miR-379-5P INHIBITION ENHANCES INTESTINAL EPITHELIAL PROLIFERATION AND BARRIER FUNCTION RECOVERY AFTER ISCHEMIA/REPERFUSION BY TARGETING EIF4G2

MicroRNA-411-5p alleviates lipid deposition in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease by targeting the EIF4G2/FOXO3 axis

BACKGROUND

Abnormal lipid deposition is an important driver of the progression of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). MicroRNA-411-5p (miR-411-5p) and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4γ2 (EIF4G2) are related to abnormal lipid deposition, but the specific mechanism is unknown.

METHODS

A high-fat, high-cholesterol diet (HFHCD) and a choline-deficient, L-amino acid-defined, high-fat diet (CDAHFD) and a high-fructose diet (HFrD) were used to establish MASLD rat and mouse models, respectively. MiR-411-5p agomir and mimic were used to upregulate the miR-411-5p in vivo and in vitro, respectively. Adeno-associated virus type 8 (AAV8) carrying EIF4G2 short hairpin RNA (shRNA) and small interfering RNA (siRNA) were used to downregulate the EIF4G2 expression in vivo and in vitro, respectively. Liver histopathological analysis, Biochemical analysis and other experiments were used to explore the functions of miR-411-5p and EIF4G2.

RESULTS

MiR-411-5p was decreased in both MASLD rats and mice, and was negatively correlated with liver triglycerides and serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) levels. Upregulation of miR-411-5p alleviated liver lipid deposition and hepatocellular steatosis. Moreover, miR-411-5p targeted and downregulated EIF4G2. Downregulation of EIF4G2 not only reduced liver triglycerides and serum ALT and AST levels in MASLD model, but also alleviated lipid deposition. Notably, upregulation of miR-411-5p and downregulation of EIF4G2 led to the reduction of forkhead box class O3 (FOXO3) and inhibited the expression of sterol regulatory-element binding protein 1 (SREBP1), acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1) and fatty acid synthase (FASN), thereby reducing fatty acid synthesis.

CONCLUSIONS

Upregulation of miR-411-5p inhibits EIF4G2 to reduce the FOXO3 expression, thereby reducing fatty acid synthesis and alleviating abnormal lipid deposition in MASLD.

Unveiling the molecular complexity of intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury through omics technologies

Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IR) is implicated in various clinical conditions and causes damage to the intestinal epithelium resulting in intestinal barrier loss. This presents a substantial clinical challenge, emphasizing the importance of gaining a comprehensive understanding of molecular events to aid in the identification of novel therapeutic targets. This review systematically explores the extent to which omics technologies-transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and metagenomics-have already contributed to deciphering the molecular mechanisms contributing to intestinal IR injury, in in vivo and in vitro animal and human models, and in clinical samples. Recent breakthroughs involve applying omics methodologies on exosomes, organoids, and single cells, shedding light on promising avenues and valuable targets to reduce intestinal IR injury. Future directions aimed at expediting clinical translation are discussed as well and include multi-omics data integration to facilitate the identification of key regulatory nodes driving intestinal IR injury and advancing human organoid models based on the novel insights by single-cell omics technologies, offering hope for clinical application of therapeutic strategies in the years to come.

miR-329b-5p Affects Sheep Intestinal Epithelial Cells against Escherichia coli F17 Infection

Diarrhea is the most common issue in sheep farms, typically due to pathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) infections, such as E. coli F17. microRNA, a primary type of non-coding RNA, has been shown to be involved in diarrhea caused by pathogenic E. coli. To elucidate the profound mechanisms of miRNA in E. coli F17 infections, methods such as E. coli F17 adhesion assay, colony counting assay, relative quantification of bacterial E. coli fimbriae gene expression, indirect immune fluorescence (IF), Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU), Western blotting (WB), and scratch assay were conducted to investigate the effect of miR-329b-5p overexpression/knock-down on E. coli F17 susceptibility of sheep intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). The findings indicated that miR-329b-5p enhances the E. coli F17 resistance of sheep IECs to E.coli F17 by promoting adhesion between E. coli F17 and IEC, as well as IEC proliferation and migration. In summary, miR-329b-5p plays a crucial role in the defense of sheep IECs against E. coli F17 infection, providing valuable insights into its mechanism of action.