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Gautam AK, Ray S, Das P, Mandal AK, Tudu NK, Singh D, Islam MM, Rana T. Age-related anatomical variation and morphometric studies on the optic tectum in post-hatch broiler chicken. Anat Histol Embryol 2024; 53:e13002. [PMID: 37984463 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.13002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
In this investigation the morphological and morphometrical features of the optic tectum in post-hatch broiler chicken were studied macroscopically and microscopically. The present study was conducted on 70 day old broiler chicks which were reared up to 42 days. The whole experimental period of study was divided into seven groups (from group I to VII) at weekly interval (days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42). The optic lobes were paired and spherical to oval eminences located on the ventro-lateral part of the midbrain in broiler chicken. There was significant increase in length and width of the optic lobes with the advancement of age. Histological analysis of optic tectum shows six basic layers from the external surface to internal one towards the optic ventricle. Different layers of optic tectum were identified as stratum opticum, stratum griseum superficial, stratum griseum central, stratum album central, stratum griseum periventriculare and stratum fibrosum periventriculare with several types of neurons. Among all six layers of the optic tectum the stratum griseum superficial layer showed very high degree of secondry differentiation and evolved into nine sub- layers in all age groups of broiler chickens. Three main cell types had been identified that is, small to medium sized stellate shaped neuron, pyramidal neuron and fusiform neuron, beside these multipolar neuron were also evident. The thickness of all layers of optic tectum significantly increases with the advancement of age of the birds. The optic ventricle was lined with a layer of cuboidal ependymal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avnish Kumar Gautam
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences (WBUAFS), Kolkata, India
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Bihar Veterinary College, Patna, India
| | - Sanjay Ray
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences (WBUAFS), Kolkata, India
| | - Partha Das
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences (WBUAFS), Kolkata, India
| | - Arun Kumar Mandal
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences (WBUAFS), Kolkata, India
| | - Nirmal Kumar Tudu
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences (WBUAFS), Kolkata, India
| | - Dharmendra Singh
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences (WBUAFS), Kolkata, India
| | - Md Mofijul Islam
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences (WBUAFS), Kolkata, India
| | - Tanmoy Rana
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Complex, West Bengal University of Animal & Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, India
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Kharrati-Koopaee H, Esmailizadeh A, Sabahi F. Transcriptome resequencing data for rock pigeon (Columba livia). BMC Res Notes 2022; 15:121. [PMID: 35351186 PMCID: PMC8961952 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-022-06007-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE How do birds navigate their way? It is one of the interesting question about homing pigeons, however the genetic of navigation has reminded as a puzzle. Optic lobe, olfactory bulb, hippocampus and cere were collected for RNA sampling. The generated RNA-seq represent RNA resequencing data for racing homer (homing) pigeon and other rock pigeon breeds. The obtained data set can provide new insight about hippocampus role and GSR contribution to pigeon magnetoreception. DATA DESCRIPTION To investigate the navigation ability of rock pigeon breeds, 60 whole transcriptome sequence data sets related to homing pigeon, Shiraz tumblers, feral pigeons and Persian high flyers were obtained. RNA extraction was performed from three brain regions (optic lobe, olfactory bulb, hippocampus) and cere. Paired-end 150 bp short reads (Library size 350 bp) were sequenced by Illumina Hiseq 2000. In this way, about 342.1 Gbp and 130.3 Gb data were provided. The whole transcriptome data sets have been deposited at the NCBI SRA database (PRJNA532674). The submitted data set may play critical role to describe the mechanism of navigation ability of rock pigeon breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Kharrati-Koopaee
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, PB 76169-133, Kerman, Iran. .,Institute of Biotechnology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Ali Esmailizadeh
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, PB 76169-133, Kerman, Iran.,State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 32 Jiaochang Donglu, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China
| | - Fatemeh Sabahi
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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Kumar J, Malik S, Bhardwaj SK, Rani S. Impact of Light at Night Is Phase Dependent: A Study on Migratory Redheaded Bunting (Emberiza bruniceps). Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.751072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial light at night (LAN) alters the physiology and behavior of an organism; however, very little is known about phase-dependent effects of LAN, particularly, in night migratory songbirds. Therefore, in this study, we investigated whether the effects of LAN on daily activity and photoperiodic responses in the Palearctic Indian migratory songbird, redheaded buntings (Emberiza bruniceps), is dependent on the different phases of the night. Male buntings maintained under short photoperiod (8L:16D; L = 100 lux, D < 0.1 lux) in individual activity cages were exposed to LAN (2 lux) for 6 weeks either in 4 h bin given at the different phases of 16 h night (early, mid, or late at ZT 08–12, ZT 14–18, or ZT 20–24, respectively; n = 9 each group) or throughout 16 h night (all night light, n = 6, ZT 08–24, the time of lights ON was considered as Zeitgeber time 0, ZT 0). A group (n = 6) with no LAN served as control. The results showed that LAN at the different phases of night induced differential effects as shown by an intense activity during the night, altered melatonin and temperature rhythms, and showed an increase in body mass and body fattening, food intake, and gonadal size. Midnight light exposure has a greater impact on migration and reproduction linked phenotypes, which is similar to the ones that received light throughout the night. The highlights of this study are that (i) LAN impacts day-night activity behavior, (ii) its continuity with the day alters the perception of day length, (iii) birds showed differential sensitivity to LAN in a phase-dependent manner, (iv) the direction of placing LAN affects the daily responses, e.g., LAN in the early night was “accepted” as extended dusk but the late night was considered as early dawn, and (v) midnight LAN was most effective and induced similar responses as continuous LAN. Overall, LAN induces long day responses in short days and shows differential sensitivity of the different phases of the night toward the light. This information may be valuable in adopting a part-night lighting approach to help reduce the physiological burden, such as early migration and reproduction, of artificial lighting on the nocturnal migrants.
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Eliason CM, McCullough JM, Andersen MJ, Hackett SJ. Accelerated Brain Shape Evolution Is Associated with Rapid Diversification in an Avian Radiation. Am Nat 2021; 197:576-591. [PMID: 33908824 DOI: 10.1086/713664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AbstractNiche expansion is a critical step in the speciation process. Large brains linked to improved cognitive ability may enable species to expand their niches and forage in new ways, thereby promoting speciation. Despite considerable work on ecological divergence in brain size and its importance in speciation, relatively little is known about how brain shape relates to behavioral, ecological, and taxonomic diversity at macroevolutionary scales. This is due in part to inherent challenges with quantifying brain shape across many species. Here we present a novel, semiautomated approach for rapidly phenotyping brain shape using semilandmarks derived from X-ray computed microtomography scans. We then test its utility by parsing evolutionary trends within a diverse radiation of birds: kingfishers (Aves: Alcedinidae). Multivariate comparative analyses reveal that rates of brain shape evolution (but not beak shape) are positively correlated with lineage diversification rates. Distinct brain shapes are further associated with changes in body size and foraging behavior, suggesting both allometric and ecological constraints on brain shape evolution. These results are in line with the idea of brains acting as a "master regulator" of critical processes governing speciation, such as dispersal, foraging behavior, and dietary niche.
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Silvasti SA, Valkonen JK, Nokelainen O. Behavioural thresholds of blue tit colour vision and the effect of background chromatic complexity. Vision Res 2021; 182:46-57. [PMID: 33596523 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2020.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Vision is a vital attribute to foraging, navigation, mate selection and social signalling in animals, which often have a very different colour perception in comparison to humans. For understanding how animal colour perception works, vision models provide the smallest colour difference that animals of a given species are assumed to detect. To determine the just-noticeable-difference, or JND, vision models use Weber fractions that set discrimination thresholds of a stimulus compared to its background. However, although vision models are widely used, they rely on assumptions of Weber fractions since the exact fractions are unknown for most species. Here, we test; i) which Weber fractions in long-, middle- and shortwave (i.e. L, M, S) colour channels best describe the blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus) colour discrimination, ii) how changes in hue of saturated colours and iii) chromatic background noise impair search behaviour in blue tits. We show that the behaviourally verified Weber fractions on achromatic backgrounds were L: 0.05, M: 0.03 and S: 0.03, indicating a high colour sensitivity. In contrast, on saturated chromatic backgrounds, the correct Weber fractions were considerably higher for L: 0.20, M: 0.17 and S: 0.15, indicating a less detailed colour perception. Chromatic complexity of backgrounds affected the longwave channel, while middle- and shortwave channels were mostly unaffected. We caution that using a vision model whereby colour discrimination is determined in achromatic viewing conditions, as they often are, can lead to misleading interpretations of biological interactions in natural - colourful - environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanni A Silvasti
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Janne K Valkonen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Ossi Nokelainen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland
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DeCasien AR, Higham JP. Relative Cerebellum Size Is Not Sexually Dimorphic across Primates. BRAIN, BEHAVIOR AND EVOLUTION 2020; 95:93-101. [PMID: 32791505 DOI: 10.1159/000509070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Substantive sex differences in behavior and cognition are found in humans and other primates. However, potential sex differences in primate neuroanatomy remain largely unexplored. Here, we investigate sex differences in the relative size of the cerebellum, a region that has played a major role in primate brain evolution and that has been associated with cognitive abilities that may be subject to sexual selection in primates. METHODS We compiled individual volumetric and sex data from published data sources and used MCMC generalized linear mixed models to test for sex effects in relative cerebellar volume while controlling for phylogenetic relationships between species. Given that the cerebellum is a functionally heterogeneous structure involved in multiple complex cognitive processes that may be under selection in males or females within certain species, and that sexual selection pressures vary so greatly across primate species, we predicted there would be no sex difference in the relative size of the cerebellum across primates. RESULTS Our results support our prediction, suggesting there is no consistent sex difference in relative cerebellum size. CONCLUSION This work suggests that the potential for sex differences in relative cerebellum size has been subject to either developmental constraint or lack of consistent selection pressures, and highlights the need for more individual-level primate neuroanatomical data to facilitate intra- and inter-specific study of brain sexual dimorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex R DeCasien
- Department of Anthropology, New York University, New York, New York, USA, .,New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology, New York, New York, USA,
| | - James P Higham
- Department of Anthropology, New York University, New York, New York, USA.,New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology, New York, New York, USA
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Call Types of the Oriental Magpie Robin (Copsychus saularis) in Suburban Areas in Kota Samarahan, Sarawak. BORNEO JOURNAL OF RESOURCE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.33736/bjrst.2264.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Oriental Magpie Robin (Copsychus saularis) is among the popular passerines songbird in Borneo. A study on the vocalisation of this tropical species has been conducted at Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS) Campus and Tanjung Bundong village areas, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak starting from March 2015 until February 2017 to understand more on their call types. Call samples were recorded from 38 individuals of Magpie Robin (8 colour-ringed males, 6 colour-ringed females, 10 juveniles and 14 nestlings) during breeding seasons. A total of six call types were successfully identified which were territorial, threat, submissive, juvenile, distress and begging calls. Both territorial and threat calls are uttered in response to the presence of an intruder in the vicinity of nesting sites while begging call is crucial to the nestlings as it stimulates parental food provisioning activities. Distress call was uttered when in stress situations while juvenile calls were associated with learning process to vocalise. Territorial, threat and begging calls were substantially important during breeding season and the survival of Magpie Robins.
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Transcriptome signatures in the brain of a migratory songbird. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2020; 34:100681. [PMID: 32222683 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2020.100681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Most of the birds's adaptations for migration have a neuroendocrine origin, triggered by changes in photoperiod and the patterns of Earth's magnetic field. Migration phenomenology has been well described in the past decades, yet the genetic structure behind it remains terra incognita. We used RNA-Seq data to investigate which biological functions are linked with the seasonal brain adaptations of a long-distance trans-continental migratory passerine, the Northern Wheatear (Oenanthe oenanthe). We sequenced the wheatear's transcriptomes at three different stages: lean birds, a characteristic phenotype before the onset of migration, during fattening, and at their maximal migratory body mass. We identified a total of 15,357 genes in the brain of wheatears, of which 84 were differentially expressed. These were mostly related to nervous tissue development, angiogenesis, ATP production, innate immune response, and antioxidant protection, as well as GABA and dopamine signalling. The expression pattern of differentially expressed genes is correlated with typical phenotypic changes before migration, such as hyperphagia, migratory restlessness, and a potential increment in the visual and spatial memory capacities. Our work points out, for future studies, biological functions found to be involved in the development of the migratory phenotype -a unique model to study the core of neural, energetic and muscular adaptations for endurance exercise. Comparison of wheatears' transcriptomic data with two other studies with similar goals shows no correlation among the trends in the gene expression. It highlights the complexity and diversity of adaptations for long-distance migration in birds.
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Comparative analysis of squamate brains unveils multi-level variation in cerebellar architecture associated with locomotor specialization. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5560. [PMID: 31804475 PMCID: PMC6895188 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13405-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Ecomorphological studies evaluating the impact of environmental and biological factors on the brain have so far focused on morphology or size measurements, and the ecological relevance of potential multi-level variations in brain architecture remains unclear in vertebrates. Here, we exploit the extraordinary ecomorphological diversity of squamates to assess brain phenotypic diversification with respect to locomotor specialization, by integrating single-cell distribution and transcriptomic data along with geometric morphometric, phylogenetic, and volumetric analysis of high-definition 3D models. We reveal significant changes in cerebellar shape and size as well as alternative spatial layouts of cortical neurons and dynamic gene expression that all correlate with locomotor behaviours. These findings show that locomotor mode is a strong predictor of cerebellar structure and pattern, suggesting that major behavioural transitions in squamates are evolutionarily correlated with mosaic brain changes. Furthermore, our study amplifies the concept of ‘cerebrotype’, initially proposed for vertebrate brain proportions, towards additional shape characters. The cerebellum is critical in sensory-motor control and is structurally diverse across vertebrates. Here, the authors investigate the evolutionary relationship between locomotory mode and cerebellum architecture across squamates by integrating study of gene expression, cell distribution, and 3D morphology.
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Stańczyk EK, Velasco Gallego ML, Nowak M, Hatt JM, Kircher PR, Carrera I. 3.0 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging anatomy of the central nervous system, eye, and inner ear in birds of prey. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2018; 59:705-714. [PMID: 29978528 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the increasing interest in the clinical neurology of birds, little is known about the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appearance of the avian central nervous system, eye, and inner ear. The objective of this cadaveric study was to document the MRI anatomic features of the aforementioned structures using a high-resolution 3.0 Tesla MRI system. The final study group consisted of 13 cadavers of the diurnal birds of prey belonging to six species. Images were acquired in sagittal, dorsal, and transverse planes using T1-weighted and T2-weighted turbo spin echo sequences. A necropsy with macroscopic analysis of the brain and spinal cord was performed on all cadavers. Microscopic examination of the brain was performed on one cadaver of each species; the spinal cord was examined in three subjects. Anatomic structures were identified on the magnetic resonance images based on histologic slices and available literature. Very good resolution of anatomic detail was obtained. The olfactory bulbs; cerebral hemispheres; diencephalon; optic lobe; cerebellum; pons; ventricular system; optic, trigeminal, and facial nerves; pineal and pituitary glands; as well as the semicircular canals of the inner ear were identified. Exquisite detail was achieved on the ocular structures. In the spinal cord, the gray and white matter differentiation and the glycogen body were identified. This study establishes normal MRI anatomy of the central nervous system, eye, and inner ear of the birds of prey; and may be used as a reference in the assessment of neurologic disorders or visual impairment in this group of birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa K Stańczyk
- Clinic for Diagnostic Imaging, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - María L Velasco Gallego
- Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maricn Nowak
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jean-Michel Hatt
- Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick R Kircher
- Clinic for Diagnostic Imaging, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Inés Carrera
- Southern Counties Veterinary Specialist, Hangersley, UK
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Fernández-Juricic E, Brand J, Blackwell BF, Seamans TW, DeVault TL. Species With Greater Aerial Maneuverability Have Higher Frequency of Collisions With Aircraft: A Comparative Study. Front Ecol Evol 2018. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2018.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Vincze O, Vágási CI, Pap PL, Palmer C, Møller AP. Wing morphology, flight type and migration distance predict accumulated fuel load in birds. J Exp Biol 2018; 222:jeb.183517. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.183517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Birds often accumulate large fat and protein reserves to fuel long-distance flights. While it is well known that species that fly the longest accumulate the largest amounts of fuel, considerable cross-species variation in fuel load is seen after controlling for overall migration distance. It remains unclear whether this variation can be explained by aerodynamic attributes of different species, despite obvious ecological and conservation implications. Here we collected data on wing morphology, flight type, migration distance and fuel load from 213 European bird species and explored three questions: (1) Does maximum fuel load relate to migration distance across species?; (2) Does wing morphology, as described by wing aspect ratio and wing loading, influence maximum fuel load, and; (3) Does flight type influence maximum fuel load? Our results indicate that maximum fuel load increases with migration across species, but residual variance is high. Our results indicate that maximum fuel load is also correlated with migration distance, but again residual variance is high. The latter variance is explained by aspect ratio and flight type, while wing loading and body mass explain little variance. Birds with slender wings accumulate less fuel than species with low wing aspect ratio when covering a similar migration distance. Continuously flapping species accumulate the largest amounts of fuel, followed by flapping and soaring, flapping and gliding species, while the smallest fuel loads were observed in birds with passerine-type flight. These results highlight complex eco-evolutionary adaptations to migratory behaviour, pointing toward the importance of energy-minimisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orsolya Vincze
- Evolutionary Ecology Group, Hungarian Department of Biology and Ecology, Babeş-Bolyai University, RO-400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Behavioural Ecology Research Group, Department of Evolutionary Zoology and Human Biology, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Csongor I. Vágási
- Evolutionary Ecology Group, Hungarian Department of Biology and Ecology, Babeş-Bolyai University, RO-400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Behavioural Ecology Research Group, Department of Evolutionary Zoology and Human Biology, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Péter László Pap
- Evolutionary Ecology Group, Hungarian Department of Biology and Ecology, Babeş-Bolyai University, RO-400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Behavioural Ecology Research Group, Department of Evolutionary Zoology and Human Biology, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Colin Palmer
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Anders Pape Møller
- Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay Cedex, France
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Zhao CL, Jin L, Zhong MJ, Xie F, Jiang JP, Li DY, Liao WB. Cerebellum size is positively correlated with geographic distribution range in anurans. ANIM BIOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1163/15707563-17000121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The ‘cognitive buffer’ hypothesis predicts that the costs of relatively large brains are compensated for later in life by the increased benefits of large brains providing a higher chance of survival under changing environments through flexible behaviors in the animal kingdom. Thus, animals that live in a larger range (with a higher probability of environmental variation) are expected to have larger brains than those that live in a restricted geographic range. Here, to test the prediction of the ‘cognitive buffer’ hypothesis that larger brains should be expected to occur in species living in geographic ranges of larger size, we analyzed the relationship between the size of the geographic range and brain size and the size of various brain regions among 42 species of anurans using phylogenetic comparative methods. The results show that there is no correlation between relative brain size and size of the species’ geographic range when correcting for phylogenetic effects and body size. Our findings suggest that the effects of the cognitive buffer and the energetic constraints on brains result in non-significant variation in overall brain size. However, the geographic range is positively correlated with cerebellum size, but not with optic tecta, suggesting that species distributed in a wider geographic range do not exhibit larger optic tecta which would provide behavioral flexibility to allow for an early escape from potential predators and discovery of new food resources in unpredictable environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Lin Zhao
- 1Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, Sichuan, China
| | - Long Jin
- 1Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, Sichuan, China
| | - Mao Jun Zhong
- 1Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, Sichuan, China
| | - Feng Xie
- 2Chengdu Institute Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian Ping Jiang
- 2Chengdu Institute Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Da Yong Li
- 1Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, Sichuan, China
- 3Institute of Rare Animals and Plants, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, Sichuan, China
| | - Wen Bo Liao
- 1Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, Sichuan, China
- 3Institute of Rare Animals and Plants, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, Sichuan, China
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Van Doren BM, Horton KG, Dokter AM, Klinck H, Elbin SB, Farnsworth A. High-intensity urban light installation dramatically alters nocturnal bird migration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:11175-11180. [PMID: 28973942 PMCID: PMC5651764 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1708574114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Billions of nocturnally migrating birds move through increasingly photopolluted skies, relying on cues for navigation and orientation that artificial light at night (ALAN) can impair. However, no studies have quantified avian responses to powerful ground-based light sources in urban areas. We studied effects of ALAN on migrating birds by monitoring the beams of the National September 11 Memorial & Museum's "Tribute in Light" in New York, quantifying behavioral responses with radar and acoustic sensors and modeling disorientation and attraction with simulations. This single light source induced significant behavioral alterations in birds, even in good visibility conditions, in this heavily photopolluted environment, and to altitudes up to 4 km. We estimate that the installation influenced ≈1.1 million birds during our study period of 7 d over 7 y. When the installation was illuminated, birds aggregated in high densities, decreased flight speeds, followed circular flight paths, and vocalized frequently. Simulations revealed a high probability of disorientation and subsequent attraction for nearby birds, and bird densities near the installation exceeded magnitudes 20 times greater than surrounding baseline densities during each year's observations. However, behavioral disruptions disappeared when lights were extinguished, suggesting that selective removal of light during nights with substantial bird migration is a viable strategy for minimizing potentially fatal interactions among ALAN, structures, and birds. Our results also highlight the value of additional studies describing behavioral patterns of nocturnally migrating birds in powerful lights in urban areas as well as conservation implications for such lighting installations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Van Doren
- Information Science Program, Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY 14850
- Edward Grey Institute, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PS, United Kingdom
| | - Kyle G Horton
- Information Science Program, Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY 14850
- Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019
- Oklahoma Biological Survey, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019
| | - Adriaan M Dokter
- Information Science Program, Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY 14850
| | - Holger Klinck
- Bioacoustics Research Program, Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY 14850
| | | | - Andrew Farnsworth
- Information Science Program, Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY 14850;
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15
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Gu J, Li DY, Luo Y, Ying SB, Zhang LY, Shi QM, Chen J, Zhang SP, Zhou ZM, Liao WB. Brain size in Hylarana guentheri seems unaffected by variation in temperature and growth season. ANIM BIOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1163/15707563-00002533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Brain size varies dramatically between vertebrate species. Two prominent adaptive hypotheses – the Cognitive Buffer Hypothesis (CBH) and the Expensive Brain Hypothesis (EBH) – have been proposed to explain brain size evolution. The CBH assumes that brain size should increase with seasonality, as the cognitive benefits of a larger brain should help overcoming periods of food scarcity via, for example, increased behavioral flexibility. Alternatively, the EBH states that brain size should decrease with seasonality because a smaller brain confers energetic benefits in periods of food scarcity. Here, to test the two adaptive hypotheses by studying the effects of variation in temperature and growth season on variations in overall brain size and the size of specific brain regions (viz. olfactory nerves, olfactory bulbs, telencephalon, optic tectum and cerebellum) among Hylarana guentheri populations. Inconsistent with the predictions of both the EBH and the CBH, variation in temperature and growth season did not exhibit correlations with overall brain size and the size of brain regions across populations. Hence, our data do not provide support for either the EBH or the CBH to explain brain size variation in H. guentheri. Furthermore, brain size variation did not differ between males and females in this species. Our findings suggest that both the variation in temperature and growth season did not shape the variation in brain size in H. guentheri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Gu
- 1Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, Sichuan, China
| | - Da Yong Li
- 1Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Luo
- 1Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, Sichuan, China
| | - Song Bei Ying
- 1Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, Sichuan, China
| | - Lan Ya Zhang
- 1Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, Sichuan, China
| | - Qing Mao Shi
- 2Micangshan Nature Reserve, Wangcang, 628200, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian Chen
- 2Micangshan Nature Reserve, Wangcang, 628200, Sichuan, China
| | - Shi Peng Zhang
- 2Micangshan Nature Reserve, Wangcang, 628200, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhao Min Zhou
- 1Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, Sichuan, China
| | - Wen Bo Liao
- 1Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, Sichuan, China
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16
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Vincze O. Light enough to travel or wise enough to stay? Brain size evolution and migratory behavior in birds. Evolution 2016; 70:2123-33. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.13012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Orsolya Vincze
- MTA-DE “Lendület” Behavioural Ecology Research Group, Department of Evolutionary Zoology and Human Biology; University of Debrecen; Debrecen H-4032 Hungary
- Evolutionary Ecology Group, Hungarian Department of Biology and Ecology; Babeş-Bolyai University; Cluj-Napoca 400006 Romania
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18
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Day LB, Lindsay WR. Associations between Manakin Display Complexity and Both Body and Brain Size Challenge Assumptions of Allometric Correction: A Response to Gutierrez-Ibanez et al. (2016). BRAIN, BEHAVIOR AND EVOLUTION 2016; 87:227-31. [DOI: 10.1159/000446341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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19
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Gutierrez-Ibanez C, Iwaniuk AN, Wylie DR. Relative Brain Size Is Not Correlated with Display Complexity in Manakins: A Reanalysis of Lindsay et al. (2015). BRAIN, BEHAVIOR AND EVOLUTION 2016; 87:223-6. [PMID: 27256814 DOI: 10.1159/000446312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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