Gastroduodenal intussusception of a gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST): case report and review of the literature. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech. 2013;23:e70-e73. [PMID: 23579533 DOI: 10.1097/sle.0b013e31826d72d4]

Retrograde jejunoduodenogastric intussusception associated with fully functioning nonballoon nasojejunal feeding catheter: A case report

RATIONALE

Retrograde jejunoduodenogastric intussusception refers to invagination of distal small intestine into the stomach. It is extremely rare. It is often associated with displaced feeding catheter in which its balloon tip migrates past the gastric pylorus. The intussusception is triggered by retraction of migrated catheter. It is often accompanied by feeding intolerance or catheter malfunction. This report describes a distinctive case of retrograde jejunoduodenogastric intussusception associated with a fully functioning nonballoon nasojejunal tube.

PATIENT CONCERN

A 19-year-old female was presented with repeated vomiting and abdominal distension for 5 days.

DIAGNOSIS

An abdominal computerized tomography revealed retrograde jejunoduodenogastric intussusception causing air/fluid-filled gastric distension. Immediate endoscopic examination revealed a loop of small intestine, protruding through the pylorus. Progressed ischemia of the migrated small bowel loop was confirmed.

INTERVENTIONS

At laparotomy, a jejunal loop migrating into the duodenum and stomach at the level of the ligament of Treitz was noticed. After manual reduction of migrated bowel, 2 segmental resections of necrotic segment were performed. A feeding jejunostomy was constructed in the proximal jejunum.

OUTCOMES

Enteral feeding through the surgically constructed feeding jejunostomy was started on the 5th operative day and the patient was discharged on the 16th postoperative day.

LESSONS

When a patient under tube feeding exhibits abrupt intractable gastroesophageal reflux with a sign of catheter migration, we must consider the possibility of catheter-related intussusception. Having a fully functioning feeding catheter with nonballoon tip does not preclude retrograde jejunoduodenogastric intussusception.

Retrograde Pylorogastric Intussusception-Case Report and Literature Review

A 6-month-old male presented with an acute onset of emesis and feeding intolerance. Abdominal ultrasound revealed a mass in the distal stomach immediately adjacent to the balloon of a gastrostomy button. Upper gastrointestinal (GI) series demonstrated persistence of the mass obstructing the pylorus even after deflation of the gastrostomy balloon with failure of contrast to empty from the stomach. Upper endoscopy revealed retrograde pylorogastric intussusception. The child then underwent laparotomy, and after removal of the gastrostomy, a Heineke-Mikulicz pyloroplasty was performed. Postoperative total parenteral nutrition was administered for 10 days at which point he was passing flatus and enteral oral feeding started. The postoperative course remained uncomplicated.

A brief review of diagnostic properties of point-of-care ultrasound for adult bowel intussusception: Making the case for ultrasound

Undifferentiated abdominal pain in adults is a common chief complaint in acute care clinics and emergency departments worldwide, representing up to 10% of visits to emergency departments. Many patients have a non-specific presentation and an initial workup with labwork, urine analysis or X-ray might not reveal a specific diagnosis. Although bowel intussusception is a primarily pediatric disease, adult intussusception is a recognized but rare cause of bowel obstruction often requiring surgical intervention. However, recent data from advanced multi-detector computed tomography imaging shows that milder or recurring cases in adults have been underrecognized. Multi-detector computed tomography is still the imaging gold standard for detecting intussusception in adults, but new data showed that sonographers with basic training using the point-of-care ultrasound approach have a reasonable accuracy in detecting this pathology. As the point-of-care ultrasound for undifferentiated abdominal pain is an emerging core skill in the acute care setting, knowledge of sonographic signs of intestinal intussusception should be included in the skill set of physicians. Sonographic findings in adults mimic pediatric cases, but different location patterns and higher malignancy rates exist in adults. In this manuscript, we will review the current literature on adult intussusception and summarize key knowledge of intestinal intussusception in adults. We will present four adult patients diagnosed with different types of adult acute bowel intussusception using the point-of-care ultrasound and describe a focused scanning approach with typical sonographic findings.

Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors: Diagnosis, Follow-up and Role of Radiomics in a Single Center Experience

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) arise from the interstitial cells of Cajal in the gastrointestinal tract and are the most common intestinal tumors. Usually GISTs are asymptomatic, especially small tumors that may not cause any symptoms and may be found accidentally on abdominal CT scans. Discovering of inhibitor of receptor tyrosine kinases has changed the outcome of patients with high-risk GISTs. This paper will focus on the role of imaging in diagnosis, characterization and follow-up. We shall also report our local experience in radiomics evaluation of GISTs.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors: a comprehensive radiological review

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) originating from the interstitial cells of Cajal in the muscularis propria are the most common mesenchymal tumor of the gastrointestinal tract. Multiple modalities, including computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography, ultrasonography, digital subtraction angiography, and endoscopy, have been performed to evaluate GISTs. CT is most frequently used for diagnosis, staging, surveillance, and response monitoring during molecularly targeted therapy in clinical practice. The diagnosis of GISTs is sometimes challenging because of the diverse imaging findings, such as anatomical location (esophagus, stomach, duodenum, small bowel, colorectum, appendix, and peritoneum), growth pattern, and enhancement pattern as well as the presence of necrosis, calcification, ulceration, early venous return, and metastasis. Imaging findings of GISTs treated with antineoplastic agents are quite different from those of other neoplasms (e.g. adenocarcinomas) because only subtle changes in size are seen even in responsive lesions. Furthermore, the recurrence pattern of GISTs is different from that of other neoplasms. This review discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each imaging modality, describes imaging findings obtained before and after treatment, presents a few cases of complicated GISTs, and discusses recent investigations performed using CT and MRI to predict histological risk grade, gene mutations, and patient outcomes.

Cachexia and Invisible Stomach on Endoscopy: An Endoscopist's Enigma and a Surgeon's Axiom

Gastroduodenal intussusception (GDI) is a very rare clinical entity in adults. GDI can present acutely or chronically in adults with varying spectrum of symptoms and signs. GDI can present acutely with abdominal pain, vomiting and palpable mass. In rare instances it can lead to anemia and cachexia. Computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen can demonstrate GDI in majority of cases. However, endoscopy findings could lead to identifying etiological factor and tissue diagnosis. In majority of the cases endoscopy may show mucosal or submucosal lesion leading to GDI. We bring forward a case of GDI wherein patient presented with cachexia, intermittent vomiting along with anemia. Further workup including imaging has resulted in the rare diagnosis of GDI. Interestingly we encountered a rare of its kind, endoscopic presentation where there was total absence of stomach due to its complete invagination through the pylorus into the duodenum arising from a giant gastric hyperplastic polyp. We have successfully managed this patient with surgical intervention leading to positive clinical outcomes. On review of literature, we found that it is extremely rare to have a completely absent stomach on endoscopy in a patient with no previous surgical intervention. We would like to share our experience so that endoscopists are aware of such uncommon and interesting presentations. To the best of our knowledge, such a case has not been reported so far in literature.

Gastroduodenal intussusception caused by gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor in adults: a case report and literature review

Intussusception mostly occurs in childhood and is rare in adults. Although intussusception can occur in any part of the gastrointestinal tract, gastroduodenal intussusception caused by a gastric tumor is relatively uncommon in clinical practice. A PubMed search identified 24 published cases of gastroduodenal intussusception caused by gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST); however, it is possible that we missed other cases not included in PubMed. Here we report a case of gastroduodenal intussusception caused by gastric GIST in an 85-year-old man. He came to the hospital because of recurrent black stools. Plain computed tomography (CT) scan indicated a mass in the gastric antrum, with slight enhancement in the arterial phase on enhanced CT scan. He was diagnosed with GIST. In addition, images indicated that the mass overlapped into the duodenum, and gastroduodenal intussusception was thus considered. Gastroscopy showed a huge mass in the gastric body. According to the gastroscopy and CT results, gastroduodenal intussusception caused by a gastric tumor was considered. The patient underwent complete surgical removal, which revealed a mass originating from the gastric antrum and overlapping into the duodenum. The postoperative pathological diagnosis was intermediate-risk gastric GIST. The patient was followed up for 4 months without tumor recurrence.

Cecal gastrointestinal stromal tumor causing ileocolic intussusception in an adult: A rare case report

Introduction and importance

Cecal gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) constitute a rarer subtype of all GISTs. Rarely, it can present with ileocolic intussusception in adults making it a challenging diagnosis due to non-specific clinical features.

Case presentation

A 30-year previously healthy woman presented with lower abdominal pain and a distended abdomen who was subsequently diagnosed with ileocolic intussusception on a CT scan. Intraoperatively, a pedunculated polypoid hard mass was identified in the cecum and thus, a standard right hemicolectomy was performed with the suspicion of malignancy. Histopathology of the resected mass confirmed CD117 negative, spindle type GIST.

Discussion

Cecal GIST presenting in the form of ileocolic intussusception is rare. Contrast-enhanced CT scan is the preferred imaging modality for the evaluation of patients with suspected GIST to determine the extent of the tumor, the presence or absence of metastatic disease alongside evaluation of the possibility of complete resection. Adjuvant imatinib therapy following complete resection decreases the disease recurrence.

Conclusion

Intussusception in an adult can be the first manifestation of underlying malignancy like GIST. Complete surgical resection of the tumor with a negative margin offers long-term survival.

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Ileocolic intussusception is rare in adult and often associated with pathological lead points like neoplasm.

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Cecal GIST is an uncommon cause of ileocolic intussusception in adults.

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Diagnosis of this entity is challenging because of its non-specific presenting features.

Gastroduodenal intussusception caused by gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor: A case report and review of the literature

BACKGROUND

Gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common etiology of gastroduodenal intussusception. Although gastroduodenal intussusception caused by gastric GIST is mostly treated by surgical resection, the first case of gastroduodenal intussusception caused by gastric GIST was treated by endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) in Japan in 2017.

CASE SUMMARY

An 84-year-old woman presented with symptoms of postprandial fullness with nausea and occasional vomiting for a month. Initially, she visited a local clinic for help, where abdominal sonography revealed a space-occupying lesion around the liver, so she was referred to our hospital for further confirmation. Abdominal sonography was repeated, which revealed a mass with an alternating concentric echogenic lesion. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) was performed under the initial impression of gastric cancer with central necrosis and showed a tortuous distortion of gastric folds down from the lesser curvature side to the duodenal bulb with stenosis of the gastric outlet. EGD was barely passed through to the 2nd portion of the duodenum and a friable ulcerated mass was found. Several differential diagnoses were suspected, including gastroduodenal intussusception, gastric cancer invasion to the duodenum, or pancreatic cancer with adherence to the gastric antrum and duodenum. Abdominal computed tomography for further evaluation was arranged and showed gastroduodenal intussusception with a long stalk polypoid mass 5.9 cm in the duodenal bulb. Under the impression of gastroduodenal intussusception, ESD was performed at the base of the gastroduodenal intussusception; unfortunately, a gastric perforation was found after complete resection was accomplished, so gastrorrhaphy was performed for the perforation and retrieval of the huge polypoid lesion. The gastric tumor was pathologically proved to be a GIST. After the operation, there was no digestive disturbance and the patient was discharged uneventfully on the 10th day following the operation.

CONCLUSION

We present the second case of gastroduodenal intussusception caused by GIST treated by ESD. It is also the first case report of gastroduodenal intussusception by GIST in Taiwan, and endoscopic reduction or resection is an alternative treatment for elderly patients who are not candidates for surgery.

Case report and literature review: patient with gastroduodenal intussusception due to the gastrointestinal stromal tumor of the lesser curvature of the gastric body

BACKGROUND

Intussusception in adult patient is rare. Gastroduodenal intussusception due to the gastrointestinal stromal tumors is infrequently described in the literature. Authors present a case of gastroduodenal intussusception due to the low-risk gastrointestinal stromal tumor of the lesser curvature of the gastric body with literature review.

CASE PRESENTATION

Sixty-two-year-old male was admitted to our hospital with symptoms of acute gastric outlet obstruction. Imaging studies confirmed a lesion of the gastric wall producing gastroduodenal intussusception with pylorus obstruction. Upon laparotomy a tumor mass of the lesser curvature of the gastric body that invaginated through the pylorus into the duodenum was found. Desinvagination and resection of the tumor with the adequate resection margins were performed. Histology reveled a low-risk gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Due to favorable outcome only observation was suggested by the multidisciplinary team.

CONCLUSIONS

Gastroduodenal intussusception due to the gastrointestinal stromal tumor of the gastric wall is a rare event. Surgical resection is the treatment of choice. In selected cases laparosopic resection of the tumor can be performed.

Anterograde Gastroduodenal Intussusception: A Rare but Lethal Complication of Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy Tube Placement

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube placement is one of the methods of providing enteral nutrition support and is often used in critically ill patients. There are several complications of PEG tube placement, including intussusception. Jejunojejunal and retrograde jejunoduodenogastric intussusception are well-documented complications of PEG tube placement. Here we describe the case of a 25-year-old female who was diagnosed with anterograde gastroduodenal intussusception with the PEG tube acting as a lead point. Our case is unique as, to the best of our knowledge, there are no documented cases of PEG tube-related anterograde gastroduodenal intussusception. The reported patient was found to have extensive gastric pneumatosis and portal venous gas concerning for acute ischemia. Such cases warrant immediate surgical intervention. However, in our case, the patient's family opted for comfort care measures.

Adult Intussusception due to Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor: A Rare Case Report, Comprehensive Literature Review, and Diagnostic Challenges in Low-Resource Countries

We present a rare case of gastrogastric intussusception due to gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) and the largest comprehensive literature review of published case reports on gastrointestinal (GI) intussusception due to GIST in the past three decades. We found that the common presenting symptoms were features of gastrointestinal obstruction and melena. We highlight the diagnostic challenges faced in low-resource countries. Our findings emphasize the importance of early clinical diagnosis in low-resource settings in order to guide timely management. In addition, histological analysis of the tumor for macroscopic and microscopic characteristics including mitotic index and c-Kit/CD117 status should be obtained to guide adjuvant therapy with imatinib mesylate. Periodic follow-up to access tumor recurrence is fundamental and should be the standard of care.

Gastroduodenal Intussusception with a Gastric Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor Treated by Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection

A 95-year-old Japanese woman presented to our hospital with intermittent vomiting and several episodes of melena. Abdominal computed tomography revealed intussusception of the gastric tumor into the duodenum. After endoscopic reduction, endoscopic ultrasonography identified a hypoechogenic lesion limited to the submucosal layer. Endoscopic resection was performed as a localized treatment for the prevention of recurrent gastroduodenal intussusception. To our knowledge, there have been no other reports describing a gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor presenting with gastroduodenal intussusception and treated using an endoscopic submucosal dissection technique.

Acute Pancreatitis and Gastroduodenal Intussusception Induced by an Underlying Gastric Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor: A Case Report

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are rare tumors of the gastrointestinal system and comprise only 1% to 3% of all gastrointestinal tract tumors, with the majority of them arising in the stomach. In this report, we present the unique findings of a case of gastroduodenal intussusception caused by an underlying gastric GIST and complicated with severe acute pancreatitis.

Gastroduodenal intussusception due to gastric schwannoma treated by billroth II distal gastrectomy: One case report

Schwannomas are rarely observed in the gastrointestinal tract. The most common symptoms of a gastric schwannoma are abdominal pain or dyspepsia, gastrointestinal bleeding, and an abdominal mass. Many gastric schwannomas are asymptomatic and are discovered incidentally or at postmortem. The diagnosis of a schwannoma is based on immunohistochemical positivity for S-100 protein. We present a case report of a rare complication of gastric schwannoma causing gastroduodenal intussusception that was successfully managed by a Billroth II distal gastrectomy. In this rare case, the patient had intermittent, colicky abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting for over 4 wk accompanied by a weight loss. A diagnosis of gastric intussusception was made by computed tomography. A Billroth II distal gastrectomy was then performed, and complete en bloc removal (R0 resection) was achieved. Pathology confirmed a gastric schwannoma through positive immunohistochemical staining for S-100 protein.

Gastroduodenal Intussusception, Intermittent Biliary Obstruction and Biochemical Pancreatitis due to a Gastric Hyperplastic Polyp

We present the case of a 76-year-old man with gastroduodenal intussusception secondary to a gastric hyperplastic polyp. Intussusception in the adult population occurs infrequently. Our patient presented with gastroduodenal intussusception, which is very uncommon and accounts for <10% of all types of intussusception. This case is unique in that partial endoscopic resection of the gastric hyperplastic polyp resolved the patient's gastroduodenal intussusception, biliary obstruction and biochemical pancreatitis without the need for surgical intervention.