1
|
McCord CL, Nash CM, Cooper WJ, Westneat MW. Phylogeny of the damselfishes (Pomacentridae) and patterns of asymmetrical diversification in body size and feeding ecology. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258889. [PMID: 34705840 PMCID: PMC8550381 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The damselfishes (family Pomacentridae) inhabit near-shore communities in tropical and temperature oceans as one of the major lineages in coral reef fish assemblages. Our understanding of their evolutionary ecology, morphology and function has often been advanced by increasingly detailed and accurate molecular phylogenies. Here we present the next stage of multi-locus, molecular phylogenetics for the group based on analysis of 12 nuclear and mitochondrial gene sequences from 345 of the 422 damselfishes. The resulting well-resolved phylogeny helps to address several important questions about higher-level damselfish relationships, their evolutionary history and patterns of divergence. A time-calibrated phylogenetic tree yields a root age for the family of 55.5 mya, refines the age of origin for a number of diverse genera, and shows that ecological changes during the Eocene-Oligocene transition provided opportunities for damselfish diversification. We explored the idea that body size extremes have evolved repeatedly among the Pomacentridae, and demonstrate that large and small body sizes have evolved independently at least 40 times and with asymmetric rates of transition among size classes. We tested the hypothesis that transitions among dietary ecotypes (benthic herbivory, pelagic planktivory and intermediate omnivory) are asymmetric, with higher transition rates from intermediate omnivory to either planktivory or herbivory. Using multistate hidden-state speciation and extinction models, we found that both body size and dietary ecotype are significantly associated with patterns of diversification across the damselfishes, and that the highest rates of net diversification are associated with medium body size and pelagic planktivory. We also conclude that the pattern of evolutionary diversification in feeding ecology, with frequent and asymmetrical transitions between feeding ecotypes, is largely restricted to the subfamily Pomacentrinae in the Indo-West Pacific. Trait diversification patterns for damselfishes across a fully resolved phylogeny challenge many recent general conclusions about the evolution of reef fishes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlene L. McCord
- College of Natural and Behavioral Sciences, California State University Dominguez Hills, Carson, California, United States of America
| | - Chloe M. Nash
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, and Committee on Evolutionary Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Division of Fishes, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - W. James Cooper
- Department of Biology and Program in Marine and Coastal Science, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington, United States of America
| | - Mark W. Westneat
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, and Committee on Evolutionary Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Division of Fishes, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chea R, Pool TK, Chevalier M, Ngor P, So N, Winemiller KO, Lek S, Grenouillet G. Impact of seasonal hydrological variation on tropical fish assemblages: abrupt shift following an extreme flood event. Ecosphere 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ratha Chea
- Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology Graduate School University of Battambang Battambang Cambodia
- Laboratoire Evolution & Diversité Biologique (EDB UMR5174) Université de Toulouse, CNRS, IRD, UPS Toulouse Cedex France
| | - Thomas K. Pool
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences (SAFS) University of Washington Seattle Washington98195USA
| | - Mathieu Chevalier
- Laboratoire Evolution & Diversité Biologique (EDB UMR5174) Université de Toulouse, CNRS, IRD, UPS Toulouse Cedex France
| | - Pengbun Ngor
- Fisheries Administration Inland Fisheries Research and Development Institute (IFREDI) Phnom Penh Cambodia
| | - Nam So
- Fisheries Administration Inland Fisheries Research and Development Institute (IFREDI) Phnom Penh Cambodia
- Mekong River Commission Secretariat (MRCS) Vientiane Lao PDR
| | - Kirk O. Winemiller
- Department Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences Texas A&M University College Station Texas77843USA
| | - Sovan Lek
- Laboratoire Evolution & Diversité Biologique (EDB UMR5174) Université de Toulouse, CNRS, IRD, UPS Toulouse Cedex France
| | - Gaël Grenouillet
- Laboratoire Evolution & Diversité Biologique (EDB UMR5174) Université de Toulouse, CNRS, IRD, UPS Toulouse Cedex France
- Institut Universitaire de France Paris France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Incorporating indirect pathways in body size-trophic position relationships. Oecologia 2020; 194:177-191. [PMID: 32940775 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-020-04752-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Body size, trophic position (TP), and trophic niche width are important elements of food webs; however, there is still debate regarding their interrelationships. Most studies have tested these correlations using datasets restricted to carnivores and bivariate models that disregard potential indirect effects of other factors, their interactions, and phylogeny. We analyzed relationships among TP, consumer size, maximum food item size, food item size variation (a proxy for trophic niche width), and two other traits (gut length and mouth width) using confirmatory path analysis of an extensive dataset for freshwater fishes that encompass both carnivorous and non-carnivorous species. Consumer size was associated with maximum food size, food size variation, mouth width, and gut length, all of which mediated indirect relationships between body size and TP. Mouth gape was associated with maximum food size, and consumers that fed on larger food items had higher TP. Consumers with relatively long guts generally fed on small and homogeneous food items near the base of the food web. Models were consistent whether or not accounting for phylogeny, but varied according to trophic guilds. However, the body size of both carnivorous and non-carnivorous was not directly associated with TP. Therefore, the incorporation of functional traits and their intermediate pathways is critical for understanding size-based trophic relationships of animals that encompass diverse feeding strategies. Our results caution approaches that rely on body size as a surrogate for TP, especially in systems where plants and detritus are consumed directly by a significant number of animals, such as in most freshwater ecosystems.
Collapse
|
4
|
Rapidly Accelerating Deforestation in Cambodia’s Mekong River Basin: A Comparative Analysis of Spatial Patterns and Drivers. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12082191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The Mekong River is a globally important river system, known for its unique flood pulse hydrology, ecological productivity, and biodiversity. Flooded forests provide critical terrestrial nutrient inputs and habitat to support aquatic species. However, the Mekong River is under threat from anthropogenic stressors, including deforestation from land cultivation and urbanization, and dam construction that inundates forests and encourages road development. This study investigated spatio-temporal patterns of deforestation in Cambodia and portions of neighboring Laos and Vietnam that form the Srepok–Sesan–Sekong watershed. A random forest model predicted tree cover change over a 25-year period (1993–2017) using the Landsat satellite archive. Then, a statistical predictive deforestation model was developed using annual-resolution predictors such as land-cover change, hydropower development, forest fragmentation, and socio-economic, topo-edaphic and climatic predictors. The results show that almost 19% of primary forest (nearly 24,000 km2) was lost, with more deforestation in floodplain (31%) than upland (18%) areas. Our results corroborate studies showing extremely high rates of deforestation in Cambodia. Given the rapidly accelerating deforestation rates, even in protected areas and community forests, influenced by a growing population and economy and extreme poverty, our study highlights landscape features indicating an increased risk of future deforestation, supporting a spatial framework for future conservation and mitigation efforts.
Collapse
|
5
|
Keppeler FW, Montaña CG, Winemiller KO. The relationship between trophic level and body size in fishes depends on functional traits. ECOL MONOGR 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Friedrich W. Keppeler
- Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology Texas A&M University College Station Texas USA
| | - Carmen G. Montaña
- Department of Biology Stephen F. Austin State University Nacogdoches Texas USA
| | - Kirk O. Winemiller
- Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology Texas A&M University College Station Texas USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Burress ED, Wainwright PC. A peacock bass (Cichla) functional novelty relaxes a constraint imposed by the classic cichlid pharyngeal jaw innovation. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blaa050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Innovations may provide access to new resources but often result in significant trade-offs. Pharyngognathy is a classic pharyngeal jaw innovation in which the left and right lower pharyngeal jaw (LPJ) bones are united into a single structure, producing a strong bite but reduced gape. Throughout cichlids, pharyngeal suturing occurs along the entire medial border between LPJ bones, except in peacock bass (Cichla), where these bones are connected by ligaments only in their anterior region. We show that this limited attachment permits the jaw bones to spread apart and we link this feature to an increase in pharyngeal gape that is comparable to non-pharyngognathous species. The capacity of the LPJ bones to spread apart is strongest in juveniles and is mostly lost during development. Juvenile Cichla exhibit size-specific pharyngeal gape similar to non-pharyngognathous percomorphs; however, adults exhibit pharyngeal gape on par with other predatory cichlids. Relaxation of pharyngeal suturing offsets a major deleterious consequence of pharyngognathy by reducing gape limitation and we propose this may accelerate the ontogenetic transition to piscivory. Partial reversal of the classic cichlid pharyngeal jaw innovation highlights the functional trade-offs that often accompany innovations and may be a major cause of variation in their macroevolutionary consequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edward D Burress
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Peter C Wainwright
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kadye WT, Booth AJ. Environmental niche patterns of native and non-native fishes within an invaded African river system. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2020; 96:1269-1277. [PMID: 31006850 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To test ecological niche theory, this study investigated the spatial patterns and the environmental niches of native and non-native fishes within the invaded Great Fish River system, South Africa. For the native fishes, there were contrasting environmental niche breadths that varied from being small to being large and overlapped for most species, except minnows that were restricted to headwater tributaries. In addition, there was high niche overlap in habitat association among fishes with similar distribution. It was therefore inferred that habitat filtering-driven spatial organisation was important in explaining native species distribution patterns. In comparison, most non-native fishes were found to have broad environmental niches and these fishes showed high tolerance to environmental conditions, which generally supported the niche opportunity hypothesis. The proliferation of multiple non-native fishes in the mainstem section suggest that they form a functional assemblage that is probably facilitated by the anthropogenic modification of flow regimes through inter-basin water transfer. Based on the distribution patterns observed in the study, it was inferred that there was a likelihood of negative interactions between native and non-native fishes. Such effects are likely to be exacerbated by altered flow regime that was likely to have negative implications for native ichthyofauna.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wilbert T Kadye
- Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - Anthony J Booth
- Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Potapov AM, Brose U, Scheu S, Tiunov AV. Trophic Position of Consumers and Size Structure of Food Webs across Aquatic and Terrestrial Ecosystems. Am Nat 2019; 194:823-839. [DOI: 10.1086/705811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
9
|
McMeans BC, Kadoya T, Pool TK, Holtgrieve GW, Lek S, Kong H, Winemiller K, Elliott V, Rooney N, Laffaille P, McCann KS. Consumer trophic positions respond variably to seasonally fluctuating environments. Ecology 2019; 100:e02570. [PMID: 30657592 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The effects of environmental seasonality on food web structure have been notoriously understudied in empirical ecology. Here, we focus on seasonal changes in one key attribute of a food web, consumer trophic position. We ask whether fishes inhabiting tropical river-floodplain ecosystems behave as seasonal omnivores, by shifting their trophic positions in relation to the annual flood pulse, or whether they feed at the same trophic position all year, as much empirical work implicitly assumes. Using dietary data from the Tonle Sap Lake, Cambodia, and a literature review, we find evidence that some fishes, especially small piscivores, increased consumption of invertebrates and/or plant material during the wet season, as predicted. However, nitrogen stable isotope (δ15 N) data for 26 Tonle Sap fishes, spanning a broader range of functional groups, uncovered high variation in seasonal trophic position responses among species (0 to ±0.52 trophic positions). Based on these findings, species respond to the flood pulse differently. Diverse behavioral responses to seasonality, underpinned by spatiotemporal variation at multiple scales, could be central for rerouting matter and energy flow in these dynamic ecosystems. Seasonally flexible foraging behaviors warrant further study given their potential influence on food web dynamics in a range of fluctuating environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bailey C McMeans
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, L5L 1C6, Canada.,School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Taku Kadoya
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Thomas K Pool
- Biology Department, Seattle University, Seattle, Washington, 98122, USA
| | - Gordon W Holtgrieve
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98105, USA
| | - Sovan Lek
- EDB, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, ENFA, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Heng Kong
- EDB, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, ENFA, UPS, Toulouse, France.,EcoLab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Kirk Winemiller
- Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences and Program of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843-2258, USA
| | - Vittoria Elliott
- Moore Center for Science, Conservation International, Arlington, Virginia, 22202, USA.,National museum of natural history, Smithsonian institution, Washington, District of Columbia, 20560, USA
| | - Neil Rooney
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Pascal Laffaille
- EcoLab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Kevin S McCann
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bloom DD, Burns MD, Schriever TA. Evolution of body size and trophic position in migratory fishes: a phylogenetic comparative analysis of Clupeiformes (anchovies, herring, shad and allies). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/bly106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Devin D Bloom
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
- Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
| | - Michael D Burns
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Tiffany A Schriever
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
- Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|