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Truse R, Nolten I, Schulz J, Herminghaus A, Holtmanns T, Gördes L, Raupach A, Bauer I, Picker O, Vollmer C. Topical Melatonin Improves Gastric Microcirculatory Oxygenation During Hemorrhagic Shock in Dogs but Does Not Alter Barrier Integrity of Caco-2 Monolayers. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:510. [PMID: 32984383 PMCID: PMC7484810 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic administration of melatonin exerts tissue protective effects in the context of hemorrhagic shock. Intravenous application of melatonin prior to hemorrhage improves gastric microcirculatory perfusion and maintains intestinal barrier function in dogs. The aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of a topical mucosal melatonin application on gastric microcirculation during hemorrhagic shock in vivo and on mucosal barrier function in vitro. In a randomized cross-over study, six anesthetized female foxhounds received 3.3 mg melatonin or the vehicle as a bolus to the gastric and oral mucosa during physiological and hemorrhagic (-20% blood volume) conditions. Microcirculation was analyzed with reflectance spectrometry and laser doppler flowmetry. Systemic hemodynamic variables were measured with transpulmonary thermodilution. For analysis of intestinal mucosal barrier function in vitro Caco-2 monolayers were used. The transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and the passage of Lucifer Yellow (LY) from the apical to the basolateral compartment of Transwell chambers were measured. Potential barrier protective effects of melatonin against oxidative stress were investigated in the presence of the oxidant H2O2. During physiologic conditions topical application of melatonin had no effect on gastric and oral microcirculation in vivo. During hemorrhagic shock, gastric microcirculatory oxygenation (μHbO2) was decreased from 81 ± 8% to 50 ± 15%. Topical treatment with melatonin led to a significant increase in μHbO2 to 60 ± 13%. Topical melatonin treatment had no effect on gastric microcirculatory perfusion, oral microcirculation or systemic hemodynamics. Incubation of H2O2 stressed Caco-2 monolayers with melatonin did neither influence transepithelial electrical resistance nor LY translocation. Topical treatment of the gastric mucosa with melatonin attenuates the shock induced decrease in microcirculatory oxygenation. As no effects on local microcirculatory and systemic perfusion were recorded, the improved μHbO2 is most likely caused by a modulation of local oxygen consumption. In vitro melatonin treatment did not improve intestinal barrier integrity in the context of oxidative stress. These results extend the current knowledge on melatonin's protective effects during hemorrhage in vivo. Topical application of melatonin exerts differential effects on local microcirculation compared to systemic pretreatment and might be suitable as an adjunct for resuscitation of hemorrhagic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Truse
- Department of Anesthesiology, Düsseldorf University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Inga Nolten
- Department of Anesthesiology, Düsseldorf University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jan Schulz
- Department of Anesthesiology, Düsseldorf University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anna Herminghaus
- Department of Anesthesiology, Düsseldorf University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tobias Holtmanns
- Department of Anesthesiology, Düsseldorf University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lukas Gördes
- Department of Anesthesiology, Düsseldorf University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Annika Raupach
- Department of Anesthesiology, Düsseldorf University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Inge Bauer
- Department of Anesthesiology, Düsseldorf University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Olaf Picker
- Department of Anesthesiology, Düsseldorf University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Vollmer
- Department of Anesthesiology, Düsseldorf University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Abstract
Hemorrhagic shock is the leading cause of preventable death after trauma. Hibernation-based treatment approaches have been of increasing interest for various biomedical applications. Owing to apparent similarities in tissue perfusion and metabolic activity between severe blood loss and the hibernating state, hibernation-based approaches have also emerged for the treatment of hemorrhagic shock. Research has shown that hibernators are protected from shock-induced injury and inflammation. Utilizing the adaptive mechanisms that prevent injury in these animals may help alleviate the detrimental effects of hemorrhagic shock in non-hibernating species. This review describes hibernation-based preclinical and clinical approaches for the treatment of severe blood loss. Treatments include the delta opioid receptor agonist D-Ala-Leu-enkephalin (DADLE), the gasotransmitter hydrogen sulfide, combinations of adenosine, lidocaine, and magnesium (ALM) or D-beta-hydroxybutyrate and melatonin (BHB/M), and therapeutic hypothermia. While we focus on hemorrhagic shock, many of the described treatments may be used in other situations of hypoxia or ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Wolf A, Thakral S, Mulier KE, Suryanarayanan R, Beilman GJ. Evaluation of novel formulations of d-β-hydroxybutyrate and melatonin in a rat model of hemorrhagic shock. Int J Pharm 2018; 548:104-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Assessment of prehospital hemorrhage and airway care using a simulation model. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2018; 85:S27-S32. [DOI: 10.1097/ta.0000000000001800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Vollmer C, Weber APM, Wallenfang M, Hoffmann T, Mettler-Altmann T, Truse R, Bauer I, Picker O, Mathes AM. Melatonin pretreatment improves gastric mucosal blood flow and maintains intestinal barrier function during hemorrhagic shock in dogs. Microcirculation 2018; 24. [PMID: 28316127 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Melatonin improves hepatic perfusion after hemorrhagic shock and may reduce stress-induced gastric lesions. This study was designed to investigate whether pretreatment with melatonin may influence gastric mucosal microcirculatory perfusion (μflow), oxygenation (μHbO2 ), or intestinal barrier function during physiological and hemorrhagic conditions in dogs. METHODS In a randomized crossover study, five anesthetized foxhounds received melatonin 100 μg kg-1 or vehicle (ethanol 5%) intravenously in the absence or presence of hemorrhagic shock (60 minutes, -20% blood volume). Systemic hemodynamic variables, gastric mucosal perfusion, and oxygenation were recorded continuously; intestinal barrier function was assessed intermittently via xylose absorption. RESULTS During hemorrhagic shock, melatonin significantly attenuated the decrease in μflow, compared with vehicle (-19±9 vs -43±10 aU, P<.05), without influence on μHbO2 . A significant increase in xylose absorption was detected during hemorrhage in vehicle-treated dogs, compared with sham-operated animals (13±2 vs 8±1 relative amounts, P<.05); this was absent in melatonin-treated animals (6±1 relative amounts). Melatonin did not influence macrocirculation. CONCLUSIONS Melatonin improves regional blood flow suggesting improved oxygen delivery in gastric mucosa during hemorrhagic shock. This could provide a mechanism for the observed protection of intestinal barrier function in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Vollmer
- Department of Anesthesiology, Düsseldorf University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas P M Weber
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Martin Wallenfang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Düsseldorf University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Till Hoffmann
- Department of Hemostaseology, Düsseldorf University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tabea Mettler-Altmann
- Plant Metabolism and Metabolomics Laboratory, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Richard Truse
- Department of Anesthesiology, Düsseldorf University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Inge Bauer
- Department of Anesthesiology, Düsseldorf University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Olaf Picker
- Department of Anesthesiology, Düsseldorf University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexander M Mathes
- Department of Anesthesiology, Düsseldorf University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Thakral S, Wolf A, Beilman GJ, Suryanarayanan R. Development and in vivo evaluation of a novel lyophilized formulation for the treatment of hemorrhagic shock. Int J Pharm 2017; 537:162-171. [PMID: 29274369 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Hemorrhagic shock, caused by trauma, is a leading cause of preventable death. A combination treatment of d-β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and melatonin (MLT), in dimethyl sulfoxide - water, increased survival. A freeze-dried BHB-MLT formulation, with a short reconstitution time, has been developed. This intravenous formulation, prepared with an aqueous vehicle, completely eliminated dimethyl sulfoxide, thereby avoiding the potential problems associated with this solvent. The poor aqueous solubility of MLT necessitated the use of polyvinylpyrrolidine (PVP) as a complexing agent. Thus the prelyophilization solution contained BHB (2 M), MLT (21.5 mM) and PVP (40 mM). Using a combination of low-temperature X-ray diffractometry and thermal analysis, the lyophilization process parameters were optimized. Infra-red spectra revealed hydrogen bonding interaction between PVP and MLT, while BHB crystallized as BHB.0.25 H2O in the final lyophile. The formulation improved survival in a rat model of hemorrhagic shock. Based on the increase in rate of survival and longer survival time compared to untreated animals, we conclude that this formulation can serve as a promising first line of treatment for hemorrhagic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Thakral
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Andrea Wolf
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Gregory J Beilman
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Raj Suryanarayanan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, MN, 55455, USA.
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Wolf A, Mulier KE, Muratore SL, Beilman GJ. D-β-Hydroxybutyrate and melatonin for treatment of porcine hemorrhagic shock and injury: a melatonin dose-ranging study. BMC Res Notes 2017; 10:649. [PMID: 29187245 PMCID: PMC5707828 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-017-2975-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Treatment with a combination of D-β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and melatonin (M) improves survival in hemorrhagic shock models. Our objective was to find the most effective melatonin concentration in combination with 4 molar BHB (4 M BHB). Survival and markers of organ injury were analyzed in pigs exposed to pulmonary contusion, liver crush injury, and hemorrhagic shock and treated with lactated Ringer's solution; 4 M BHB/43 mM M; 4 M BHB/20 mM M; 4 M BHB/10 mM M; 4 M BHB/4.3 mM M; or 4 M BHB/0.43 mM M. This work is an extension of a previously published research study. RESULTS Survival was highest in pigs receiving 4 M BHB/43 mM M (13/14), followed by lactated Ringer's solution (11/16) and BHB/M with decreased melatonin concentrations (4 M BHB/20 mM M 3/6, 4 M BHB/10 mM M 2/6, 4 M BHB/4.3 mM M 3/6, 4 M BHB/0.43 mM M 1/6, p = 0.011). High mortality was associated with increases in serum lactate, higher liver and muscle injury markers and decreases in PaO2:FiO2 ratios. Our study indicates that treatment with 4 M BHB and melatonin concentrations below 43 mM lack the survival benefit observed from 4 M BHB/43 mM melatonin in pigs experiencing hemorrhagic shock and polytrauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Wolf
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Kristine E. Mulier
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Sydne L. Muratore
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Gregory J. Beilman
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
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Ozdinc S, Oz G, Ozdemir C, Kilic I, Karakaya Z, Bal A, Koken T, Solak O. Melatonin: is it an effective antioxidant for pulmonary contusion? J Surg Res 2016; 204:445-451. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2016.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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What's New in Shock Military Supplement 2015? Shock 2015; 44 Suppl 1:1-2. [PMID: 26177015 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000000422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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