1
|
van der Meer D, Cheng W, Rokicki J, Fernandez-Cabello S, Shadrin A, Smeland OB, Ehrhart F, Gülöksüz S, Pries LK, Lin B, Rutten BPF, van Os J, O’Donovan M, Richards AL, Steen NE, Djurovic S, Westlye LT, Andreassen OA, Kaufmann T. Clustering Schizophrenia Genes by Their Temporal Expression Patterns Aids Functional Interpretation. Schizophr Bull 2024; 50:327-338. [PMID: 37824720 PMCID: PMC10919784 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbad140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia is a highly heritable brain disorder with a typical symptom onset in early adulthood. The 2-hit hypothesis posits that schizophrenia results from differential early neurodevelopment, predisposing an individual, followed by a disruption of later brain maturational processes that trigger the onset of symptoms. STUDY DESIGN We applied hierarchical clustering to transcription levels of 345 genes previously linked to schizophrenia, derived from cortical tissue samples from 56 donors across the lifespan. We subsequently calculated clustered-specific polygenic risk scores for 743 individuals with schizophrenia and 743 sex- and age-matched healthy controls. STUDY RESULTS Clustering revealed a set of 183 genes that was significantly upregulated prenatally and downregulated postnatally and 162 genes that showed the opposite pattern. The prenatally upregulated set of genes was functionally annotated to fundamental cell cycle processes, while the postnatally upregulated set was associated with the immune system and neuronal communication. We found an interaction between the 2 scores; higher prenatal polygenic risk showed a stronger association with schizophrenia diagnosis at higher levels of postnatal polygenic risk. Importantly, this finding was replicated in an independent clinical cohort of 3233 individuals. CONCLUSIONS We provide genetics-based evidence that schizophrenia is shaped by disruptions of separable biological processes acting at distinct phases of neurodevelopment. The modeling of genetic risk factors that moderate each other's effect, informed by the timing of their expression, will aid in a better understanding of the development of schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis van der Meer
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Weiqiu Cheng
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jaroslav Rokicki
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sara Fernandez-Cabello
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alexey Shadrin
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Olav B Smeland
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Friederike Ehrhart
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sinan Gülöksüz
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Lotta-Katrin Pries
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Bochao Lin
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Bart P F Rutten
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jim van Os
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Utrecht University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Michael O’Donovan
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Alexander L Richards
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Nils Eiel Steen
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lars T Westlye
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tobias Kaufmann
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tübingen Center for Mental Health, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sideli L, Aas M, Quattrone D, La Barbera D, La Cascia C, Ferraro L, Alameda L, Velthorst E, Trotta G, Tripoli G, Schimmenti A, Fontana A, Gayer-Anderson C, Stilo S, Seminerio F, Sartorio C, Marrazzo G, Lasalvia A, Tosato S, Tarricone I, Berardi D, D'Andrea G, Arango C, Arrojo M, Bernardo M, Bobes J, Sanjuán J, Santos JL, Menezes PR, Del-Ben CM, Jongsma HE, Jones PB, Kirkbride JB, Llorca PM, Tortelli A, Pignon B, de Haan L, Selten JP, Van Os J, Rutten BP, Bentall R, Di Forti M, Murray RM, Morgan C, Fisher HL. The relationship between genetic liability, childhood maltreatment, and IQ: findings from the EU-GEI multicentric case-control study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2023; 58:1573-1580. [PMID: 37335320 PMCID: PMC10460355 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-023-02513-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated if the association between childhood maltreatment and cognition among psychosis patients and community controls was partially accounted for by genetic liability for psychosis. Patients with first-episode psychosis (N = 755) and unaffected controls (N = 1219) from the EU-GEI study were assessed for childhood maltreatment, intelligence quotient (IQ), family history of psychosis (FH), and polygenic risk score for schizophrenia (SZ-PRS). Controlling for FH and SZ-PRS did not attenuate the association between childhood maltreatment and IQ in cases or controls. Findings suggest that these expressions of genetic liability cannot account for the lower levels of cognition found among adults maltreated in childhood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Sideli
- Department of Human Science, LUMSA University, Piazza delle Vaschette, 101, 00193, Rome, Italy.
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, England.
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience, and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Monica Aas
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, England
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, England
- NORMENT Centre for Psychosis Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Behavioural Sciences, OsloMet, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Diego Quattrone
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, England
| | - Daniele La Barbera
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience, and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Caterina La Cascia
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience, and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Laura Ferraro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience, and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Luis Alameda
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, England
- Centro Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Seville, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- Service of General Psychiatry, Treatment and Early Intervention in Psychosis Program, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eva Velthorst
- Department of Research, Mental Health Service Organization 'GGZ Noord-Holland-Noord', Hoorn, The Netherlands
| | - Giulia Trotta
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, England
| | - Giada Tripoli
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, England
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience, and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Adriano Schimmenti
- Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, UKE - Kore University of Enna, Enna, Italy
| | - Andrea Fontana
- Department of Human Science, LUMSA University, Piazza delle Vaschette, 101, 00193, Rome, Italy
| | - Charlotte Gayer-Anderson
- Department of Health Services and Population Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, England
- ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Simona Stilo
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, England
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services, ASP Crotone, Crotone, Italy
| | - Fabio Seminerio
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience, and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Crocettarachele Sartorio
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience, and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanna Marrazzo
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience, and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Lasalvia
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Sarah Tosato
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Ilaria Tarricone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - Bologna University, Bologna, Italy
| | - Domenico Berardi
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, Psychiatry Unit, Alma Mater Studiorum - Bologna University, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe D'Andrea
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, Psychiatry Unit, Alma Mater Studiorum - Bologna University, Bologna, Italy
| | - Celso Arango
- Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, ISGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Arrojo
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric Genetic Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago, Spain
| | - Miguel Bernardo
- Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit, Hospital Clinic, Departament de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències (UBNeuro), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques, August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio Bobes
- Department of Medicine, Psychiatry Area, School of Medicine, Universidad de Oviedo, ISPA, INEUROPA, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Julio Sanjuán
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Universidad de Valencia, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Santos
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital "Virgen de La Luz", Cuenca, Spain
| | | | | | - Hannah E Jongsma
- PsyLife Group, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, England
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England
| | - Peter B Jones
- CAMEO Early Intervention Service, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cambridge, England
- EA 7280 Npsydo, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - James B Kirkbride
- PsyLife Group, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, England
| | | | - Andrea Tortelli
- Establissement Public de Santé, Maison Blanche, Paris, France
| | - Baptiste Pignon
- AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier "Mondor", Pôle de Psychiatrie, Créteil, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U955, Créteil, France
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
| | - Lieuwe de Haan
- Early Psychosis Section, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Paul Selten
- Institute for Mental Health, GGZ Rivierduinen, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jim Van Os
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, England
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department Psychiatry, Utrecht University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bart P Rutten
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Richard Bentall
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Cathedral Court, 1 Vicar Lane, Sheffield, S1 2LT, UK
| | - Marta Di Forti
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, England
| | - Robin M Murray
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, England
| | - Craig Morgan
- Department of Health Services and Population Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, England
- ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Helen L Fisher
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, England
- ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, King's College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dirikgil E, van Leeuwen JR, Bredewold OW, Ray A, Jonker JT, Soonawala D, Remmelts HHF, van Dam B, Bos WJ, van Kooten C, Rotmans J, Rabelink T, Teng YKO. ExploriNg DUrable Remission with Rituximab in ANCA-associatEd vasculitis (ENDURRANCE trial): protocol for a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e061339. [PMID: 36130755 PMCID: PMC9494556 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-061339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Both rituximab (RTX) and cyclophosphamide (CYC) are effectively used in combination with steroids as remission induction therapy for patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV). Several studies have shown that the effect on achieving (clinical) remission, frequency and severity of relapses is equivalent for both therapies, but there is accumulating data that the long-term safety profile of RTX might outperform CYC. Combination of RTX with low-dose CYC (LD-CYC) has been investigated in only a few uncontrolled cohort studies, in which clinical remission and a favourable immunological state with low relapse rates was quickly achieved. In this randomised controlled trial, we aim to investigate whether the combination treatment (RTX+LD CYC) is superior in comparison to standard care with RTX only. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This study is an open-label, multicentre, 1:1 randomised, prospective study for patients with AAV with generalised disease, defined as involvement of major organs, that is, kidneys, lungs, heart and nervous system. In total, 100 patients will be randomised 1:1 to receive either remission induction therapy with standard of care (RTX) or combination treatment (RTX+LD CYC) in addition to steroids and both arms are followed by maintenance with RTX retreatments (tailored to B-cell and ANCA status). Our primary outcome is the number of retreatments needed to maintain clinical remission over 2 years. Secondary outcomes are relevant clinical endpoints, safety, quality of life and immunological responses. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study has received approval of the Medical Ethics Committee of the Leiden University Medical Center (P18.216, NL67515.058.18, date: 7 March 2019). The results of this trial (positive and negative) will be submitted for publication in relevant peer-reviewed publications and the key findings presented at national and international conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03942887.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Dirikgil
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Jolijn R van Leeuwen
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Obbo W Bredewold
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Argho Ray
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline T Jonker
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
- Department of Nephrology, Alrijne Hospital, Leiderdorp, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Darius Soonawala
- Department of Nephrology, HagaZiekenhuis, Den Haag, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Hilde H F Remmelts
- Department of Nephrology, Meander Medical Centre, Amersfoort, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan van Dam
- Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Willem Jan Bos
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Antoniusziekenhuis, Nieuwegein, Netherlands
| | - Cees van Kooten
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Joris Rotmans
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Ton Rabelink
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Y K Onno Teng
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Scheenstra MR, Martínez-Botía P, Acebes-Huerta A, Brouwer RWW, Caballero-Sánchez N, Gillemans N, De Bleser P, Nota B, De Cuyper IM, Salunkhe V, Woltman AM, van de Laar L, Rijkers E, Demmers JAA, van IJcken WFJ, Philipsen S, van den Berg TK, Kuijpers TW, Gutiérrez L. Comparison of the PU.1 transcriptional regulome and interactome in human and mouse inflammatory dendritic cells. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 110:735-751. [PMID: 33289106 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.6a1219-711rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are key immune modulators and are able to mount immune responses or tolerance. DC differentiation and activation imply a plethora of molecular and cellular responses, including transcriptional changes. PU.1 is a highly expressed transcription factor in DCs and coordinates relevant aspects of DC biology. Due to their role as immune regulators, DCs pose as a promising immunotherapy tool. However, some of their functional features, such as survival, activation, or migration, are compromised due to the limitations to simulate in vitro the physiologic DC differentiation process. A better knowledge of transcriptional programs would allow the identification of potential targets for manipulation with the aim of obtaining "qualified" DCs for immunotherapy purposes. Most of the current knowledge regarding DC biology derives from studies using mouse models, which not always find a parallel in human. In the present study, we dissect the PU.1 transcriptional regulome and interactome in mouse and human DCs, in the steady state or LPS activated. The PU.1 transcriptional regulome was identified by performing PU.1 chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by high-throughput sequencing and pairing these data with RNAsequencing data. The PU.1 interactome was identified by performing PU.1 immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry analysis. Our results portray PU.1 as a pivotal factor that plays an important role in the regulation of genes required for proper DC activation and function, and assures the repression of nonlineage genes. The interspecies differences between human and mouse DCs are surprisingly substantial, highlighting the need to study the biology of human DCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maaike R Scheenstra
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Andrea Acebes-Huerta
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Rutger W W Brouwer
- Center for Biomics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Nynke Gillemans
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter De Bleser
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Data Mining and Modeling for Biomedicine, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Benjamin Nota
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Iris M De Cuyper
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vishal Salunkhe
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea M Woltman
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Current Address: Institute of Medical Education Research Rotterdam, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lianne van de Laar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Wilfred F J van IJcken
- Center for Biomics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sjaak Philipsen
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Timo K van den Berg
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Taco W Kuijpers
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Gutiérrez
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| |
Collapse
|