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Zhao Y, Huebner ES, Liu W, Tian L. Longitudinal associations between childhood victimization and neuroticism from middle childhood to early adolescence. Child Abuse Negl 2024; 152:106797. [PMID: 38636154 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous cross-sectional and unidirectional longitudinal studies have identified positive associations between childhood victimization and neuroticism in children. However, these studies have not simultaneously examined multiple common sources of childhood victimization (family abuse, teacher abuse, and peer victimization) in relation to neuroticism nor have they distinguished between- and within-person effects. Moreover, the moderating role of child sex in their associations has yet to be fully evaluated. OBJECTIVE This study examined the within-person longitudinal associations between three common sources of childhood victimization and neuroticism in Chinese children and whether these effects differed between boys and girls. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING The sample included 4315 children (55.1 % boys) with an average age of 9.93 (SD = 0.73) years from a large city in China. METHODS Participants completed self-report measures on five occasions across two years, employing six-month intervals. Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Models (RI-CLPMs) were used to distinguish between-person and within-person effects. RESULTS Results included: (a) Family abuse (excluding sexual abuse) and peer victimization directly predicted subsequent increases in neuroticism at the within-person level and vice versa, whereas teacher abuse and neuroticism did not reveal significant longitudinal relations at the within-person level; (b) The effect of family abuse on neuroticism at the within-person level was stronger in boys, while the effect of peer victimization on neuroticism at the within-person level was stronger in girls. CONCLUSIONS Prevention and intervention strategies targeting high neuroticism and childhood victimization should consider the roles of both family and peer systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinqiu Zhao
- Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510631, People's Republic of China; School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, People's Republic of China
| | - E Scott Huebner
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Wang Liu
- School of Marxism, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lili Tian
- Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510631, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Gao Q, Niu L, Wang W, Zhao S, Xiao J, Lin D. Developmental Trajectories of Mental Health in Chinese Early Adolescents: School Climate and Future Orientation as Predictors. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2024:10.1007/s10802-024-01195-9. [PMID: 38625459 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-024-01195-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
There is growing support for the dual-continua model of mental health, which emphasizes psychopathology and well-being as related but distinct dimensions. Yet, little is known about how these dimensions co-develop from childhood to early adolescence and what factors predict their different trajectories. The current study aimed to identify distinct patterns of mental health in Chinese early adolescents, focusing on both psychopathological symptoms (i.e., depressive symptoms and self-harm behaviors) and subjective well-being (i.e., life satisfaction and affect balance). This study also examined the contributions of school climate and future orientation to these trajectories. A total of 1,057 students (Mage = 11.88, SDage = 1.67; 62.1% boys) completed four assessments over two years, with six-month intervals. Using parallel-process latent class growth modeling, we identified four groups: Flourishing (32.5%), Languishing (43.8%), Troubled with Stable Depressive Symptoms (16.1%), and Troubled with Increasing Self-Harm Risk (7.6%). Furthermore, school climate and future orientation contributed to adolescents' membership in these trajectories, either independently or jointly. Specifically, higher levels of future orientation combined with higher school climate were associated with a lower likelihood of belonging to the Troubled with Increasing Self-Harm Risk trajectory, compared to the Flourishing group. Our findings identified four distinct mental health trajectories consistent with the dual-continua model, and demonstrated that the development of psychopathology and well-being were not always inversely related (e.g., the Languishing group). Adolescents with unique developmental profiles may benefit from tailored intervention strategies that build on the personal and environmental assets of the adolescent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Gao
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Niu
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Zhao
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiale Xiao
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Danhua Lin
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
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Fritzson AE, Schrag BHC, Park B, Strife S, Peña Teeters LA, Lischwe EH, Bell GBM, Herron WB, Dimidjian S. Enhancing body image satisfaction and well-being among early adolescents: Feasibility and preliminary outcomes of the mind. body. voice. program. Eat Behav 2024; 53:101875. [PMID: 38574495 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2024.101875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Although most research has emphasized high-school and college-aged women, body dissatisfaction and eating disorder behavior are also a concern for middle-school girls. We partnered with Girls Inc., a community-based organization to explore feasibility and preliminary outcomes of the mind. body. voice. (m.b.v.) program with a middle-school-aged cohort. The program was collaboratively designed with youth, focusing on body image satisfaction, disordered eating risk factors, and mental health and well-being. The work occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic, offering a unique opportunity to assess the promise of the program under difficult extenuating circumstances. In an open-trial design, we assessed change from pre- to post-program administered with two cohorts, one delivered remotely in 2020 (n = 17) and one in-person in 2021 (n = 13). Findings indicated that participation in the m.b.v. program was associated among both cohorts with significant decreases in negative body judgment and adherence to cultural appearance biases, and significant increases in body awareness, agency, and positive self-regard, as well as significant reductions in negative affect. Results support the feasibility and promise of both remote and in-person administration of the program targeting young adolescents, and in partnership with a well-established community-based organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne E Fritzson
- Renée Crown Wellness Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, 1135 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80302, USA; Psychology & Neuroscience Department, University of Colorado Boulder, 345 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | | | - Bernadette Park
- Renée Crown Wellness Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, 1135 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80302, USA; Psychology & Neuroscience Department, University of Colorado Boulder, 345 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Samantha Strife
- Renée Crown Wellness Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, 1135 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80302, USA; Psychology & Neuroscience Department, University of Colorado Boulder, 345 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Leah A Peña Teeters
- Renée Crown Wellness Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, 1135 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80302, USA
| | - Emma H Lischwe
- Renée Crown Wellness Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, 1135 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80302, USA
| | - Gav B M Bell
- Renée Crown Wellness Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, 1135 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80302, USA
| | - Wendy B Herron
- Renée Crown Wellness Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, 1135 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80302, USA; Boulder Valley School District, 6500 Arapahoe Rd., Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - Sona Dimidjian
- Renée Crown Wellness Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, 1135 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80302, USA; Psychology & Neuroscience Department, University of Colorado Boulder, 345 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
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4
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Rogers EM, Melde C, Williams J, Heinze J, McGarrell E. Adolescent Mental Health and Resilience Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Adolesc Health 2024:S1054-139X(24)00113-7. [PMID: 38493399 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2024.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to assess levels of depression, anxiety, and resilience factors before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in a school sample of adolescents. We also aimed to examine the compensatory and protective effects of individual, family, and school resilience factors on adolescent mental health. METHODS We used fall 2019 and fall 2020 survey responses from a cluster randomized controlled trial implemented in 20 schools in a Midwestern county. The sample consisted of 3,085 responses from students in grades 5 and 6. Multilevel mixed-effects models with cluster robust standard errors were used to investigate the associations between exposure to the COVID-19 pandemic, mental health (anxiety, depression), and resilience factors (future orientation, family engagement, and having a caring school adult). RESULTS Anxiety, but not depression, was higher in fall 2020 compared to fall 2019. Family engagement increased during the pandemic, while future orientation of the student body was lower during that time and the prevalence of having a caring adult at school was unchanged. A positive future orientation was associated with lower levels of anxiety and depression, while having a caring school adult was associated with lower depression. Adolescents with less positive future orientations, low family engagement, and no caring school adults experienced the greatest increases in anxiety. DISCUSSION Positive future orientations, family engagement, and supportive nonparental adult relationships had compensatory and protective effects on adolescent mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. Adding these measures to the inventory of modifiable resilience factors during natural disasters may promote healthy adaptation among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan M Rogers
- Public Policy Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.
| | - Chris Melde
- School of Criminal Justice, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Jalena Williams
- School of Criminal Justice, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Justin Heinze
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Edmund McGarrell
- School of Criminal Justice, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
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Wan W, Zhu Y, Tian J, Cheng Y, Zeng L, Zhu Z. Associations of parental age at pregnancy with adolescent cognitive development and emotional and behavioural problems: a birth cohort in rural Western China. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:775. [PMID: 38475730 PMCID: PMC10935899 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18309-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between parental age at pregnancy and offspring development in low- and middle-income countries remains unclear. We aimed to examine the associations of parental age at pregnancy with adolescent development in rural China. METHODS We conducted a prospective birth cohort study of offspring born to pregnant women who participated in an antenatal micronutrient supplementation trial in rural Western China. Adolescent cognitive development and emotional and behavioural problems were assessed by using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-IV and the Youth Self-Report-2001, respectively. After accounting for the possible nonlinear relationships, we examined the linear associations between parental age (in years) at pregnancy and scores of adolescent cognitive development and emotional and behavioural problems by performing generalized estimating equations. RESULTS Among 1897 adolescents followed from birth to early adolescence, 59.5% were male with a mean age of 11.8 (standard deviation (SD): 0.8) years. The mean ages of mothers and fathers at pregnancy were 24.6 (SD: 4.4) and 27.9 (SD: 4.1) years old, respectively. All the P values of the nonlinear terms between parental age and adolescent development in all domains were greater than 0.05. Each one-year increase in maternal age at pregnancy was associated with a 0.29-point (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.06, 0.52) increase in the full-scale intelligence quotient in early adolescence. After parental age was categorized into quartiles, the total behavioural problem scores of adolescents with fathers with an age in the fourth quartile (Q4) were 6.71 (95% CI 0.86, 12.57) points higher than those of adolescents with fathers with an age in the first quartile (Q1), with a linear trend P value of 0.01. Similarly, higher scores (worse behavioural problems) were observed for internalizing behavioural problems and other emotional and behavioural symptoms related to anxiety, withdrawal, social problems, thought problems and aggressive behaviour. CONCLUSIONS At conception, older maternal age was independently linked to better adolescent cognitive development, whereas advanced paternal age was independently associated with a greater risk of adolescent emotional and behavioral problems. These findings suggest that public health policies targeting an optimal parental age at pregnancy should be developed in the context of offspring developmental consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanting Wan
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, P. R. China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No. 76, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Yingze Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No. 76, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxin Tian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No. 76, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Yue Cheng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety Research, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Lingxia Zeng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No. 76, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, P. R. China.
- Center for Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Global Health Institution, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, P. R. China.
| | - Zhonghai Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No. 76, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, P. R. China.
- Center for Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Global Health Institution, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, P. R. China.
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6
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Zhang T, Park D, Tsukayama E, Duckworth AL, Luo L. Sparking Virtuous Cycles: A Longitudinal Study of Subjective Well-Being and Grit During Early Adolescence. J Youth Adolesc 2024; 53:331-342. [PMID: 37737939 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-023-01862-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
In cross-sectional research, subjective well-being and grit are found to be positively correlated. Their mutually reinforcing effects are particularly relevant for youth entering early adolescence because, during this developmental period, both well-being and grit have been shown to predict consequential outcomes later in life. However, their mutual relation has not yet been investigated in early adolescence. This study, therefore, examined the possibility of a virtuous cycle linking subjective well-being and grit during early adolescence. Self-report questionnaires of grit and subjective well-being were completed by N = 5291 children in China (47.6% girls; initial Mage = 9.69, SDage = 0.59) on six occasions over 3 academic years. In random-intercept cross-lagged panel models (RI-CLPMs), within-person changes in grit predicted within-person changes in subjective well-being 6 months later, and vice versa. Notably, analyses revealed an asymmetry in this cycle: paths from subjective well-being to grit were stronger and more reliable than the converse. Likewise, facet-level analyses showed that the predictive power of the perseverance component (of grit) and the affective component (of subjective well-being), respectively, was greater than the passion and cognitive components, respectively. These findings highlight the potential of boosting happiness for catalyzing positive youth development and, in addition, foreground the utility of studying these composite constructs at the facet level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingdan Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment Toward Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, China
| | - Daeun Park
- Department of Psychology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 03063, South Korea.
| | - Eli Tsukayama
- Division of Business Administration, University of Hawai'i-West O'ahu, Kapolei, HI, 96707, USA
| | - Angela L Duckworth
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Operations, Information and Decisions, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Liang Luo
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
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7
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Rea-Sandin G, Del Toro J, Wilson S. The Heritability of Psychopathology Symptoms in Early Adolescence: Moderation by Family Cultural Values in the ABCD Study. Behav Genet 2024; 54:119-136. [PMID: 37702839 PMCID: PMC10833244 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-023-10154-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Family cultural values that emphasize support, loyalty, and obligation to the family are associated with lower psychopathology in Hispanic/Latino/a youth, but there is a need to understand the implications of family cultural values for youth development in racially/ethnically heterogeneous samples. This study examined phenotypic associations between parent- and youth-reported family cultural values in late childhood on youth internalizing and externalizing symptoms in early adolescence, and whether family cultural values moderated genetic and environmental influences on psychopathology symptoms. The sample comprised 10,335 children (Mage=12.89 years; 47.9% female; 20.3% Hispanic/Latino/a, 15.0% Black, 2.1% Asian, 10.5% other) and their parents from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study, and biometric models were conducted in the twin subsample (n = 1,042 twin pairs; 43.3% monozygotic). Parents and youth reported on their family cultural values using the Mexican American Cultural Values Scale at youth age 11-12, and parents reported on youth internalizing and externalizing symptoms using the Child Behavior Checklist at youth ages 11-12 and 12-13. Greater parent- and youth-reported family cultural values predicted fewer youth internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Biometric models indicated that higher parent-reported family cultural values increased the nonshared environmental influences on externalizing symptoms whereas youth-reported family cultural values decreased the nonshared environmental influences on internalizing symptoms. This study highlights the need for behavior genetic research to consider a diverse range of cultural contexts to better understand the etiology of youth psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianna Rea-Sandin
- Department of Psychology, , University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Juan Del Toro
- Department of Psychology, , University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sylia Wilson
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Iannello NM, Caravita S, Papotti N, Gelati C, Camodeca M. Social Anxiety and Bullying Victimization in Children and Early Adolescents: The Role of Developmental Period and Immigrant Status. J Youth Adolesc 2024; 53:130-141. [PMID: 37759127 PMCID: PMC10761516 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-023-01865-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Research reveals that social anxiety may be predictive of bullying victimization, but it is not clear whether this relation stands for different groups of youth. The present study examines this association by employing a longitudinal design over 1 year and including the moderating role of developmental period (childhood vs. early adolescence) and students' immigrant status (native vs. non-native). T1 sample included 506 children (46.44% girls, mean age M = 8.55 years, SD = 0.55) and 310 early adolescents (50% girls, mean age = 12.54 years, SD = 0.59) recruited in schools in Northern Italy. Due to missing cases and drop-outs from T1 to T2, the final sample comprised 443 and 203 students from primary and middle school, respectively. Social anxiety and peer victimization were assessed through self-reported questionnaires. Results indicated that victimization at T2 was predicted by a 3-way interaction between T1 social anxiety, immigrant status, and developmental period. In particular, socially anxious early adolescents with an immigrant background were the most victimized. The results are discussed in terms of group dynamics and intergroup processes. The findings highlight the importance of personal variables in the cumulation of risks: social anxiety is more predictive of bullying victimization for immigrant early adolescents than for children or native early adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simona Caravita
- University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
- Catholic University of Sacred Heart Brescia, Milan, Italy
| | - Noemi Papotti
- Catholic University of Sacred Heart Brescia, Milan, Italy
- University of Genova, Genova, Italy
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Pollak I, Stiehl KAM, Birchwood J, Schrank B, Zechner KA, Wiesner C, Woodcock KA. Promoting Peer Connectedness Through Social-Emotional Learning: Evaluating the Intervention Effect Mechanisms and Implementation Factors of a Social-Emotional Learning Programme for 9 to 12-Year-Olds. J Youth Adolesc 2024; 53:89-116. [PMID: 37796373 PMCID: PMC10761397 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-023-01871-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
There is little evidence regarding the effect mechanisms of social-emotional learning programs on children's peer relationships. The current study evaluated a novel school-based social-emotional learning program for the first year of secondary school assessing effects on social-emotional skills, peer connectedness, happiness, student and teacher classroom climate. The sample included 19 intervention classrooms (n = 399) and 16 waitlist-control classrooms (n = 281), with a mean age of 10.34 (SD = 0.76) and 48.8% girls. The main intervention effect analysis followed a per-protocol approach and was thus conducted with eight classes that finished all sessions (n = 195) and the control group classes (n = 281). It was further hypothesized that increases in social-emotional skills would predict peer connectedness and class climate increases, which would predict happiness. Results indicated significant intervention effects for social skills, peer connectedness and happiness. Classroom climate declined for both groups, seemingly affected by the school transition. Hypothesized relationships between target variables were partly supported with significant effects of social-emotional skills on connectedness and significant effects of peer connectedness on happiness for children reporting connectedness decreases. Additional analyses were conducted including all classrooms to compare the intervention's effectiveness across different implementation progress groups. Significant group differences were found, indicating that implementation aspects impact intervention outcomes. The findings indicate that universal, school-based social-emotional leaning programs are effective approaches to support peer relationships in the context of the school transition. However, more implementation support seems to be needed to ensure best-practice delivery and achieve maximal intervention effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Pollak
- D.O.T. Research Group for Mental Health of Children and Adolescents, Ludwig Boltzmann Society at Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria.
- Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Scientific Working Group, D.O.T.-Die offene Tür (The open door), Krems, Austria.
- Centre for Applied Psychology, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
- Department of Health and Clinical Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Katharina A M Stiehl
- D.O.T. Research Group for Mental Health of Children and Adolescents, Ludwig Boltzmann Society at Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria
- Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Scientific Working Group, D.O.T.-Die offene Tür (The open door), Krems, Austria
- Department of Health and Clinical Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Research Centre Transitional Psychiatry at the Tulln University Hospital, Krems, Austria
| | - James Birchwood
- School of Education, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Beate Schrank
- D.O.T. Research Group for Mental Health of Children and Adolescents, Ludwig Boltzmann Society at Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria
- Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Scientific Working Group, D.O.T.-Die offene Tür (The open door), Krems, Austria
- Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Research Centre Transitional Psychiatry at the Tulln University Hospital, Krems, Austria
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Tulln, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Kerstin Angelika Zechner
- Department of Diversity, University College of Teacher Education in Lower Austria, Baden, Austria
| | - Christian Wiesner
- Department of Diversity, University College of Teacher Education in Lower Austria, Baden, Austria
| | - Kate Anne Woodcock
- Centre for Applied Psychology, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Institute for Mental Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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10
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Elam KK, Su J, Kutzner J, Trevino A. Individual Trajectories of Depressive Symptoms Within Racially-Ethnically Diverse Youth: Associations with Polygenic Risk for Depression and Substance Use Intent and Perceived Harm. Behav Genet 2024; 54:86-100. [PMID: 38097814 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-023-10167-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
There are distinct individual trajectories of depressive symptoms across adolescence which are most often differentiated into low, moderate/stable, and high/increasing groups. Research has found genetic predisposition for depression associated with trajectories characterized by greater depressive symptoms. However, the majority of this research has been conducted in White youth. Moreover, a separate literature indicates that trajectories with elevated depressive symptoms can result in substance use. It is critical to identify depressive symptom trajectories, genetic predictors, and substance use outcomes in diverse samples in early adolescence to understand distinct processes and convey equitable benefits from research. Using data from the Adolescent Cognitive Brain Development Study (ABCD), we examined parent-reported depressive symptom trajectories within Black/African American (AA, n = 1783), White/European American (EA, n = 6179), and Hispanic/Latinx (LX, n = 2410) youth across four annual assessments in early adolescence (age 9-10 to 12-13). We examined racially/ethnically aligned polygenic scores (Dep-PGS) as predictors of trajectories as well as substance use intent and perceived substance use harm as outcomes at age 12-13. Differential trajectories were found in AA, EA, and LX youth but low and high trajectories were represented within each group. In EA youth, greater Dep-PGS were broadly associated with membership in trajectories with greater depressive symptoms. Genetic effects were not significant in AA and LX youth. In AA youth, membership in the low trajectory was associated with greater substance use intent. In EA youth, membership in trajectories with higher depressive symptoms was associated with greater substance use intent and less perceived harm. There were no associations between trajectories and substance use intent and perceived harm in LX youth. These findings indicate that there are distinct depressive symptom trajectories in AA, EA, and LX youth, accompanied by unique associations with genetic predisposition for depressive symptoms and substance use outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kit K Elam
- Department of Applied Health Science, Indiana University, 1025 E. 7th St., Suite 116, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA.
| | - Jinni Su
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Phoenix, USA
| | - Jodi Kutzner
- Department of Applied Health Science, Indiana University, 1025 E. 7th St., Suite 116, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Angel Trevino
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Phoenix, USA
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11
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Li Y, Scott Huebner E, Tian L. Deviant peer affiliation, self-control, and aggression during early adolescence: within-person effects and between-person differences. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2023:10.1007/s00787-023-02336-z. [PMID: 38133815 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02336-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Abundant studies have explored the relations among deviant peer affiliation, self-control, and aggression without separating within-person from between-person effects. Moreover, it is unclear whether self-control mediates the associations between deviant peer affiliation and aggression during early adolescence. This longitudinal study used Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Model to examine the dynamic relations among deviant peer affiliation, self-control, and aggression within individuals, including examining whether self-control mediated the relations between deviant peer affiliation and aggression. A total of 4078 early adolescents (54% boys, Mage = 9.91, SD = 0.73) completed questionnaires on four occasions across 2 years. Results indicated: (a) Deviant peer affiliation and aggression positively predicted each other; (b) Self-control and aggression negatively predicted each other but were unstable; (c) Deviant peer affiliation and self-control negatively predicted each other; and (d) Self-control mediated the path from aggression to deviant peer affiliation, but not vice versa. The results more precisely identify the relations among deviant peer affiliation, self-control, and aggression within individuals, providing valuable information for prevention and intervention programs targeted at alleviating early adolescent aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Li
- Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510631, People's Republic of China
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, People's Republic of China
| | - E Scott Huebner
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Lili Tian
- Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510631, People's Republic of China.
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Wang Y, Gao Y, Liu J, Bai R, Liu X. Reciprocal associations between early maladaptive schemas and depression in adolescence: long-term effects of childhood abuse and neglect. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2023; 17:134. [PMID: 38037149 PMCID: PMC10688108 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-023-00682-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent depression has grown to be a major social concern in China. During the coronavirus pandemic, the incidence of depression among Chinese adolescents increased substantially. More research is required to inform the prevention and intervention of adolescent depression in China. Depression is associated with Early Maladaptive Schemas (EMSs). Childhood abuse and neglect are distal antecedents of adolescent depression. It is not known how depression and EMSs interact in adolescence and how childhood abuse and neglect contribute to this relationship. This study aimed to examine the reciprocal relationships between depression and EMSs, as well as the long-term effects of childhood abuse and neglect on depression and EMSs during adolescence. The work also investigates gender differences in these mechanisms. METHODS Using a two-wave longitudinal design, we recruited 3,485 Chinese adolescents (Mage = 13.2; 43.2% females) from three Shanxi Province, China middle schools. All participants completed self-report questionnaires addressing childhood abuse and neglect, depression, and EMSs. Structural equation models examined reciprocal relationships between depression and EMS, as well as the effect of childhood abuse and neglect on depression and EMSs. Multi-group analysis addressed gender differences. RESULTS Results indicated that greater depression predicted more EMSs measured later, but EMSs did not predict subsequent depression. Childhood abuse and neglect had different effects on depression and EMSs during adolescence. Specifically, exposure to childhood abuse related to more severe depression and EMSs in adolescence and contributed to the perpetuation of EMSs by increasing depression. Exposure to childhood neglect showed a direct effect on depression and indirectly reinforced subsequent EMSs through depression. There were no gender differences. CONCLUSION These findings contribute to a better understanding of the emergence and course of depression in early adolescence, suggesting that childhood abuse and neglect are critical early risk factors. Additionally, depression plays a key role in promoting schema perpetuation among adolescents exposed to childhood maltreatment, providing important implications for relevant prevention and intervention in early adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Wang
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yemiao Gao
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Jinmeng Liu
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Rong Bai
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China.
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13
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Sasser J, Lecarie EK, Lemery-Chalfant K, Clifford S, Breitenstein RS, Davis MC, Doane LD. Concordance in parent-child and sibling actigraphy-measured sleep: Evidence among early adolescent twins and primary caregivers. Sleep Med 2023; 111:111-122. [PMID: 37757508 PMCID: PMC10615137 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2023.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Growing evidence suggests concordance between parent and youth sleep. However, no known study has simultaneously examined concordance among siblings' sleep patterns. This study investigated daily and average concordance in (1) parent-youth and (2) sibling actigraphy-measured sleep, as well as the degree to which sibling concordance varied by sleeping arrangements. METHODS 516 twin siblings (Mage = 10.74, 51% female; 30% monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs, 37% same-sex dizygotic pairs (DZ-ss), 33% opposite-sex DZ pairs (DZ-os)) and their primary caregivers (Mage = 40.59, 95% female) wore wrist-based accelerometers for 7 consecutive nights to measure sleep duration, efficiency, midpoint time, and latency. Primary caregivers also reported on demographics, youth pubertal status, and room-sharing. Two-level multilevel models were estimated to examine daily and average concordance in parent-youth and sibling sleep. RESULTS Daily concordance was observed between parent and youth sleep duration and midpoint; average concordance was found for sleep duration, midpoint, and latency. Within sibling dyads, daily and average concordance was evident across all sleep parameters (duration, efficiency, midpoint, latency), with generally stronger concordance patterns for MZ than DZ twin pairs, and for twins who shared a room with their co-twin. CONCLUSIONS This is the first known study to document concordance among parent-youth and siblings' actigraphy-measured sleep within the same study (i.e., triad). Our findings can help inform the development of family-level interventions targeting daily and overall sleep hygiene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeri Sasser
- Arizona State University, Department of Psychology, Tempe, AZ, United States.
| | - Emma K Lecarie
- Arizona State University, Department of Psychology, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | | | - Sierra Clifford
- Arizona State University, Department of Psychology, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | | | - Mary C Davis
- Arizona State University, Department of Psychology, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Leah D Doane
- Arizona State University, Department of Psychology, Tempe, AZ, United States
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14
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Cao L, Wang S, Li Y, Li Y, Yuan M, Chang J, Wang G, Su P. Longitudinal trajectories of sleep quality in correlation with maltreatment in early childhood: A cohort of Chinese early adolescents. J Affect Disord 2023; 340:462-470. [PMID: 37573894 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Child maltreatment may lead to sleep disturbance during the critical period of child development. Our study examined the effect of maltreatment in early childhood on trajectories of sleep quality among early adolescents. METHODS The study included 1611 participants (mean ± standard deviation age at baseline: 12.5 ± 0.5 years) from a middle school in southeastern China. Of these participants, 60.5 % were males. Information on early childhood maltreatment during pre-seventh grade was obtained through a self-report questionnaire at baseline, and sleep quality was collected at baseline and during follow-up. We used a group-based trajectory model to characterize trajectories of sleep quality. RESULTS The study identified four trajectories of sleep quality, namely the low sleep score group (25.0 %), the moderate-low sleep score group (51.0 %), the moderate-increasing sleep score (17.0 %), and the high-decreasing sleep score (7.0 %) group. After adjusting for covariates, the findings revealed that emotional abuse and physical abuse were associated with an increased risk of developing new-onset sleep disturbances in early adolescents. Particularly, emotional abuse (incidence rate ratio = 1.71, 95 % confidence interval: 1.08-2.71) significantly increased the risk of belonging to the high-decreasing sleep score group. Moreover, there existed a dose-response relationship between early childhood maltreatment and sleep quality trajectories, with a higher number of maltreatment types in early childhood correlating with a greater risk of belonging to the high-decreasing sleep score group. CONCLUSIONS The findings of our study provide compelling evidence indicating that specific types and cumulative maltreatment during early childhood contribute to sleep disturbances among early adolescents. The study findings highlight the significance of preventing and reducing early childhood maltreatment to enhance sleep quality during early adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Cao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No.81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Shaojie Wang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No.81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No.81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Yonghan Li
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No.81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Mengyuan Yuan
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No.81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Junjie Chang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No.81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Gengfu Wang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No.81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
| | - Puyu Su
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No.81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
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15
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Li Y, Kang Y, Zhu L, Yuan M, Li Y, Xu B, Zhang X, Wang G, Su P. Longitudinal correlates of bullying victimization among Chinese early adolescents: A cross-lagged panel network analysis. J Affect Disord 2023; 339:203-210. [PMID: 37437736 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bullying victimization is a major public health issue often faced by adolescents. This highlights the need to identify the relevant risk factors to inform intervention. Based on the ecological systems theory and applied cross-lagged panel network analysis, this study explored the longitudinal correlates of bullying victimization among Chinese early adolescents. METHODS A total of 1686 early adolescents (60.4 % were boys) from the Chinese Early Adolescent Cohort study were included in this study. Bullying victimization and its associated factors were assessed using the self-report questionnaires, which was administered from 2019 (T1), 2021 (T2), and 2022 (T3). The longitudinal relationships between bullying victimization and its correlates were examined using a cross-lagged panel network analysis. RESULTS 27.0 %, 14.9 %, and 13.2 % of the participants reported being bullied by peers at T1, T2, and T3, respectively. The temporal network suggested that individual-level (sex, depression, and anxiety), family-level (child abuse), school-level (satisfaction with classmates), and social-level (satisfaction with society) factors were associated with bullying victimization. The node with the greatest centrality strength was anxiety. Notably, relationship with teachers and classmates were the unique nodes in the T2 → T3 replication network. LIMITATIONS The sample is unrepresentative, as it is from only one middle school. CONCLUSIONS The findings provide important insights into bullying victimization prevention and intervention among Chinese early adolescents: 1) highlighting the importance of joint interventions across multiple departments; 2) focusing on the most central factors of bullying victimization; and 3) considering the effect of time when exploring the correlates of bullying victimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No.81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Yuqi Kang
- Ningxia Rehabilitation Medical Center, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, No.301 Zhengyuan North Street, Yinchuan 750002, Ningxia, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, No.316 Huangshan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Mengyuan Yuan
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No.81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Yonghan Li
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No.81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Baoyu Xu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No.81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Xueying Zhang
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Gengfu Wang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No.81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
| | - Puyu Su
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No.81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
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16
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Ma Q, Cui Y, Han X, Xiong Y, Xu J, Zhao H, Li X, Cheng W, Zhou Q. Association of maternal hypertension during pregnancy with brain structure and behavioral problems in early adolescence. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2023:10.1007/s00787-023-02305-6. [PMID: 37803213 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02305-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests an association between maternal hypertension during pregnancy and mental health in the offspring. However, less is known about the role of hypertensive pregnancy in behavioral symptoms and brain structures of the offspring as well as in their developmental changes. Here, we utilized neuroimaging and behavioral data from 11,878 participants aged 9-10 years and their 2-year follow-up from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study to investigate the long-term effects of maternal hypertension during pregnancy on early adolescent behavior and brain anatomy. Specifically, adolescents born of mothers with maternal hypertension are at risk of long-lasting behavioral problems, as manifested by higher externalizing and internalizing behavior scores at both 9-10 years and 11-12 years. These participants additionally presented with a higher cortical thickness, particularly in the fronto-parieto-temporal areas at 9-10 years. Four regions, including the left parahippocampus, left lateral orbitofrontal lobe, right superior temporal lobe and right temporal pole, remained thicker 2 years later. These findings were partially validated in rats modeled with Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) preeclampsia. Therefore, clinicians and women who experience hypertension during pregnancy should be warned of this risk, and healthcare providers should recommend appropriate clinical interventions for pregnancy-induced hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Ma
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yutong Cui
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xiaoyang Han
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yu Xiong
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jinghui Xu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Huanqiang Zhao
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xiaotian Li
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China.
- Department of Obstetrics, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China.
| | - Wei Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
- Fudan ISTBI-ZJNU Algorithm Centre for Brain-inspired Intelligence, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
- Shanghai Medical College and Zhongshan Hospital Immunotherapy Technology Transfer Center, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qiongjie Zhou
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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Wen X, Kang Y, Li Y, Yuan M, Li Y, Xu B, Su P, Wang G. Machine learning based suicidality risk prediction in early adolescence. Asian J Psychiatr 2023; 88:103716. [PMID: 37524008 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2023.103716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wen
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Yuqi Kang
- Ningxia Rehabilitation Medical Center, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, No. 301 Zhengyuan North Street, Yinchuan 750002, Ningxia, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Mengyuan Yuan
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Yonghan Li
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Baoyu Xu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Puyu Su
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
| | - Gengfu Wang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
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18
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Brookman R, Bird F, Harris CB, Grant KA. Social Anxiety Disorder: Associations with Peer-Liking, Discrimination, and Prejudicial Feelings in Early Adolescent Girls. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2023; 54:1231-1241. [PMID: 35195808 PMCID: PMC8863903 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-022-01336-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Social anxiety can have an adverse effect on social connections, educational achievement, and wellbeing. However, the extent to which students stigmatize their peers with social anxiety disorder (SAD) in female educational settings remains unknown. This study investigated the relationship between SAD, peer-liking and stigma in a cohort of early adolescent girls. The sample was 103 sixth and seventh graders attending three girls' schools in Australia. The students, aged between 10- and 13-years, were randomly allocated to either a control (n = 52) or experimental (n = 51) group. Participants completed an online survey while at school to examine their responses to one of two age-and-gender matched vignettes: a hypothetical peer with SAD (experimental condition), or without SAD (control condition). Contrary to expectations, group comparisons revealed that students with the SAD vignette liked their peer more than students with the non-SAD vignette. Also, students endorsed higher levels of pity, lower levels of fear, but similar levels of anger when considering their SAD (versus non-SAD) peer. In the SAD group, higher levels of pity were associated with greater peer-liking. The opposite pattern was evident in response to the non-SAD peer. Importantly, students discriminated less (preferred less social distance) in response to their peer with SAD. This points to the potential benefit of adolescent peer programs that aim to promote positive peer-relationships as a protective factor for students with SAD. Future research may examine gender and socio-economically diverse students to increase the confidence with which findings can be generalized to other educational settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Brookman
- The MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia.
| | - Fay Bird
- KYDS Youth Development Service, 265 Pacific Hwy, Lindfield, NSW, 2070, Australia
| | - Celia B Harris
- The MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Kerry-Ann Grant
- Health Education and Training Institute, Locked Bag 7118, Parramatta BC, NSW, 2124, Australia
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Ayers SL, Kulis SS, Marsiglia FF, Campos AP, Medina-Mora ME. Keepin' It REAL-Mantente REAL in Mexico: Longitudinal Examination of Youth Drug Resistance Strategies and Substance Use Among Early Adolescents. J Adolesc Health 2023; 73:412-420. [PMID: 37422739 PMCID: PMC10524980 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examined if culturally and linguistically adapted versions of a US-developed adolescent substance use prevention intervention, keepin' it REAL (kiREAL), for Mexico increases the use of drug resistance strategies and if increased use of resistance strategies subsequently leads to a reduction in the frequency of substance use (i.e., alcohol, cigarette, marijuana, and inhalants). METHODS Students (N = 5,522, 49% female, age range = 11-17) in 36 middle schools across three cities in Mexico were randomized into three conditions: (1) Mantente REAL (MREAL), the culturally adapted version, (2) kiREAL-S, the linguistically adapted version, and (3) Control. Using survey data collected at four time points, random intercept cross-lagged path analyses tested the direct and indirect effects of MREAL and kiREAL-S compared to Control. RESULTS At time 2, the number of drug resistance strategies used by students increased in both MREAL (β = 0.103, p = .001) and kiREAL-S (β = 0.064, p = .002) compared to Control. However, only MREAL lead to less frequent use of alcohol (β = -0.001, p = .038), cigarettes (β = -0.001, p = .019), marijuana (β = -0.002, p = .030), and inhalants (β = -0.001, p = .021) at time 4, mediated through increased use of drug resistance strategies. DISCUSSION This study provides evidence that MREAL and kiREAL-S are successful in spurring use of the drug resistance strategies that are the core component of the intervention. Only MREAL achieved long-term effects on substance use behaviors, the ultimate objective of these interventions. These findings provide support for the value and importance of rigorous cultural adaptation of efficacious prevention programs as a necessary condition for enhancing prevention benefits for participating youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L Ayers
- Global Center for Applied Health Research, School of Social Work, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona; Southwest Interdisciplinary Research Center, School of Social Work, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona.
| | - Stephen S Kulis
- Global Center for Applied Health Research, School of Social Work, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Flavio F Marsiglia
- Global Center for Applied Health Research, School of Social Work, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Ana Paola Campos
- Global Center for Applied Health Research, School of Social Work, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona; Southwest Interdisciplinary Research Center, School of Social Work, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Maria Elena Medina-Mora
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Interior Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico
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20
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Kardan O, Sereeyothin C, Schertz KE, Angstadt M, Weigard AS, Berman MG, Heitzeg MM, Rosenberg MD. Neighborhood air pollution is negatively associated with neurocognitive maturation in early adolescence. bioRxiv 2023:2023.04.28.538763. [PMID: 37205398 PMCID: PMC10187199 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.28.538763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The ability to maintain focus and process task-relevant information continues developing during adolescence, but the specific physical environmental factors that influence this development remain poorly characterized. One candidate factor is air pollution. Evidence suggests that small particulate matter and NO2 concentrations in the air may negatively impact cognitive development in childhood. We assessed the relationship between neighborhood air pollution and the changes in performance on the n-back task, a test of attention and working memory, in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study's baseline (ages 9-10) and two-year-follow-up releases (Y2, ages 11-12; n = 5,256). In the behavioral domain, multiple linear regression showed that developmental change in n-back task performance was negatively associated with neighborhood air pollution (β = -.044, t = -3.11, p = .002), adjusted for covariates capturing baseline cognitive performance of the child, their parental income and education, family conflicts, and their neighborhood's population density, crime rate, perceived safety, and Area Deprivation Index (ADI). The strength of the adjusted association for air pollution was similar to parental income, family conflict, and neighborhood ADI. In the neuroimaging domain, we evaluated a previously published youth cognitive composite Connectome-based Predictive Model (ccCPM), and again found that decreased developmental change in the strength of the ccCPM from pre- to early adolescence was associated with neighborhood air pollution (β = -.110, t = -2.69, p = .007), adjusted for the covariates mentioned above and head motion. Finally, we found that the developmental change in ccCPM strength was predictive of the developmental change in n-back performance (r = .157, p < .001), and there was an indirect-only mediation where the effect of air pollution on change in n-back performance was mediated by the change in the ccCPM strength (βindirect effect = -.013, p = .029). In conclusion, neighborhood air pollution is associated with lags in the maturation of youth cognitive performance and decreased strengthening of the brain networks supporting cognitive abilities over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Kardan
- University of Chicago, Department of Psychology, Chicago, IL
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychology, Ann Arbor, MI
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychiatry, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Kathryn E Schertz
- University of Chicago, Department of Psychology, Chicago, IL
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychology, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Mike Angstadt
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychiatry, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Marc G Berman
- University of Chicago, Department of Psychology, Chicago, IL
- University of Chicago, Neuroscience Institute, Chicago, IL
| | - Mary M Heitzeg
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychology, Ann Arbor, MI
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychiatry, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Monica D Rosenberg
- University of Chicago, Department of Psychology, Chicago, IL
- University of Chicago, Neuroscience Institute, Chicago, IL
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21
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Koopmans Y, Nelemans SA, Bosmans G, Van Den Noortgate W, Van Leeuwen K, Goossens L. Perceived Parental Support and Psychological Control, DNA Methylation, and Loneliness: Longitudinal Associations Across Early Adolescence. J Youth Adolesc 2023:10.1007/s10964-023-01822-6. [PMID: 37470939 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-023-01822-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
A broad range of factors have been associated with the development of adolescent loneliness. In the family context, a lack of parental support and high levels of parental psychological control have systematically been linked to loneliness. On the biological level, DNA methylation (which is an epigenetic process that suppresses gene expression) is believed to play a role in the development of loneliness. Specifically, high levels of DNA methylation in genes that play an important role in the functioning of the human stress response system are believed to elevate the risk of loneliness. Moreover, DNA methylation levels in these stress-related genes can be influenced by stressful environmental factors, suggesting a potential mediating role of DNA methylation in the association between parenting behaviors and loneliness. The current 3-year longitudinal study is the first study to examine the potential bidirectional longitudinal associations between loneliness, DNA methylation in stress-related genes, and both perceived parental support and psychological control. Furthermore, we explored the potential mediating role of DNA methylation in stress-related genes in the associations between perceived parenting and loneliness. The sample comprised 622 early adolescents (55% girls, Mage T1 = 10.77 years, SDage T1 = 0.48) who were followed from Grade 5 to 7. Parental support, psychological control, and loneliness were assessed annually by adolescent self-report questionnaires and DNA methylation was determined from saliva samples. Cross-Lagged Panel Models (CLPM) revealed that higher levels of loneliness predicted lower perceived parental support and higher perceived psychological control over time, as well as higher DNA methylation in some stress-related genes, that is, the glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1) and the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). In addition, higher NR3C1 methylation was predictive of lower perceived parental support and higher psychological control over time. No evidence was found for a mediating role of DNA methylation. Overall, our longitudinal findings challenge the current focus on DNA methylation and parenting behaviors as risk factors for adolescent loneliness. Instead, they suggest that the less considered direction of effects, which implies that loneliness predicts DNA methylation and aspects of parenting such as support and psychological control, should receive greater attention in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yentl Koopmans
- School Psychology and Development in Context, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Stefanie A Nelemans
- Department of Youth and Family, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Guy Bosmans
- Department of Clinical Psychology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Luc Goossens
- School Psychology and Development in Context, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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22
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Walsh RJ, Lee NC, Lemmers-Jansen ILJ, Hollarek M, Sijtsma H, van Buuren M, Krabbendam L. A Few Close Friends? Adolescent Friendships' Effect on Internalizing Symptoms Is Serially Mediated by Desire for More Friends and Social Goal Orientation. J Youth Adolesc 2023; 52:1357-1373. [PMID: 37120791 PMCID: PMC10175381 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-023-01780-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Interpersonal connection is a fundamental human motivation, and the extent to which it is fulfilled is a strong predictor of symptoms of internalizing disorders such as social anxiety and depression, perhaps especially during the "social reorienting" period of adolescence. However, little is known about the contribution to this effect of the individual's social motivations, which are intensified during adolescence. Furthermore, social goal orientation - an individual's priorities and intentions in social interactions - is an important predictor of vulnerability to internalizing symptoms. Adolescents spend most of their waking lives in classrooms, bounded social networks with a limited pool of candidates for befriending. This study investigated whether friendships within one's class protects against internalizing symptoms in part by reducing the desire for more classmate friendships, which may tend to promote maladaptive social goals. Participants were 423 young adolescents (M age = 13.2, sd = 0.52 years; 49.4% girls). As predicted, adolescents' number of reciprocated classroom friendships had a protective effect on internalizing symptoms which was serially mediated by desire for more such friendships, and social goal orientation. However, only demonstration-avoidance goals significantly predicted internalizing symptoms. Unreciprocated friendship nominations were unexpectedly associated with stronger desire and more social anxiety symptoms. The results suggest that the effect of number of friends is mediated by the individual's thoughts and feelings about their number of friendships, such that a strong desire for more friendships promotes maladaptive goals, oriented toward social status and consequently less oriented toward the cultivation of interpersonal intimacy with the friends they already have.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reubs J Walsh
- Department of Clinical, Neuro-, and Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Behavior and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
- Institute for Brain and Behavior Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
- LEARN! Interfaculty Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Nikki C Lee
- Department of Clinical, Neuro-, and Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Behavior and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Institute for Brain and Behavior Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- LEARN! Interfaculty Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Imke L J Lemmers-Jansen
- Department of Clinical, Neuro-, and Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Behavior and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Institute for Brain and Behavior Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- LEARN! Interfaculty Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Miriam Hollarek
- Department of Clinical, Neuro-, and Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Behavior and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Institute for Brain and Behavior Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- LEARN! Interfaculty Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hester Sijtsma
- Department of Clinical, Neuro-, and Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Behavior and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Institute for Brain and Behavior Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- LEARN! Interfaculty Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mariët van Buuren
- Department of Clinical, Neuro-, and Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Behavior and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Institute for Brain and Behavior Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- LEARN! Interfaculty Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lydia Krabbendam
- Department of Clinical, Neuro-, and Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Behavior and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Institute for Brain and Behavior Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- LEARN! Interfaculty Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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23
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Beckwith S, Li M, Barker KM, Gayles J, Kågesten AE, Lundgren R, Villalobos Dintrans P, Wilopo SA, Moreau C. The Impacts of Two Gender-Transformative Interventions on Early Adolescent Gender Norms Perceptions: A Difference-in-Difference Analysis. J Adolesc Health 2023; 73:S55-S64. [PMID: 37330822 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2022.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Inequitable gender norms are widespread and can be harmful to the wellbeing of adolescents. This study estimates the effects of two gender-transformative interventions, Semangat Dunia Remaja or Teen Aspirations (SETARA) and Growing Up Great! (GUG!), on gender norms perceptions and attitudes among very young adolescents in poor urban settings in Bandar Lampung, Semarang, Denpasar (Indonesia), and Kinshasa (Democratic Republic of the Congo). METHODS The study draws from the longitudinal Global Early Adolescent Study, using a quasi-experimental design to evaluate the interventions. Data collection took place between 2017 and 2020. Our analytical samples included 2,159 adolescents in Kinshasa and 3,335 in Indonesia. We conducted a difference-in-difference analysis using generalized estimation equations and generalized linear models, after stratification by site and sex. RESULTS The interventions shifted a range of gender perceptions, although effects varied by program, city, and sex. SETARA shifted gender-normative perceptions related to traits, roles, and relations, while GUG! effects were more concentrated on attitudes toward chore sharing. SETARA was most effective in Semarang and Denpasar, but not in Bandar Lampung. In addition, both interventions were more consistently effective for girls than boys. DISCUSSION Gender-transformative interventions can effectively promote gender equality in early adolescence, but effects are program-specific and context-specific. Our findings emphasize the importance of defined theories of change and consistent implementation in gender-transformative intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Beckwith
- Department of Population and Family Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Mengmeng Li
- Department of Population and Family Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kathryn M Barker
- Department of Medicine, Center on Gender Equity and Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Jennifer Gayles
- Department of Global Health, Save the Children Federation, Washington, D.C
| | - Anna E Kågesten
- Global and Sexual Health Research Group, Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rebecka Lundgren
- Department of Medicine, Center on Gender Equity and Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Pablo Villalobos Dintrans
- Programa Centro Salud Pública, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Estación Central, Región Metropolitana, Chile
| | - Siswanto Agus Wilopo
- Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Center for Reproductive Health, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Caroline Moreau
- Department of Population and Family Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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24
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Pinandari AW, Kågesten AE, Li M, Moreau C, van Reeuwijk M, Wilopo SA. Short-Term Effects of a School-Based Comprehensive Sexuality Education Intervention Among Very Young Adolescents in Three Urban Indonesian Settings: A Quasi-Experimental Study. J Adolesc Health 2023; 73:S21-S32. [PMID: 37330818 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effects of a comprehensive sexuality education (CSE) intervention on short-term psychosocial outcomes related to healthy sexuality among very young adolescents in urban Indonesia. METHODS A quasi-experimental study was conducted between 2018 and 2021 with students aged 10-14 years at 18 schools in Indonesia (Lampung, Denpasar, Semarang). Three schools per site were purposefully selected to receive the SEmangaT duniA RemajA intervention, a two-year, rights-based teacher-led CSE intervention delivered in classrooms (or online after the 2020 COVID-19 outbreak); and matched with three control schools. Surveys were completed by 3,825 students at pre- and posttest (82% retention). The final analytical sample included 1852 intervention and 1483 control students (N = 3,335). Difference-in-difference analysis was conducted to examine the intervention effect on healthy sexuality competencies (knowledge, skills, and attitudes) and personal sexual well-being. RESULTS Baseline characteristics for intervention and control groups were similar in terms of sex (57% female) and age (mean 12 years). Students receiving SEmangaT duniA RemajA demonstrated significantly greater increase in competencies, including greater pregnancy knowledge, more gender equal attitudes, and communication about sexual and reproductive health and rights, compared to controls. There was no intervention effect on personal sexual well-being, except for self-efficacy to prevent pregnancy. Subgroup analysis indicated more significant effects among females and students in Semarang and Denpasar, than males or students in Lampung. DISCUSSION While findings demonstrate the potential for CSE programs to improve healthy sexuality competencies in early adolescence, the effect appears to be highly contextualized which may be due to varying levels of implementation quality, especially since the COVID-19 outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anggriyani Wahyu Pinandari
- Center for Reproductive Health, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Population Health, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Anna E Kågesten
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Mengmeng Li
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Caroline Moreau
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Siswanto Agus Wilopo
- Center for Reproductive Health, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Population Health, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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25
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Nomaguchi K, Allen A. Mother-Child Relationship Quality from Preschool to Adolescence: Variation by Maternal Education. Pers Relatsh 2023; 30:399-418. [PMID: 37485043 PMCID: PMC10361254 DOI: 10.1111/pere.12475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Using longitudinal data from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (N = 1,088), we examine changes in maternal perception of closeness and conflict in the mother-child relationship from the child's preschool to adolescent years, with attention to variation by maternal education. Analyses using individual growth models show that mother-child closeness increases, while mother-child conflict decreases from preschool to first grade. From first grade to age 15, mother-child closeness decreases, while mother-child conflict increases, both gradually. The decrease in mother-child conflict from preschool to first grade and the increases in mother-child conflict from first to fifth grade, sixth grade, and age 15 are less steep for mothers with a college degree than for mothers without a college degree. These findings underscore the importance of examining changes in parent-child relationships using longitudinal data across children's developmental stages and their variations by parental social and economic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Nomaguchi
- Department of Sociology, Bowling Green State University
| | - Amira Allen
- Study of Culture and Society, Drake University
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26
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Eugene DR, Blalock C, Nmah J, Baiden P. Suicidal Behaviors in Early Adolescence: The Interaction Between School Connectedness and Mental Health. School Ment Health 2023; 15:444-455. [PMID: 38186858 PMCID: PMC10768848 DOI: 10.1007/s12310-022-09559-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has identified mental health symptoms such as depression and aggression as contributing factors associated with suicidal ideation and attempts in adolescence. However, much of this work has focused on older adolescents (ages > 14) resulting in a dearth of knowledge about early adolescents under 12 years. Moreover, much less is known about school connectedness as a protective factor in the relationship between mental health symptoms and suicidal behaviors. This study examined the interaction effect between school connectedness and mental health symptoms on suicidal behaviors among early adolescents aged 9-12 years. Data were drawn from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study and yielded an analytic sample (n = 2826) that was majority male (52%), Black (53%), and with an average age of 9.3 years. Data were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. Among participants, 2% experienced suicidal ideation, and 2% experienced suicide attempts. Black adolescents were more than five times more likely to experience a suicide attempt compared to their White peers (AOR = 5.37; 95% CI = 1.71-16.95; p = .004). There was a significant interaction effect between withdrawn depressed symptoms and school connectedness (AOR = .95; 95% CI = .91-98; p = .006), and between aggressive behavior and school connectedness (AOR = 1.02; 95% CI = 1.01-1.03; p = .001) on suicide attempts. School connectedness did not moderate the relationship between mental health symptoms and suicidal ideation. The findings have important practical implications, which are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle R. Eugene
- School of Social Work, University of Texas at Arlington, 211 S. Cooper St., Box 19129, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Cristin Blalock
- School of Social Work, University of Texas at Arlington, 211 S. Cooper St., Box 19129, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Juterh Nmah
- School of Social Sciences and Education, California State University, 9001 Stockdale Hwy, Mail Stop: 22 EDUC, Bakersfield, CA 93311, USA
| | - Philip Baiden
- School of Social Work, University of Texas at Arlington, 211 S. Cooper St., Box 19129, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
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27
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Valente J, Pietrobom T, Mihic J, Caetano S, Mari J, Sanchez ZM. Externalizing and internalizing problems as predictors of alcohol-related harm and binge drinking in early adolescence: The role of gender. J Affect Disord 2023; 327:167-174. [PMID: 36623566 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Externalizing problems are commonly associated with alcohol outcomes in adolescence. Nevertheless, findings regarding internalizing problems are mixed, and fewer longitudinal studies have considered the both problems concomitantly and the role of gender. We examined the role of externalizing and internalizing problems in predicting adolescent alcohol-related harm and binge drinking, taking into account the gender differences. We also evaluated if externalizing problems could moderate the association between internalizing problems and alcohol outcomes. METHOD We used longitudinal data from 2368 8th grade students across 37 public schools in three Brazilian cities. Linear and logistic regressions were performed to analyze the association between alcohol outcomes and the independent variables (externalization and internalization scores, and sociodemographic variables) according to gender. We also tested the same model with an interaction term between externalizing*internalizing. RESULTS Our results suggest that externalizing problems predict adolescents' binge drinking in both genders; it also may predict adolescents' alcohol-related harms, but only in boys. Internalizing problems seem to be a gender-specific risk factor for binge drinking among girls. All findings are independent of comorbid problems and sociodemographic variables. LIMITATION The findings should be considered taking into account the short follow-up period from risk factors to the outcomes. CONCLUSION Our results highlight the contribution of internalizing and externalizing problems to the development of alcohol-related harm and binge drinking in early adolescence and the need for interventions to prevent early behavioral problems that consider the role played by gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Valente
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tania Pietrobom
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Josipa Mihic
- Department of Behavioural Disorders, University of Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sheila Caetano
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jair Mari
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Zila M Sanchez
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil.
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28
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Amorim M, Soares S, Abrahamyan A, Severo M, Fraga S. Patterns of childhood adversity and health outcomes in early adolescence: Results from the generation XXI cohort. Prev Med 2023; 171:107500. [PMID: 37031908 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2023.107500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
This longitudinal population-based birth cohort study aims to identify childhood adversity patterns over the first 13 years of life and to examine its association with health-related behaviours and outcomes in early adolescence. Using data from the Portuguese birth cohort Generation XXI, we performed latent class analysis to explore the underlying patterns of adversity from birth to early adolescence, using 13 adversity items assessed in five time points. Health-related behaviours and outcomes were evaluated at 13 years. Adjusting for parental unemployment, logistic regression models were performed to determine the association between adversity patterns and outcomes. Among 8647 participants, three adversity patterns were identified: "low adversity" (56.1%), "household dysfunction" (17.2%) and "multiple adversities" (26.7%). For the "household dysfunction" pattern, girls and boys showed associations with increased odds of alcohol/tobacco use (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.78; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.32-2.40; AOR:1.84; CI:1.38-2.46, respectively) and depressive symptoms (AOR:2.34; CI:1.58-3.48; AOR:5.45; CI:2.86-10.38, respectively). Boys also presented low consumption of fruits/vegetables (AOR:1.51; CI:1.04-2.19). For the "multiple adversities" pattern, both girls and boys showed an increased probability of alcohol/tobacco use (AOR:1.82; CI:1.42-2.33; AOR:1.63; CI:1.30-2.05, respectively) and depressive symptoms (AOR:3.41; CI:2.46-4.72; AOR:5.21; CI:2.91-9.32, respectively). Boys also revealed increased odds of low consumption of fruits/vegetables (AOR:1.67; CI:1.24-2.23). Childhood adversity patterns are associated with unhealthy behaviours and depressive symptoms in early adolescence. Public policies and early interventions targeting vulnerable children, families and communities can potentially reduce the detrimental effects of adversities on health and promote individual and community resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Amorim
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Soares
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
| | - Arminé Abrahamyan
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
| | - Milton Severo
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Fraga
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal.
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29
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Seekis V, Farrell L, Zimmer-Gembeck M. A classroom-based pilot of a self-compassion intervention to increase wellbeing in early adolescents. Explore (NY) 2023; 19:267-270. [PMID: 35691865 DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A Classroom-Based Pilot of a Self-Compassion Intervention to Increase Wellbeing in Early adolescents Abstract Objective: Our first aim was to examine the effect of a 4-week self-compassion-based intervention on emotional well-being in a school classroom of early adolescents. The second aim was to evaluate feasibility and acceptability of the program within a classroom setting. Design: This study was a pre-post pilot design utilizing paired sample t -tests to examine within-person changes in the outcome measures prior to, and following, the intervention. Bivariate correlations were also used to assess covariation between the pre-to-post change scores in self-compassion and the pre-to-post change scores in the outcome measures. SETTING The intervention was conducted during a wellbeing class at a culturally diverse secondary school. PARTICIPANTS The sample comprised 18 students aged 12- to 14-years old ( M age = 12.44, SD = 0.61). Intervention: A brief self-compassion-based program, Be Kind to Yourself, Inspire Others, was developed specifically for early adolescents and delivered across four 70- minute lessons. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The outcome measures were self-compassion, resilience, perceived stress, social and general anxiety, and peer and school connectedness. RESULTS Findings revealed significant increases in self-compassion, resilience, and peer connectedness, and significant decreases in social and general anxiety at posttest, with small to medium effect sizes (Hedges' g = 0.30-0.67). No significant differences were found for perceived stress and school connectedness. Pre-to-post changes in self-compassion covaried with pre-to-post changes in resilience and peer connectedness. Feasibility and acceptability were high. Findings suggest that a brief, classroom-based self-compassion intervention may be feasible and effective in improving indicators of emotional well-being among early adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veya Seekis
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Parklands Drive, Gold Coast 4222, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Lara Farrell
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Parklands Drive, Gold Coast 4222, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Melanie Zimmer-Gembeck
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Parklands Drive, Gold Coast 4222, Queensland, Australia.
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Xu Y, Hu Q, Zhang J, Guo Z, Hong D, Huang Y, Lv Y, Jiang S. A short-term follow-up study on the relationship between early adolescent proactive/reactive aggression and sleep quality. Sleep Med 2023; 101:535-542. [PMID: 36565596 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2022.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE/BACKGROUND Sleep quality is closely related to aggressive behavior. Previous studies rarely focused on the relationship between proactive/reactive aggression and sleep quality through a person-centered approach. METHODS The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Scale and the Reactive-Proactive Aggression Questionnaire were used to assess 553 elementary and middle school students twice at 6-month intervals to better understand the relationship between proactive/reactive aggression and sleep quality in early adolescence. RESULTS Findings revealed that (1) Sleep quality was positive longitudinally related to both proactive aggression and reactive aggression; Proactive aggression negatively influenced sleep quality, and reactive aggression did not influence sleep quality longitudinally. (2) The sleep quality of persistent non-aggressors and stopped aggressors was significantly better than that of persistent aggressors and new aggressors. CONCLUSION In early adolescence, proactive aggression was mutually related to sleep quality. Therefore, future research should focus on the bidirectional association between aggression and sleep quality. In addition, we should improve the sleep quality for different types of aggressors and transformers, especially for new aggressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Xu
- School of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qian Hu
- School of Foreign Languages, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jiaying Zhang
- School of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhaoming Guo
- School of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Defan Hong
- School of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yingying Huang
- School of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yijun Lv
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Suo Jiang
- School of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Garthe RC, Kim S, Welsh M, Wegmann K, Klingenberg J. Cyber-Victimization and Mental Health Concerns among Middle School Students Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Youth Adolesc 2023; 52:840-51. [PMID: 36754916 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-023-01737-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic had significant impacts on adolescents' mental health and social interactions; however, little is known about cyber-victimization and mental health concerns from before to during the pandemic. The current study addressed this gap, while also examining how social media use and disagreements with friends during the pandemic were associated with cyber-victimization and mental health outcomes. Participants included 272 youth in the U.S. (56% female; 32% White), surveyed in fall 2019 (Mage = 11.75, SD = 0.68) and spring 2021 (Mage = 13.11, SD = 0.75). Adolescents reported increases in mental health symptoms and decreases in cyber-victimization. Experiencing more cyber-victimization before the pandemic was associated with significant increases in anxiety, depression, and social stress. The results suggest bolstering violence prevention programming in schools to reduce the likelihood of cyber-victimization and associated mental health outcomes.
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Yang P, Zhao S, Li D, Ma Y, Liu J, Chen X, French D. Bullying victimization and depressive symptoms in Chinese adolescents: A moderated mediation model of self-esteem and friendship intimacy. J Affect Disord 2022; 319:48-56. [PMID: 36126786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a major mental disorder and poses a serious threat to public health. Bullying victimization is identified as one of the major risk factors for depression in adolescence. Understanding the mechanism that explain why bullying victimization leads to depression, and identifying protective factors that could alleviate the negative effects of bullying victimization are pivotal to developing effective intervention programs. METHODS A sample of Chinese adolescents in junior high schools (N = 458, 50.58 % girls, M age = 11.63 years at T1) was followed for three years. The data on depression, bullying victimization, self-esteem, and friendship intimacy were collected from adolescents' self-report. RESULTS After controlling related variables, T1 bullying victimization positively predicted T3 depressive symptoms. T2 self-esteem mediated the link between T1 bullying victimization and T3 depressive symptoms when T1 friendship intimacy was low. More specifically, only for youth who reported low friendship intimacy, bullying victimization would lead to a lower level of self-esteem, which in turn, was associated with a higher level of depression. LIMITATIONS The study only considered the roles of self-esteem as the mediator and friendship intimacy as the moderator. All measures were based on self-report. CONCLUSIONS The results highlighted the role of friendship intimacy and self-esteem in the longitudinal relation between bullying victimization and depressive symptoms. The results suggest that intervention programs aiming at reducing victimized adolescents' depressive symptoms should consider the buffering effect of friendship intimacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Yang
- Department of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200030, PR China
| | - Siman Zhao
- Department of Psychology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200030, PR China.
| | - Yange Ma
- Department of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200030, PR China
| | - Junsheng Liu
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200333, PR China
| | - Xinyin Chen
- Division of Applied Psychology-Human Development, Graduate School of Education, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Doran French
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University, IN, USA
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Hosokawa R, Tomozawa R, Fujimoto M, Anzai S, Sato M, Tazoe H, Katsura T. Association between sleep habits and behavioral problems in early adolescence: a descriptive study. BMC Psychol 2022; 10:254. [PMID: 36335370 PMCID: PMC9636702 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-022-00958-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sleep habits are related to children's behavior, emotions, and cognitive functioning. A strong relationship exists between sleep habits and behavioral problems. However, precisely which sleep habits are associated with behavioral problems remains unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to clarify the relationship between sleep habits and behavioral problems in early adolescence. Methods This study used data from a larger longitudinal research, specifically, data from the year 2021. First-year junior high school students (12–14 years) in Japan were surveyed; their parents (N = 1288) completed a parent-report questionnaire. The main survey items were subject attributes, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Results Of the 652 valid responses received, 604 individuals who met the eligibility criteria (no developmental disability in the child and completion of all survey items) were included in the analysis. To examine the relationship between sleep habits and behavioral problems, logistic regression analysis using the inverse weighted method with propensity score was conducted with sleep habits (sleep quality, time to fall asleep, sleep duration, sleep efficiency, sleep difficulty, use of sleeping pills, difficulty waking during the day, and sleep disturbances) as explanatory variables and behavioral problems (overall difficulty in SDQ) as objective variables. The propensity score was calculated by employing the logistic regression using the inverse weighted method based on propensity scores. Propensity scores were calculated based on gender, family structure, household income, and parental educational background. The results showed that behavioral problems tended to be significantly higher in the group at risk for sleep quality, sleep difficulties, daytime arousal difficulties, and sleep disturbances than in the group with no risk. Conclusion The results suggest that deterioration in sleep quality, sleep difficulties, daytime arousal difficulties, and sleep disturbances may increase the risk of behavioral problems in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikuya Hosokawa
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan
| | - Riho Tomozawa
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan
| | - Megumi Fujimoto
- grid.444356.40000 0004 0616 2895Osaka Seikei University, Osaka, 533-0007 Japan
| | - Sumire Anzai
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan
| | - Mai Sato
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan
| | - Haruko Tazoe
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan
| | - Toshiki Katsura
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan ,grid.410780.a0000 0004 0642 4306Faculty of Nursing, Meiji University of Integrative Medicine, Kyoto, 629-0392 Japan
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Beckwith S, Lou C, Michielsen K, Mafuta E, Wilopo SA, Blum RW. Violence Perpetration in Early Adolescence: A Study of Four Urban Communities Worldwide. J Adolesc Health 2022; 71:616-627. [PMID: 35961872 PMCID: PMC9560240 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2022.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Violence perpetration is common among adolescents worldwide but existing research largely focuses on boys, older adolescents, and partner violence. Our study sought to identify individual, family, and neighborhood/peer factors associated with violence perpetration in a multinational sample of male and female young adolescents. METHODS We used cross-sectional data from 5,762 adolescents in four sites in the Global Early Adolescent Study: Flanders, Belgium; Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo; Shanghai, China; and Semarang, Indonesia. Adolescents resided in high-poverty urban areas and were aged 10 to 14 years. Logistic regression examined pooled and stratified associations between independent variables with peer violence perpetration in the past six months. Factors included media viewing habits, gender norms, victimization, agency/empowerment, adversity, depression, familial relationships, neighborhood cohesion, and peer behaviors. RESULTS Restricted-model analyses found increased odds of violence perpetration associated with high media consumption, pornography viewing, violence or bullying victimization, having drank alcohol, depressive symptoms, adverse childhood experiences, greater behavioral control, greater decision-making, feeling unsafe in the neighborhood/school, peer alcohol/tobacco use, and witnessing peers start a fight. Decreased odds of violence perpetration were associated with more egalitarian views on two gender norms scales, closer parental relationships, neighbors looking out for one another, and greater availability of adult help. DISCUSSION Among young adolescents, increased odds of violence perpetration were related to a perceived lack of safety and risky peer behaviors. Parental and neighborhood connections were often associated with decreased perpetration. Further research examining the interplay of such factors among young adolescents is needed to inform effective intervention and policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Beckwith
- Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Chaohua Lou
- Department of Epidemiology & Social Science, NHC Key Lab. of Reproductive Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kristien Michielsen
- International Centre for Reproductive Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eric Mafuta
- Health Systems Policy and Management Department, University of Kinshasa School of Public Health, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Siswanto Agus Wilopo
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Population Health and Center for Reproductive Health, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Robert Wm Blum
- Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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Gibbs BG, Kenealey E. The Academic Cost of Worry Among Socioeconomically Disadvantaged Children. Matern Child Health J 2022; 26:2137-2154. [PMID: 35962876 PMCID: PMC9375074 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-022-03486-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Worry and loneliness looms large in American schools, especially in the social years of early adolescence where friendships are in flux and children strive to fit in and do well academically. We examine a nationally-representative sample of American 5th graders to document the extent of academic worry and loneliness, its costs for academic performance, and how social class can disrupt or exacerbate its associations. Methods Based on a nationally representative longitudinal survey (ECLS-K 2010–2011) of childhood (N = 5750), we examine if a child’s self-reported worry and loneliness are associated with standardized math and reading scores using OLS regression. We explore whether these associations vary by socioeconomic status. Results We find that academic worry is a strong predictor of math and reading skill. The association is amplified for disadvantaged students. Patterns hold when accounting for a host of other factors and are replicated in the ECLS-K 1998–1999. Loneliness and its association with math and reading performance was not statistically significant. Conclusions for Practice As academic worry is negatively associated with standardized math and reading skills, practitioners can be especially attuned to how these patterns are amplified for children in low socioeconomic households. Utilizing a nationally representative survey of early adolescence, we show that worry (and less so loneliness) is associated with math and reading skills and that these associations are moderated by socioeconomic status—disadvantaged students have a higher negative association with math and reading performance when they worry about their academic performance compared to advantaged students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin G Gibbs
- Department of Sociology, Brigham Young University, 2023 JFSB, Provo, UT, 84602, USA.
| | - Elizabeth Kenealey
- Department of Sociology, Brigham Young University, 2023 JFSB, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
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Smith AD, Chipeta E, Stones W, Mmari K. Why do young people engage in dating relationships during early adolescence? An inter-generational qualitative analysis from Blantyre, Malawi. Cult Health Sex 2022; 24:842-855. [PMID: 33750271 DOI: 10.1080/13691058.2021.1889672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Engagement in dating relationships plays an important role in the health trajectories of young people, particularly during the early adolescent period between ages 10-14. Yet little is known about such relationships among youth in low resource contexts. This study sought to contribute to the literature on this topic by exploring reasons why school-going young people aged 12-14 years engage in dating relationships in Blantyre, Malawi. A thematic analysis was used to code and analyse in-depth interview data from 23 young people and 19 caregivers. Against the backdrop of growing sexual desires and feelings of attraction, participants stressed harassment from boys and coercion from older men, peer pressure, social status attainment, financial deprivation and encouragement during initiation ceremonies as reasons for engaging in dating relationships. Girls were found to be subject to multiple power dynamics-including gender power relations, as well as power dynamics within same-gender peer groups-that influenced their sex and relationship involvement. These findings carry implications for the design and timing of sexual and reproductive health youth programmes in Sub-Saharan Africa and emphasise the need for multi-level interventions to address the multiple influences in young people's dating lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie D Smith
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Effie Chipeta
- Centre for Reproductive Health, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - William Stones
- Centre for Reproductive Health, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Kristin Mmari
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Bullo A, Schulz PJ. Parent-child Communication, Social Norms, and the Development of Cyber Aggression in Early Adolescence. J Youth Adolesc 2022; 51:1774-1786. [PMID: 35595923 PMCID: PMC9279223 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-022-01625-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To understand the development of cyber aggression during adolescence, it is important to consider the temporal variability of its potential predictors. This study uses a four-wave survey to investigate how changes in peer norms, parental norms, and parental communication are associated with two-year trajectories of online peer aggression. The sample includes 1521 Swiss middle school students (Mage T1 = 11.54, SD = 0.40; 48% female). The results showed that over time a better parental communication quality and anti-aggression norms predicted lower rates and slower development of cyber aggression. Moreover, parental variables emerged as a quite stable deterrent of aggressive conduct. Although entrance into adolescence is characterized by the rise of peer influence, results from this study suggest that parents maintain an important protective role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bullo
- Faculty of Communication, Culture and Society, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Peter J Schulz
- Faculty of Communication, Culture and Society, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland. .,Department of Communications and Media, Ewha Womans Univeristy, Seoul, South Korea.
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Zhang T, Park D, Ungar LH, Tsukayama E, Luo L, Duckworth AL. The development of grit and growth mindset in Chinese children. J Exp Child Psychol 2022; 221:105450. [PMID: 35596980 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2022.105450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In a recent longitudinal study of U.S. adolescents, grit predicted rank-order increases in growth mindset and, to a lesser degree, growth mindset predicted rank-order increases in grit. The current investigation replicated and extended these findings in a younger non-Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic (non-WEIRD) population. Two large samples totaling more than 5000 elementary school children in China completed self-report questionnaires assessing grit and growth mindset five times over 2 years. As in Park et al. (2020, Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 198, 1048892020), we found reciprocal relations between grit and growth mindset. Grit systematically predicted rank-order increases in growth mindset at each subsequent 6-month interval. Growth mindset also predicted small rank-order increases in grit over the same period. These findings suggest that, over time, behavior may exert as much an influence on beliefs as the reverse-a dynamic possibly observable as early as in elementary school and not just in WEIRD cultures.
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Spyropoulou E, Giovazolias T. Anger Rumination in Early Adolescence: Risk Factor or Outcome of Depressive Symptoms? A Prospective Study. J Youth Adolesc 2022. [PMID: 35553322 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-022-01624-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Anger rumination is a maladaptive cognitive-emotional process associated with aversive adjustment outcomes. Despite of evidence showing a close relationship between anger rumination and depressive symptoms across adolescence, their longitudinal relationship is still unknown. The goal of the present study was to examine the bidirectional association between self-reported anger rumination and depressive symptoms at two waves, spaced 1-year. Participants were 304 early adolescents (44.7% boys; Mage = 10.80 years, SD = 0.16). Cross-lagged analyses showed that depressive symptoms predicted increases in anger rumination but not vice versa. These relationships were consistent across boys and girls. Overall, the findings suggest that depressive symptoms may be a potential risk factor for anger rumination in early adolescence. Implications for preventions and treatments are also discussed.
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Liang K, Zhao L, Lei Y, Zou K, Ji S, Wang R, Huang X. Nonsuicidal self-injury behaviour in a city of China and its association with family environment, media use and psychopathology. Compr Psychiatry 2022; 115:152311. [PMID: 35395465 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2022.152311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It is not clear whether there are differences in the risk factors for nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) between children and early adolescents. Clarifying this question is crucial for identifying actionable prevention strategies for NSSI in these two age groups. METHOD The study, comprising 8611 children and early adolescents (4409 (51.2%) children, 4202 (48.8%) early adolescents), was based on the baseline data of the Chengdu Positive Child Development (CPCD) in China. NSSI behaviours, emotional and behavioural problems and family environment were assessed and obtained via self-reports and parent reports. RESULTS Overall, 2520 (29.26%) participants reported having ever engaged in NSSI. There was a higher lifetime NSSI rate in males than in females during childhood, contrasting with higher NSSI rates in females than in males during early adolescence. Furthermore, NSSI shared similar risk factors, including major family conflict and poor relationships with caregivers, in both age groups. Specifically, in children, the risk of NSSI increased along with thought and attention problems (OR, 95% CI: 1.194, 1.106-1.288 and 1.114, 1.028-1.207, respectively), whereas in early adolescents, it increased with anxiety and depressive problems (OR, 95% CI: 1.259, 1.116-1.422). CONCLUSIONS The findings suggested the need for difference in preventive strategies for NSSI in the two age groups. It may be more efficacious to screen for NSSI in children with thought and attention problems and in early adolescents with anxiety and depressive problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Liang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Health Policy and Management, West China School of Public Health, West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Health Policy and Management, West China School of Public Health, West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yalin Lei
- Department of Health-Related Social and Behavioural Sciences, West China School of Public Health, West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Kun Zou
- Department of Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; West China Research Center for Rural Health Development, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Institute for Healthy Cities, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Shuming Ji
- Department of Health Policy and Management, West China School of Public Health, West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ruiou Wang
- West China School of Public Health, West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xiaoqi Huang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Morabito DM, Burani K, Hajcak G. Depressive Symptoms Prospectively Predict Peer Victimization: A Longitudinal Study Among Adolescent Females. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2022; 53:39-47. [PMID: 33387164 PMCID: PMC8249451 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-020-01100-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Research has consistently demonstrated a relationship between peer victimization, a major issue in early adolescence, and depression. However, longitudinal studies examining the relationship between peer victimization and depressive symptoms have yielded mixed results. Thus, the current study examined how specific aspects of peer victimization and subtypes of depressive symptoms are related over a two-year period. Adolescent females (N = 265) completed a questionnaire battery at baseline and two-year follow-up. Results indicated that baseline depressive symptoms prospectively predict peer overt victimization, relational victimization, and decreased prosocial behaviors at follow-up; baseline peer victimization did not predict depressive symptoms at follow-up. Further, results demonstrate the differential predictive value of specific depressive symptoms for overt vs. relational aggression and decreased prosocial behavior. Taken together, this study provides insight into the impact of depressive symptoms on peer victimization and the importance of addressing peer relations in the context of treatment for adolescent depression.
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Wang D, Nie X, Zhang D, Hu Y. The relationship between parental psychological control and problematic smartphone use in early Chinese adolescence: A repeated-measures study at two time-points. Addict Behav 2022; 125:107142. [PMID: 34673361 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.107142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The current study examined the bidirectional relationship between parental psychological control and problematic smartphone use (PSU) in early Chinese adolescence using a two time-points repeated-measures study and explored the role of psychological security and insomnia in the relationship between parental psychological control and subsequent PSU in early adolescence. The sample consisted of 2128 fourth- and fifth-grade students (55.69% male, age = 9 to 13, Mage ± SD = 10.91 ± 0.80) who participated in two measurements and completed questionnaires about parental psychological control, PSU, psychological security and insomnia. The results indicated that: (1) Autoregressive cross-lagged models showed a reciprocal relationship between parental psychological control and PSU severity in early adolescence. (2) Both psychological security and insomnia mediate the link between parental psychological control and subsequent PSU severity. (3) Psychological security and insomnia play serial mediating roles between parental psychological control and subsequent PSU severity. These findings indicate that reducing parental psychological control, boosting psychological security and alleviating insomnia symptoms in adolescents are all conducive to decrease PSU severity in early adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Wang
- School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, China
| | - Xinxiao Nie
- School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, China
| | - Dexiu Zhang
- Zaozhuang Shizhong Experimental Middle School, China
| | - Yixin Hu
- School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, China.
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Lin WH, Chiao C. The Relationship Between Adverse Childhood Experience and Heavy Smoking in Emerging Adulthood: The Role of Not in Education, Employment, or Training Status. J Adolesc Health 2022; 70:155-162. [PMID: 34518067 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2021.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in early adolescence and heavy smoking in emerging adulthood, focusing on the mediating role of individuals' not in education, employment, or training (NEET) status. METHODS Using a retrospective cohort sample from the Taiwan Youth Project, 2,903 participants from the age of 14 years until the age of 22 years were surveyed. Respondents' ACEs were assessed at the age of 14 years, their NEET status was assessed at the age of 20 years, and heavy smoking was measured at the age of 22 years. Regression and mediation analyses with resampling were conducted. RESULTS In a separate model, cumulative ACEs, three or more ACEs, and family dysfunction during early adolescence were significantly related and emerging adults' heavy smoking (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.32; AOR = 2.91; and AOR = 2.31, respectively) and NEET status (AOR = 1.27; AOR = 2.99; and AOR = 2.09, respectively). In the final model (including both ACE and NEET), these three ACE measures were still significantly related to heavy smoking and NEET status was also significantly related to heavy smoking. Finally, bootstrapping results indicated that the indirect effects from ACEs on heavy smoking through NEET were significant, which indicated significant indirect effects. CONCLUSIONS ACEs have a profound impact on emerging adults' heavy smoking, both directly and indirectly, through their NEET status. Thus, future research should focus on individuals' NEET status and its association with unhealthy behaviors in emerging adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hsu Lin
- Institute of Health and Welfare Policy, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chi Chiao
- Institute of Health and Welfare Policy, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Insitute of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Petersen KJ, Humphrey N, Qualter P. Dual-Factor Mental Health from Childhood to Early Adolescence and Associated Factors: A Latent Transition Analysis. J Youth Adolesc 2021; 51:1118-1133. [PMID: 34919196 PMCID: PMC9090675 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-021-01550-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The dual-factor model of mental health indicates the importance of simultaneously assessing symptoms and subjective wellbeing, but there is limited understanding of how dual-factor mental health changes during the transition from childhood to early adolescence and factors associated with change. The current study investigated dual-factor mental health over a 2-year period from when children were 8–9 years old to 10–11 years old (N = 2402; 48% female), using latent transition analysis. Further analyses determined whether sex and peer support were associated with initial mental health status or specific transitions during this period. Following class enumeration procedures, a 5-class model was selected at both timepoints. Classes were: (1) complete mental health, (2) vulnerable, (3) emotional symptoms but content, (4) conduct problems but content, and (5) troubled. Half of the sample changed mental health status during the study period. Sex and peer support were associated with specific mental health statuses and subsequent transitions. The findings have implications for mental health screening practice and identifying those in need of targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly J Petersen
- Manchester Institute of Education, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Neil Humphrey
- Manchester Institute of Education, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Pamela Qualter
- Manchester Institute of Education, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
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Carrizales A, Branje S, Lannegrand L. Disentangling between- and within-person associations between empathy and prosocial behaviours during early adolescence. J Adolesc 2021; 93:114-125. [PMID: 34740152 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2021.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although empathy has been found to be related to prosocial behaviour, little is known about the longitudinal links between these two concepts during early adolescence, a unique window into developmental changes on empathy and prosocial behaviour considering the physical, cognitive, socio-emotional and contextual changes occurring during this period. Even though changes in adolescent empathy have been associated to changes in adolescent prosocial behaviour, studies examining this link on the within-person level are lacking. The present study investigated the within-adolescents longitudinal relations among empathy and prosocial behaviour. METHODS 383 French adolescents (MageT1 = 12.15, 50.4% male) reported on their empathy and prosocial behaviour each year across three years. In order to disentangle between-adolescent differences from within-adolescent processes, Random-Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Models were applied. RESULTS At the between-person level, there was a strong positive association between empathy and prosocial behaviour. At the within-person level, adolescents who reported more empathy than usual reported higher than usual prosocial behaviour one year later. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents with higher empathy compared to their peers tended to be those who reported higher prosocial behaviour. Changes in empathy within-adolescents were related to later within-adolescents' change in prosocial behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Carrizales
- Laboratory of Psychology EA3188, University Franche-Comté, Besançon, France; Laboratory of Psychology EA4139, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Susan Branje
- Department of Youth and Family, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Lyda Lannegrand
- Laboratory of Psychology EA4139, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
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Muratori P, Paciello M, Castro E, Levantini V, Masi G, Milone A, Senese VP, Pisano S, Catone G. At-risk early adolescents profiles in the community: A cluster analysis using the strengths and difficulties questionnaire. Psychiatry Res 2021; 305:114209. [PMID: 34543850 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Early adolescence, with its several changes and demands, represents a delicate period of life. Several studies highlighted that during early adolescence, emotional and behavioral problems tend to increase. Using a person-centered approach, the present study explored the emotional and behavioral functioning profiles in a sample of Italian preadolescent students. Participants were 2959 youths (1533 males and 1426 females; age 10-14 years); they completed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and the Inventory of Callous Unemotional traits (ICU). Findings revealed four different profiles: "no psychopathology" (41.5%), "low psychopathology with sub-threshold hyperactivity" (33%), "predominantly internalizing" (19%), and "predominantly externalizing" (6.5%). The two latter clusters are characterized by high levels of SDQ Total Score. The "predominantly internalizing" is distinguished by a higher prevalence of females, and the "predominantly externalizing" by a higher prevalence of males and higher CU traits. A person-oriented approach allowed for identifying subgroups of early adolescents who may significantly vary in their configuration of internalizing and externalizing problems. Such subgroups may reflect youths for whom the creation of prevention and intervention programs could be more tailored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Muratori
- IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Scientific Institute of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Pisa, Italy.
| | | | - Emanuela Castro
- IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Scientific Institute of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Pisa, Italy
| | - Valentina Levantini
- IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Scientific Institute of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gabriele Masi
- IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Scientific Institute of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Pisa, Italy
| | - Annarita Milone
- IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Scientific Institute of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Simone Pisano
- Department of Neuroscience, Santobono-Pausilipon Hospital, Naples, Italy; Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Gennaro Catone
- Department of Educational, Psychological and Communication Sciences, Suor Orsola Benincasa University, Italy
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Mittmann G, Zehetmayer S, Schrank B. Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of a serious game targeting interpersonal emotion regulation in early adolescents. Trials 2021; 22:741. [PMID: 34696816 PMCID: PMC8547114 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-021-05706-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adaptive interpersonal emotion regulation (iER) is a vital tool for positive relations. During early adolescence, peer relations become increasingly important, making this age group a relevant target group for interventions promoting positive interactions with each other, yet no evidence-based intervention exists for iER and early adolescents specifically. Methods This randomised controlled trial (RCT) aims to test effectiveness and feasibility of a serious game training iER skills in early adolescents by comparing outcomes with a control group playing a game without psychoeducational content in a pre- and post-test design. German- and English-speaking early adolescents (10–14 years) are eligible for participation. IER skills improvement as assessed by a vignette task is the primary outcome and will be analysed with a chi-square test. Secondary outcomes include feasibility and acceptability, emotional competence, personal emotion regulation, gender, and sex. Discussion This RCT will test whether playing a serious game about iER strategies results in an improvement of iER skills and whether the game is feasible and acceptable for early adolescents with the ultimate aim to implement the game in schools and help early adolescents achieve positive peer relationships. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.govNCT04808102, Registered on 19 March 2021
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Mittmann
- D.O.T. Research Group for Mental Health of Children and Adolescents, Ludwig Boltzmann Society at Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria. .,Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Sonja Zehetmayer
- Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Beate Schrank
- D.O.T. Research Group for Mental Health of Children and Adolescents, Ludwig Boltzmann Society at Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tulln, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Tulln, Austria
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Abstract
Distance education was imposed due to the sudden suspension of schools as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Impact of technology use on distance learning in early adolescence was the main aim of the current research. Asynchronous teaching methods were implemented in a digital classroom environment during the COVID-19 pandemic. Teaching practice was enriched with the use of technology-based tools. Results revealed that such a teaching practice method could have a positive impact on students' creativity, increasing their motivation to create and develop new forms of social interaction. Students who did not actively participate in face to face educational process, took an active participating role during distance education. This research is regarded as original, as it concerns a case study of asynchronous teaching during the first period of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyros Kolyvas
- Department of Archives, Library Science and Museology, Ionian University, Ioanni Theotoki 72, 49100 Corfu, Greece
| | - Stefanos Nikiforos
- Humanistic and Social Informatics Laboratory(HILab), Department of Informatics, Ionian University, 7 Tsirigoti square, 49100 Corfu, Greece
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Ruiz-Palomino E, Ballester-Arnal R, Giménez-García C, Gil-Llario MD. Influence of beliefs about romantic love on the justification of abusive behaviors among early adolescents. J Adolesc 2021; 92:126-136. [PMID: 34507082 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Romantic experiences during adolescence have an important influence on functioning later in life. Romantic love has been associated with the acceptance of abusive behaviors. This study examined the relationship between myths of romantic love and the perceived severity of different types of abusive behaviors, as well as the influence of gender. METHODS The sample comprised 448 Spanish adolescents (M = 12.92 years old; SD = 0.85), of which 50.3% were male and 49.7% were female. Participants were evaluated in the school setting. The Perception of Abuse Scale and the Myths, Fallacies, and Misconceptions about Romantic Love Scale were administered. RESULTS Statistically significant negative associations between the myths of romantic love and the perceived severity of abusive behaviors were found. Myths regarding possession, dedication, and exclusivity were associated with a lower perceived severity of abusive behaviors in adolescent males. Myths regarding the omnipotence of love were associated with a lower perceived severity of abusive behaviors in adolescent females. Believing in jealousy as a demonstration of love (myth of jealousy) and in the need to establish a steady union when you love someone (marriage myth) explained a lower perceived severity of abusive behaviors in regression models. However, being female and having these beliefs explained a higher perceived severity of abusive behaviors. CONCLUSIONS The myths of romantic love are already present during early adolescence. These beliefs are implicated in the construction of gender inequality and difficulties in the identification of dating abuse behavior severity. A gendered perspective is necessary to understand this issue. Early intervention strategies should address the cognitive and emotional components of intimate relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafael Ballester-Arnal
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Spain.
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Zuo X, Zhang Z, Yan L, Lian Q, Yu C, Tu X, Lou C. Childhood adversity subtypes and violence victimization and perpetration among early adolescents in Shanghai, China. BMC Pediatr 2021; 21:381. [PMID: 34479532 PMCID: PMC8414739 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-021-02853-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This cross-sectional study aimed to identify adverse childhood experience (ACE) subtypes using variable- and person-centered approaches and examine the possible sex-differentiated associations with violence involvement as victim, perpetrator, and victim-perpetrator. METHODS Adolescents aged 10-14 years in three junior high schools in Shanghai, China, were selected using a cluster sampling method in November and December 2017. Participants were surveyed anonymously using a computer-assisted self-interview approach via tablets. Thirteen items modified from the CDC-Kaiser ACE study were used to measure the ACEs. Results show subtypes as neglect, abuse, and household dysfunction by developing cumulative index score from the variable perspective and subgroups identified through the latent class analysis (LCA) from the person perspective. Logistic regression analyses were used to test the association between each ACE subtype and violence victimization and perpetration after adjusting for some demographic characteristics. RESULTS A total of 1,700 participants were included in the final analysis. Approximately 1,322 (77.76 %) participants reported experiencing at least one ACE. The prevalence of neglect, abuse, and household dysfunction was 64.12 % (n = 1090), 61.29 % (n = 1042), and 18.24 % (n = 310), respectively. Three classes were identified through the LCA: low exposure to all ACEs (n = 854, 50.23 %), high exposure to emotional and physical abuse and neglect (n = 715, 42.06 %), and high exposure to all ACEs (n = 131,7.71 %). After controlling the covariates, experiencing abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction was significantly related to violence victimization (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 3.19, 3.29, 2.37, P < 0.001) and victim-perpetrator (aOR = 3.48, 4.41, 5.16, P < 0.001). Adolescent violence perpetration was only found to be associated with being neglected (aOR = 2.37, P = 0.003) and suffering household dysfunction (aOR = 3.25, P < 0.001). LCA revealed the cumulative effects of ACEs on adolescent violence victimization and perpetration. Sex-stratified analysis indicate that girls were more vulnerable to the negative effects of ACEs, with a higher risk of perpetration among girls exposed to distinctive subtypes or multiple ACEs. CONCLUSIONS ACEs were ubiquitous and significantly associated with an elevated risk of violence victimization and perpetration during early adolescence. Future research should examine whether these associations persist over time and the intermediating mechanism from the perspectives of individual neurodevelopment, cognition and resilience ability, and social support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiayun Zuo
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), Fudan University, NO.779 Old Humin Road, Xuhui District, 200237, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Ziwei Zhang
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), Fudan University, NO.779 Old Humin Road, Xuhui District, 200237, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Wuzhong District Health Committee, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Li Yan
- Infection Prevention and Control Department, Zhongda Hospital Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Qiguo Lian
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), Fudan University, NO.779 Old Humin Road, Xuhui District, 200237, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Chunyan Yu
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), Fudan University, NO.779 Old Humin Road, Xuhui District, 200237, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xiaowen Tu
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), Fudan University, NO.779 Old Humin Road, Xuhui District, 200237, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Chaohua Lou
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), Fudan University, NO.779 Old Humin Road, Xuhui District, 200237, Shanghai, P.R. China.
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