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Gaikwad SY, Tyagi S, Seniya C, More A, Chandane-Tak M, Kumar S, Mukherjee A. A nanoemulsified formulation of dolutegravir and epigallocatechin gallate inhibits HIV-1 replication in cellular models. FEBS Lett 2024; 598:1919-1936. [PMID: 38789398 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Nanotechnology offers promising avenues for enhancing drug delivery systems, particularly in HIV-1 treatment. This study investigates a nanoemulsified formulation combining epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) with dolutegravir (DTG) for managing HIV-1 infection. The combinatorial interaction between EGCG and DTG was explored through cellular, enzymatic, and molecular studies. In vitro assays demonstrated the potential of a dual drug-loaded nanoemulsion, NE-DTG-EGCG, in inhibiting HIV-1 replication, with EGCG serving as a supplementary treatment containing DTG. In silico molecular interaction studies highlighted EGCG's multifaceted inhibitory potential against HIV-1 integrase and reverse transcriptase enzymes. Further investigations are needed to validate the formulation's efficacy across diverse contexts. Overall, by integrating nanotechnology into drug delivery systems, this study represents a significant advancement in managing HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shraddha Y Gaikwad
- Division of Virology, ICMR-National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, India
| | - Shivani Tyagi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, India
| | - Chandrabhan Seniya
- School of Biosciences, Engineering and Technology, VIT Bhopal University, India
| | - Ashwini More
- Division of Virology, ICMR-National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, India
| | | | - Shobhit Kumar
- School of Biosciences, Engineering and Technology, VIT Bhopal University, India
| | - Anupam Mukherjee
- Division of Virology, ICMR-National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, India
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2
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Barroso S, Guitart-Mampel M, García-García FJ, Cantó-Santos J, Valls-Roca L, Andújar-Sánchez F, Vilaseca-Capel A, Tobías E, Arias-Dimas A, Quesada-López T, Artuch R, Villarroya F, Giralt M, Martínez E, Lozano E, Garrabou G. Metabolic, Mitochondrial, and Inflammatory Effects of Efavirenz, Emtricitabine, and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate in Asymptomatic Antiretroviral-Naïve People with HIV. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8418. [PMID: 39125986 PMCID: PMC11313075 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to comprehensively assess the metabolic, mitochondrial, and inflammatory effects of first-line efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (EFV/FTC/TDF) single-tablet regimen (STR) relative to untreated asymptomatic HIV infection. To this end, we analyzed 29 people with HIV (PWH) treated for at least one year with this regimen vs. 33 antiretroviral-naïve PWH. Excellent therapeutic activity was accompanied by significant alterations in metabolic parameters. The treatment group showed increased plasmatic levels of glucose, total cholesterol and its fractions (LDL and HDL), triglycerides, and hepatic enzymes (GGT, ALP); conversely, bilirubin levels (total and indirect fraction) decreased in the treated cohort. Mitochondrial performance was preserved overall and treatment administration even promoted the recovery of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content depleted by the virus, although this was not accompanied by the recovery in some of their encoded proteins (since cytochrome c oxidase II was significantly decreased). Inflammatory profile (TNFα, IL-6), ameliorated after treatment in accordance with viral reduction and the recovery of TNFα levels correlated to mtDNA cell restoration. Thus, although this regimen causes subclinical metabolic alterations, its antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties may be associated with partial improvement in mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Barroso
- Inherited Metabolic Diseases and Muscular Disorders Research Lab, Cellex-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (S.B.); (M.G.-M.); (F.J.G.-G.); (J.C.-S.); (L.V.-R.); (F.A.-S.); (A.V.-C.); (E.T.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER-Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Rare Diseases, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Mariona Guitart-Mampel
- Inherited Metabolic Diseases and Muscular Disorders Research Lab, Cellex-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (S.B.); (M.G.-M.); (F.J.G.-G.); (J.C.-S.); (L.V.-R.); (F.A.-S.); (A.V.-C.); (E.T.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER-Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Rare Diseases, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Francesc Josep García-García
- Inherited Metabolic Diseases and Muscular Disorders Research Lab, Cellex-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (S.B.); (M.G.-M.); (F.J.G.-G.); (J.C.-S.); (L.V.-R.); (F.A.-S.); (A.V.-C.); (E.T.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER-Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Rare Diseases, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Judith Cantó-Santos
- Inherited Metabolic Diseases and Muscular Disorders Research Lab, Cellex-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (S.B.); (M.G.-M.); (F.J.G.-G.); (J.C.-S.); (L.V.-R.); (F.A.-S.); (A.V.-C.); (E.T.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER-Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Rare Diseases, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Laura Valls-Roca
- Inherited Metabolic Diseases and Muscular Disorders Research Lab, Cellex-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (S.B.); (M.G.-M.); (F.J.G.-G.); (J.C.-S.); (L.V.-R.); (F.A.-S.); (A.V.-C.); (E.T.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER-Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Rare Diseases, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Félix Andújar-Sánchez
- Inherited Metabolic Diseases and Muscular Disorders Research Lab, Cellex-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (S.B.); (M.G.-M.); (F.J.G.-G.); (J.C.-S.); (L.V.-R.); (F.A.-S.); (A.V.-C.); (E.T.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER-Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Rare Diseases, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Adrià Vilaseca-Capel
- Inherited Metabolic Diseases and Muscular Disorders Research Lab, Cellex-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (S.B.); (M.G.-M.); (F.J.G.-G.); (J.C.-S.); (L.V.-R.); (F.A.-S.); (A.V.-C.); (E.T.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER-Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Rare Diseases, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Ester Tobías
- Inherited Metabolic Diseases and Muscular Disorders Research Lab, Cellex-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (S.B.); (M.G.-M.); (F.J.G.-G.); (J.C.-S.); (L.V.-R.); (F.A.-S.); (A.V.-C.); (E.T.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER-Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Rare Diseases, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Angela Arias-Dimas
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Tania Quesada-López
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine Department, Biomedicine Institute (IBUB), University of Barcelona (UB), 08014 Barcelona, Spain; (T.Q.-L.); (F.V.); (M.G.)
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Artuch
- CIBERER-Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Rare Diseases, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Francesc Villarroya
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine Department, Biomedicine Institute (IBUB), University of Barcelona (UB), 08014 Barcelona, Spain; (T.Q.-L.); (F.V.); (M.G.)
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Giralt
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine Department, Biomedicine Institute (IBUB), University of Barcelona (UB), 08014 Barcelona, Spain; (T.Q.-L.); (F.V.); (M.G.)
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Esteban Martínez
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
- CIBER of Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ester Lozano
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Glòria Garrabou
- Inherited Metabolic Diseases and Muscular Disorders Research Lab, Cellex-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (S.B.); (M.G.-M.); (F.J.G.-G.); (J.C.-S.); (L.V.-R.); (F.A.-S.); (A.V.-C.); (E.T.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER-Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Rare Diseases, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
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Hinton AO, N'jai AU, Vue Z, Wanjalla C. Connection Between HIV and Mitochondria in Cardiovascular Disease and Implications for Treatments. Circ Res 2024; 134:1581-1606. [PMID: 38781302 PMCID: PMC11122810 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.124.324296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy alter mitochondrial function, which can progressively lead to mitochondrial damage and accelerated aging. The interaction between persistent HIV reservoirs and mitochondria may provide insight into the relatively high rates of cardiovascular disease and mortality in persons living with HIV. In this review, we explore the intricate relationship between HIV and mitochondrial function, highlighting the potential for novel therapeutic strategies in the context of cardiovascular diseases. We reflect on mitochondrial dynamics, mitochondrial DNA, and mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein in the context of HIV. Furthermore, we summarize how toxicities related to early antiretroviral therapy and current highly active antiretroviral therapy can contribute to mitochondrial dysregulation, chronic inflammation, and poor clinical outcomes. There is a need to understand the mechanisms and develop new targeted therapies. We further consider current and potential future therapies for HIV and their interplay with mitochondria. We reflect on the next-generation antiretroviral therapies and HIV cure due to the direct and indirect effects of HIV persistence, associated comorbidities, coinfections, and the advancement of interdisciplinary research fields. This includes exploring novel and creative approaches to target mitochondria for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antentor O Hinton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (A.O.H., Z.V.)
| | - Alhaji U N'jai
- Biological Sciences, Fourah Bay College and College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences (COMAHS), University of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone and Koinadugu College, Kabala (A.U.N.)
| | - Zer Vue
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (A.O.H., Z.V.)
| | - Celestine Wanjalla
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (C.W.)
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Premeaux TA, Ndhlovu LC. Decrypting biological hallmarks of aging in people with HIV. Curr Opin HIV AIDS 2023:01222929-990000000-00054. [PMID: 37421383 DOI: 10.1097/coh.0000000000000810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW HIV infection adds further complexity to the heterogenous process of aging. In this focused review, we examine and discuss recent advances to better elucidate mechanisms of biological aging perturbed and accelerated in the context of HIV, particularly among those with viral suppression through the benefits of antiretroviral therapy (ART). New hypotheses from these studies are poised to provide an improved understanding of multifaceted pathways that converge and likely form the basis for effective interventions toward successful aging. RECENT FINDINGS Evidence to date suggests multiple mechanisms of biological aging impact people living with HIV (PLWH). Recent literature delves and expands on how epigenetic alterations, telomere attrition, mitochondrial perturbations, and intercellular communications may underpin accelerated or accentuated aging phenotypes and the disproportionate prevalence of age-related complications among PLWH. Although most hallmarks of aging are likely exacerbated in the setting of HIV, ongoing research efforts are providing new insight on the collective impact these conserved pathways may have in the aging disease processes. SUMMARY New knowledge on underlying molecular disease mechanisms impacting people aging with HIV are reviewed. Also examined are studies that may facilitate the development and implementation of effective therapeutics and guidance on improving geriatric HIV clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Premeaux
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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Ellwanger JH, Kulmann-Leal B, Ziliotto M, Chies JAB. HIV Infection, Chromosome Instability, and Micronucleus Formation. Viruses 2023; 15:155. [PMID: 36680195 PMCID: PMC9867034 DOI: 10.3390/v15010155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome integrity is critical for proper cell functioning, and chromosome instability can lead to age-related diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. Chromosome instability is caused by multiple factors, including replication stress, chromosome missegregation, exposure to pollutants, and viral infections. Although many studies have investigated the effects of environmental or lifestyle genotoxins on chromosomal integrity, information on the effects of viral infections on micronucleus formation and other chromosomal aberrations is still limited. Currently, HIV infection is considered a chronic disease treatable by antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, HIV-infected individuals still face important health problems, such as chronic inflammation and age-related diseases. In this context, this article reviews studies that have evaluated genomic instability using micronucleus assays in the context of HIV infection. In brief, HIV can induce chromosome instability directly through the interaction of HIV proteins with host DNA and indirectly through chronic inflammation or as a result of ART use. Connections between HIV infection, immunosenescence and age-related disease are discussed in this article. The monitoring of HIV-infected individuals should consider the increased risk of chromosome instability, and lifestyle interventions, such as reduced exposure to genotoxins and an antioxidant-rich diet, should be considered. Therapies to reduce chronic inflammation in HIV infection are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Henrique Ellwanger
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology (PPGBM), Laboratory of Immunobiology and Immunogenetics, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil
| | | | | | - José Artur Bogo Chies
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology (PPGBM), Laboratory of Immunobiology and Immunogenetics, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil
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