverse childhood experiences may alleviate individuals' exposure to loneliness in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Furuya
- Department of Sociology and Center for Demography and Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Sociology and Center for Demography and Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Bengtsson J, Elsenburg LK, Andersen GS, Larsen ML, Rieckmann A, Rod NH. Childhood adversity and cardiovascular disease in early adulthood: a Danish cohort study. Eur Heart J 2023; 44:586-593. [PMID: 36375818 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To examine the effect of childhood adversity on the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) between ages 16 and 38, specifically focusing on ischaemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease. METHODS AND RESULTS Register data on all children born in Denmark between 1 January 1980 and 31 December 2001, who were alive and resident in Denmark without a diagnosis of CVD or congenital heart disease until age 16 were used, totalling 1 263 013 individuals. Cox proportional hazards and Aalen additive hazards models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and adjusted hazard differences of CVD from ages 16 to 38 in five trajectory groups of adversity experienced between ages 0 and 15. In total, 4118 individuals developed CVD between their 16th birthday and 31 December 2018. Compared with those who experienced low levels of adversity, those who experienced severe somatic illness and death in the family (men: adjusted HR: 1.6, 95% confidence interval: 1.4-1.8, women: 1.4, 1.2-1.6) and those who experienced very high rates of adversity across childhood and adolescence (men: 1.6, 1.3-2.0, women: 1.6, 1.3-2.0) had a higher risk of developing CVD, corresponding to 10-18 extra cases of CVD per 100 000 person-years in these groups. CONCLUSIONS Individuals who have been exposed to childhood adversity are at higher risk of developing CVD in young adulthood compared to individuals with low adversity exposure. These findings suggest that interventions targeting the social origins of adversity and providing support for affected families may have long-term cardio-protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Bengtsson
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, Post Box 2099, 1014 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Leonie K Elsenburg
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, Post Box 2099, 1014 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gregers Stig Andersen
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 83, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Mogens Lytken Larsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Søndre Skovvej 15, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Andreas Rieckmann
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, Post Box 2099, 1014 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Naja Hulvej Rod
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, Post Box 2099, 1014 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Revranche M, Biscond M, Navarro-Mateu F, Kovess-Masfety V, Husky MM. The contribution of childhood adversities to the persistence of severe role impairment among college students: a follow-up study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2023:10.1007/s00127-023-02434-y. [PMID: 36786834 PMCID: PMC9925933 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-023-02434-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE While the association between childhood adversities (CAs) and negative mental health outcomes is robustly supported throughout the epidemiological literature, little is known about their contribution to the persistence of role impairment. The present study aims to investigate the association of three facets of CAs with the persistence of severe role impairment among college students using a follow-up design. METHODS Data were drawn from the French portion of the World Mental Health International College Student Initiative. Students who completed both the baseline and 1-year follow-up surveys were included (n = 1,188). Exposure to 12 types of CAs before the age of 18 was assessed at baseline, and 12-month role impairment and 12-month mental disorders were assessed at baseline and follow-up. Logistic regressions estimated associations by jointly using types, number of types, and cumulative frequency of exposure to CAs as predictors. RESULTS At baseline, 27.6% of students reported any severe role impairment. Among them, 47.5% reported the persistence of any impairment at one year. In models adjusted for 12-month mental disorders, only the frequency of CAs was associated with the persistence of impairment, namely college-related and other work impairment (aOR = 1.17, 95% CI [1.01, 1.35]). CONCLUSION Role impairment is prevalent among college students, and studies are needed to better understand its persistence. Beyond the primary prevention of early stressors, screening for and treating mental health problems during college may help reduce the impact of CAs on the persistence of role impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Revranche
- Laboratoire de Psychologie EA4139, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Margot Biscond
- Laboratoire de Psychologie EA4139, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Fernando Navarro-Mateu
- Departamento de Psicología Básica y Metodología, Unidad de Docencia, Investigación y Formación en Salud Mental (UDIF-SM), Servicio Murciano de Salud, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Mathilde M Husky
- Laboratoire de Psychologie EA4139, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
- Active Team, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Inserm, U1219, Bordeaux, France.
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