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Zvyagina AI, Dal AI, Minaychev VV, Krasnova OA, Akatov VS, Fadeeva IS. Passive Aseptic Calcification of Fixed Pericardial Biomaterials Is Mediated by Damage to the Structure and Microarchitectonics of Their Extracellular Matrix. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350922010213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Wu L, Kim Y, Seon GM, Choi SH, Park HC, Son G, Kim SM, Lim BS, Yang HC. Effects of RGD-grafted phosphatidylserine-containing liposomes on the polarization of macrophages and bone tissue regeneration. Biomaterials 2021; 279:121239. [PMID: 34753037 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylserine-containing liposomes (PSLs) can mimic the anti-inflammatory effects of apoptotic cells by binding to the phosphatidylserine receptors of macrophages. MGF-E8, a bridge molecule between phosphatidylserine and macrophages, can promote M2 polarization by activating macrophage integrin with its arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) motif. In this study, to mimic MGF-E8, PSLs presenting RGD peptide (RGD-PSLs) were prepared, and their immunomodulatory effects on macrophages and the bone tissue regeneration of rat calvarial defects were investigated. RGD peptides enhanced the phagocytosis of PSLs by macrophages, especially when the PSLs contained 3% RGD. RGD-PSLs were also more effective than PSLs for the suppression of lipopolysaccharide-induced gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines (i.e., IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) as well as CD86 (M1 marker) expression. Furthermore, RGD promoted PSL-induced M2 polarization: 3%-RGD-PSLs significantly enhanced the mRNA expression of Arg-1, FIZZ1, and YM-1, as well as CD206 (M2 marker) expression. In a calvarial defect model, a significant increase in M2 with a decrease in M1 macrophages was observed with 3%-RGD-PSL treatment compared with the effects of PSLs alone. Finally, new bone formation was also accelerated by 3%-RGD-PSLs. Thus, these results suggest that the intensive immunomodulatory effect of RGD-PSLs led to the enhancement of bone tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lele Wu
- Department of Dental Biomaterials Science, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101, Deahak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Yongjoon Kim
- Department of Dental Biomaterials Science, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101, Deahak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Gyeung Mi Seon
- Department of Dental Biomaterials Science, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101, Deahak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Choi
- Department of Dental Biomaterials Science, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101, Deahak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Hee Chul Park
- Department of Dental Biomaterials Science, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101, Deahak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Gitae Son
- Department of Dental Biomaterials Science, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101, Deahak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Soung Min Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101, Deahak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Bum-Soon Lim
- Department of Dental Biomaterials Science, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101, Deahak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Hyeong-Cheol Yang
- Department of Dental Biomaterials Science, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101, Deahak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.
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Park HC, Quan H, Yang HC. Effects of phosphatidylserine-containing liposomes on odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp cells. Dent Mater J 2017; 36:76-81. [PMID: 27928104 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2016-127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylserine (PS) is known to enhance biomineralization due to the ability to accumulate calcium ions. In this study, the effects of PS on odontogenic differentiation and mineralization of human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) were investigated using phosphatidylserine-containing liposomes (PSLs). PSL was slightly cytotoxic at 125 µM in growth medium, and ALP activity was up-regulated in the PSL-treated HDPCs at non-cytotoxic concentrations. Mineralization was also enhanced by PSL, while mRNA expressions of DSPP and OCN genes were slightly attenuated. The mRNA expression of Runx2 was not altered by PSL. It is thus likely that PSL selectively affected odontogenic differentiation processes of HDPC. Finally, the interaction between PSL and HDPC was investigated by staining with annexin V-FITC in PSL-treated HDPC. It was found that PS was gradually incorporated into HDPC cytoplasm for several days. The results of this study suggest that PSL is able to stimulate dentin formation in dental pulps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Chul Park
- Department of Dental Biomaterials Science and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University
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Duan X, Zhang Y, Li L, Zhang R, Ding M, Huang Q, Xu WS, Shi T, An L. Effects of Concentration and Ionization Degree of Anchoring Cationic Polymers on the Lateral Heterogeneity of Anionic Lipid Monolayers. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:984-994. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b12386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozheng Duan
- State Key Laboratory
of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, P. R. China
| | - Liangyi Li
- State Key Laboratory
of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Ran Zhang
- State Key Laboratory
of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Mingming Ding
- State Key Laboratory
of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Qingrong Huang
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Wen-Sheng Xu
- James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Tongfei Shi
- State Key Laboratory
of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Lijia An
- State Key Laboratory
of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
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Stübinger S, Nuss K, Bürki A, Mosch I, le Sidler M, Meikle ST, von Rechenberg B, Santin M. Osseointegration of titanium implants functionalised with phosphoserine-tethered poly(epsilon-lysine) dendrons: a comparative study with traditional surface treatments in sheep. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2015; 26:87. [PMID: 25644101 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-015-5433-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyse the osseointegrative potential of phosphoserine-tethered dendrons when applied as surface functionalisation molecules on titanium implants in a sheep model after 2 and 8 weeks of implantation. Uncoated and dendron-coated implants were implanted in six sheep. Sandblasted and etched (SE) or porous additive manufactured (AM) implants with and without additional dendron functionalisation (SE-PSD; AM-PSD) were placed in the pelvic bone. Three implants per group were examined histologically and six implants were tested biomechanically. After 2 and 8 weeks the bone-to-implant contact (BIC) total values of SE implants (43.7±12.2; 53.3±9.0%) and SE-PSD (46.7±4.5; 61.7±4.9%) as well as AM implants (20.49±5.1; 43.9±9.7%) and AM-PSD implants (19.7±3.5; 48.3±15.6%) showed no statistically significant differences. For SE-PSD and AM-PSD a separate analysis of only the cancellous BIC demonstrated a statistically significant difference after 2 and 8 weeks. Biomechanical findings proved the overall increased stability of the porous implants after 8 weeks. Overall, the great effect of implant macro design on osseointegration was further supported by additional phosphoserine-tethered dendrons for SE and AM implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Stübinger
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Equine Hospital, Vetsuisse Faculty ZH, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland,
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Luthringer BJC, Katha UMR, Willumeit R. Phosphatidylethanolamine biomimetic coating increases mesenchymal stem cell osteoblastogenesis. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2014; 25:2561-2571. [PMID: 24980874 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-014-5263-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Previous observations (e.g., decreased bacterial adhesion) have shed the light on the auspicious possibility to use phosphatidylethanolamine as biomimetic coating for metal implants. Additionally, it was experimentally shown that phosphatidylethanolamine induces bone formation, however, up to now no study was performed to understand this observation or to find an explanation. In an attempt to unveil how and why phosphatidylethanolamine can improve cell metabolism and osteogenic differentiation, primary cells (human umbilical cord perivascular cells) were cultured on native or phosphatidylethanolamine coated surfaces. Several parameters were followed on gene (real time polymerase chain reaction) and protein (e.g., dot-blot and ELISA tests) levels. It was determined that phosphatidylethanolamine potentiates cell metabolism, osteogenic differentiation, and mineralisation early processes. By preventing biofilm formation while promoting new bone formation, phosphatidylethanolamine could be easily implemented as implant bio-mimicking coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bérengère J C Luthringer
- Institute of Materials Research, Department for Structural Research on Macromolecules, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (HZG), Geesthacht, Germany,
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Duan X, Li Y, Zhang R, Shi T, An L, Huang Q. Compositional redistribution and dynamic heterogeneity in mixed lipid membrane induced by polyelectrolyte adsorption: effects of chain rigidity. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2014; 37:27. [PMID: 25143187 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2014-14071-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Monte Carlo simulation is employed to investigate the interaction between a polyelectrolyte and a fluid mixed membrane containing neutral (phosphatidyl-choline, PC), monovalent anionic (phosphatidylserine, PS), and multivalent anionic (phosphatidylinositol, PIP2) lipids. The effects of the intrinsic polyelectrolyte rigidity and solution ionic strength on the lateral rearrangement and dynamics of different anionic lipid species are systematically studied. Our results show that, the increase of polyelectrolyte chain rigidity reduces the loss of polyelectrolyte conformational entropy and the energy gains in electrostatic interaction, but raises the demixing entropy loss of the segregated anionic lipids. Therefore, the polyelectrolyte/membrane adsorption strength exhibits a non-monotonic dependence on the polyelectrolyte rigid parameter k ang, and there exists a certain optimal k ang for which the adsorption strength is maximal. Because the less loss of chain conformational entropy dominates the increase of the demixing entropy loss of the segregated anionic lipids and the decreases of the electrostatic energy gains, the semiflexible polyelectrolyte adsorbs onto the membrane more firmly than the flexible one. Whereas, for the adsorption of rigid polyelectrolyte, larger anionic lipid demixing entropy loss and less energy gain in the electrostatic interaction dominate over the decrease of the polyelectrolyte conformation entropy loss, leading to the desorption of the chain from the membrane. By decreasing the ionic concentration of the salt solution, the certain optimal k ang shifts to larger values. The cooperative effects of the adsorbing polyelectrolyte beads determine the concentration gradients and hierarchical mobility of the bound anionic lipids, as well as the polyelectrolyte dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozheng Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130022, Changchun, China
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Effect of polyelectrolyte adsorption on lateral distribution and dynamics of anionic lipids: a Monte Carlo study of a coarse-grain model. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2014; 43:377-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s00249-014-0969-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Meikle ST, Bianchi G, Olivier G, Santin M. Osteoconductive phosphoserine-modified poly({varepsilon}-lysine) dendrons: synthesis, titanium oxide surface functionalization and response of osteoblast-like cell lines. J R Soc Interface 2013. [PMID: 23193106 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2012.0765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of direct bonding between the surface of an implant and the mineralized bony tissue is among the main causes of aseptic loosening in titanium-based implants. Surface etching and ceramic coatings have led to improved osteointegration, but their clinical performance is still limited either by partial bonding or by coating delamination. In this work, a solid-phase synthesis method has been optimized to produce poly(ε-lysine) dendrons, the outermost branching generation of which is functionalized by phosphoserine (PS), a known catalyst of the biomineralization process. The dendrons were deposited onto etched titanium oxide surfaces as a near-to-monolayer film able to induce the formation of a homogeneous calcium phosphate phase in a simulated body fluid over 3 days. The dendron films also stimulated MG63 and SAOS-2 osteoblast-like cells to proliferate at a rate significantly higher than etched titanium, with SAOS-2 also showing a higher degree of differentiation over 14 days. PS-tethered dendron films were not affected by various sterilization methods and UV treatment appeared to improve the cell substrate potential of these films, thus suggesting their potential as a surface functionalization method for bone implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- S T Meikle
- Brighton Studies in Tissue-mimicry and Aided Regeneration, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, , Huxley Building, Lewes Road, Brighton, UK
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Duan X, Zhang R, Li Y, Shi T, An L, Huang Q. Monte Carlo Study of Polyelectrolyte Adsorption on Mixed Lipid Membrane. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:989-1002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp310017j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozheng Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P.
R. China
| | - Ran Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P.
R. China
| | - Yunqi Li
- Food Science Department, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901,
United States
| | - Tongfei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P.
R. China
| | - Lijia An
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P.
R. China
| | - Qingrong Huang
- Food Science Department, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901,
United States
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Xu C, Zheng Z, Fang L, Zhao N, Lin Z, Liang T, Zhai Z, Zhou J. Phosphatidylserine enhances osteogenic differentiation in human mesenchymal stem cells via ERK signal pathways. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2013; 33:1783-8. [PMID: 23827636 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2013.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Revised: 12/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylserine (PS) has been demonstrated to promote bone mineralization. It has also been used in bone repairing biomaterials as a functional molecule. However, the effect of PS on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is not clear. In this study, we determined the effect of PS on the osteogenic differentiation of human MSCs (hMSCs) cultured in growth or osteogenic differentiation medium and the role of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway on PS activity. Cytotoxicity of PS was measured by MTT assay in growth medium for 5 days. Cell osteogenic differentiation was evaluated by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity analysis, Alizarin Red S staining and real-time PCR assay. Western blotting and ERK blocking assay were used to examine the role of ERK1/2 signaling pathway on PS activity. The results showed no cytotoxicity for the doses of PS administered. For 21 days, 50-100 μM PS increased ALP expression and mineralization of hMSCs. The expression of the osteogenic gene marker, ALP, osteocalcin (OC), and RUNX2 was enhanced by 50 μM PS treatment at day 14. Phospho-ERK was activated by 50 μM PS at 30 min and 1h in growth medium. In osteogenic medium, 50 μM PS extended phospho-ERK activation by osteogenic induction medium from 30 min to 8 h. U0126, an ERK inhibitor, suppressed the ALP expression induced by PS. Our data indicate that the ERK signal is potentially a mediator in the process of osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs induced by PS. PS, as a functional molecule, has high potential for use in bone repairing biomaterials and bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Xu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510641, China.
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Jagoda A, Zinn M, Bieler E, Meier W, Kita-Tokarczyk K. Biodegradable polymer–lipid monolayers as templates for calcium phosphate mineralization. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:368-378. [DOI: 10.1039/c2tb00083k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Galli C, Piemontese M, Meikle ST, Santin M, Macaluso GM, Passeri G. Biomimetic coating with phosphoserine-tethered poly(epsilon-lysine) dendrons on titanium surfaces enhances Wnt and osteoblastic differentiation. Clin Oral Implants Res 2012; 25:e133-9. [DOI: 10.1111/clr.12075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Galli
- Department of Biotechnology; Biomedical and Translational Sciences, University of Parma; Parma Italy
| | - Marilina Piemontese
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; University of Parma; Parma Italy
| | - Steven T. Meikle
- Brighton Studies in Tissue-mimicry and Aided Regeneration; School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences; University of Brighton; Brighton UK
| | - Matteo Santin
- Brighton Studies in Tissue-mimicry and Aided Regeneration; School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences; University of Brighton; Brighton UK
| | - Guido M. Macaluso
- Department of Biotechnology; Biomedical and Translational Sciences, University of Parma; Parma Italy
| | - Giovanni Passeri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; University of Parma; Parma Italy
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Kochanowski A, Hoene A, Patrzyk M, Walschus U, Finke B, Luthringer B, Feyerabend F, Willumeit R, Lucke S, Schlosser M. Examination of the inflammatory response following implantation of titanium plates coated with phospholipids in rats. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2011; 22:1015-1026. [PMID: 21455678 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-011-4287-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2010] [Accepted: 03/10/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Implantation of biomaterials like titanium (Ti) causes inflammatory reactions possibly affecting implant functionality. Surface modifications could improve biocompatibility and functionality of implants. Biomembrane-derived phospholipids might be useful as implant coating due to their biomimetic properties. In vitro studies demonstrated beneficial effects for 2-oleoyl-1-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamin (POPE) as coating regarding interactions with cells and bacteria. Therefore, this in vivo study aimed at examining local inflammatory reactions after implantation of POPE-coated Ti plates. Ti implants with POPE attached non-covalently or covalent via octadecylphosphonic acid (OPA), with OPA alone and uncoated controls were simultaneously implanted intramuscularly in rats for 7, 14 and 56 days. The peri-implant tissue was quantitatively analyzed by immunohistochemistry for total macrophages, tissue macrophages, T cells, antigen-presenting cells and proliferating cells. Overall, both POPE-coated series were comparable to the controls. Furthermore, no differences were found between POPE coating on a covalently linked OPA monolayer and POPE coating dried from solution. Together with earlier in vitro results, this demonstrates the potential of phospholipids for implant surface modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Kochanowski
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Group of Predictive Diagnostics, Ernst Moritz Arndt University of Greifswald, Greifswalder Str 11c, 17495 Karlsburg, Germany
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Role of phosphatidyl-serine in bone repair and its technological exploitation. Molecules 2009; 14:5367-81. [PMID: 20032899 PMCID: PMC6254796 DOI: 10.3390/molecules14125367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2009] [Revised: 11/16/2009] [Accepted: 12/21/2009] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In the 1970s, morphological evidence collected by electron microscopy linked mineral deposition (“calcification” or “mineralization”) in newly-forming bone to membrane-encapsulated particles of a diameter of approximately 100 nm (50–200 nm) that were called “matrix vesiscles”. As the characterisation of these vesicles progressed towards their biochemical composition, the role of lipids in the biomineralization process appeared to be crucial. In particular, a group of cell-membrane phospholipids were identified as major players in the crystal formation process. Indeed, in the 1980s it became clear that phosphatidylserine, together with proteins of the annexin family, was among the most important molecules in binding calcium ions and that this phospholipid was involved in the regulation of the early stages of mineralization in vivo. During the same period of time, the number of surgical implantations of orthopaedic, dental and maxilo-facial devices requiring full integration with the treated bone prompted the study of new functionalisation molecules able to establish a stable bonding with the mineral phase of the host tissue. In the late 1990s studies started that aimed at exploiting the potential of calcium-binding phospholipids and, in particular, of the phosphatidylserine as functionalisation molecules to improve the osteointegration of artificial implants. Later, papers have been published that show the potential of the phophatidylserine and phosphatidylserine-mimicking coating technology to promote calcification both in vitro and in vivo. The promising results support the future clinical application of these novel osteointegrative biomaterials.
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