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Gómez MC, Mondragon EI, Molano EL, Hidalgo-Troya A, Mármol-Martínez MA, Guerrero-Ceballos DL, Pantoja MA, Paz-García C, Gómez-Arrieta J, Burbano-Rosero M. Mathematical model of interaction Escherichia coli and Coliphages. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2023; 20:9712-9727. [PMID: 37322908 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2023426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We propose a mathematical model based in ordinary differential equations between bacterial pathogen and Bacteriophages to describe the infection dynamics of these populations, for which we use a nonlinear function with an inhibitory effect. We study the stability of the model using the Lyapunov theory and the second additive compound matrix and perform a global sensitivity analysis to elucidate the most influential parameters in the model, besides we make a parameter estimation using growth data of Escherichia coli (E.coli) bacteria in presence of Coliphages (bacteriophages that infect E.coli) with different multiplicity of infection. We found a threshold that indicates whether the bacteriophage concentration will coexist with the bacterium (the coexistence equilibrium) or become extinct (phages extinction equilibrium), the first equilibrium is locally asymptotically stable while the other is globally asymptotically stable depending on the magnitude of this threshold. Beside we found that the dynamics of the model is particularly affected by infection rate of bacteria and Half-saturation phages density. Parameter estimation show that all multiplicities of infection are effective in eliminating infected bacteria but the smaller one leaves a higher number of bacteriophages at the end of this elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miller Cerón Gómez
- Department of Mathematics, University of Narño, Pasto, Clle 18 - Cra 50, Colombia
| | | | - Eddy Lopez Molano
- Department of Biology, University of Narño, Pasto, Clle 18 - Cra 50, Colombia
| | | | | | | | - Mario A Pantoja
- Department of Biology, University of Narño, Pasto, Clle 18 - Cra 50, Colombia
| | - Camilo Paz-García
- Department of Biology, University of Narño, Pasto, Clle 18 - Cra 50, Colombia
| | - Jenny Gómez-Arrieta
- Department of Biology, University of Narño, Pasto, Clle 18 - Cra 50, Colombia
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Red Light Resets the Expression Pattern, Phase, and Period of the Circadian Clock in Plants: A Computational Approach. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11101479. [PMID: 36290383 PMCID: PMC9598827 DOI: 10.3390/biology11101479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Progress in computational biology has provided a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics of the plant circadian clock. Previously proposed models of the plant circadian clock have intended to model its entrainment using white-light/dark cycles. However, these models have failed to take into account the effect of light quality on circadian rhythms, which has been experimentally observed. In this work, we developed a computational approach to characterizing the effects of light quality on plant circadian rhythms. The results demonstrated that red light can reset the expression patterns, phases, and periods of clock component genes. The circadian period, amplitude, and phase can be co-optimized for high-quality and efficient breeding. Abstract Recent research in the fields of biochemistry and molecular biology has shown that different light qualities have extremely different effects on plant development, and optimizing light quality conditions can speed up plant growth. Clock-regulated red-light signaling, can enhance hypocotyl elongation, and increase seedling height and flower and fruit productivity. In order to investigate the effect of red light on circadian clocks in plants, a novel computational model was established. The expression profiles of the circadian element CCA1 from previous related studies were used to fit the model. The simulation results were validated by the expression patterns of CCA1 in Arabidopsis, including wild types and mutants, and by the phase shifts of CCA1 after red-light pulse. The model was used to further explore the complex responses to various photoperiods, such as the natural white-light/dark cycles, red/white/dark cycles, and extreme 24 h photoperiods. These results demonstrated that red light can reset the expression pattern, period, and phase of the circadian clock. Finally, we identified the dependence of phase shifts on the length of red-light pulse and the minimum red-light pulse length required for producing an observable phase shift. This work provides a promising computational approach to investigating the response of the circadian clock to other light qualities.
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Alanin KWS, Junco LMF, Jørgensen JB, Nielsen TK, Rasmussen MA, Kot W, Hansen LH. Metaviromes Reveal the Dynamics of Pseudomonas Host-Specific Phages Cultured and Uncultured by Plaque Assay. Viruses 2021; 13:959. [PMID: 34064231 PMCID: PMC8224292 DOI: 10.3390/v13060959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Isolating single phages using plaque assays is a laborious and time-consuming process. Whether single isolated phages are the most lyse-effective, the most abundant in viromes, or those with the highest ability to make plaques in solid media is not well known. With the increasing accessibility of high-throughput sequencing, metaviromics is often used to describe viruses in environmental samples. By extracting and sequencing metaviromes from organic waste with and without exposure to a host-of-interest, we show a host-related phage community's shift, as well as identify the most enriched phages. Moreover, we isolated plaque-forming single phages using the same virome-host matrix to observe how enrichments in liquid media correspond to the metaviromic data. In this study, we observed a significant shift (p = 0.015) of the 47 identified putative Pseudomonas phages with a minimum twofold change above zero in read abundance when adding a Pseudomonas syringae DC3000 host. Surprisingly, it appears that only two out of five plaque-forming phages from the same organic waste sample, targeting the Pseudomonas strain, were highly abundant in the metavirome, while the other three were almost absent despite host exposure. Lastly, our sequencing results highlight how long reads from Oxford Nanopore elevates the assembly quality of metaviromes, compared to short reads alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrine Wacenius Skov Alanin
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; (K.W.S.A.); (L.M.F.J.); (J.B.J.); (T.K.N.)
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Laura Milena Forero Junco
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; (K.W.S.A.); (L.M.F.J.); (J.B.J.); (T.K.N.)
| | - Jacob Bruun Jørgensen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; (K.W.S.A.); (L.M.F.J.); (J.B.J.); (T.K.N.)
| | - Tue Kjærgaard Nielsen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; (K.W.S.A.); (L.M.F.J.); (J.B.J.); (T.K.N.)
| | - Morten Arendt Rasmussen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark;
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2820 Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Witold Kot
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; (K.W.S.A.); (L.M.F.J.); (J.B.J.); (T.K.N.)
| | - Lars Hestbjerg Hansen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; (K.W.S.A.); (L.M.F.J.); (J.B.J.); (T.K.N.)
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Arya S, Todman H, Baker M, Hooton S, Millard A, Kreft JU, Hobman JL, Stekel DJ. A generalised model for generalised transduction: the importance of co-evolution and stochasticity in phage mediated antimicrobial resistance transfer. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2020; 96:5850753. [PMID: 32490523 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiaa100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a major global challenge. Of particular concern are mobilizable elements that can transfer resistance genes between bacteria, leading to pathogens with new combinations of resistance. To date, mathematical models have largely focussed on transfer of resistance by plasmids, with fewer studies on transfer by bacteriophages. We aim to understand how best to model transfer of resistance by transduction by lytic phages. We show that models of lytic bacteriophage infection with empirically derived realistic phage parameters lead to low numbers of bacteria, which, in low population or localised environments, lead to extinction of bacteria and phage. Models that include antagonistic co-evolution of phage and bacteria produce more realistic results. Furthermore, because of these low numbers, stochastic dynamics are shown to be important, especially to spread of resistance. When resistance is introduced, resistance can sometimes be fixed, and at other times die out, with the probability of each outcome sensitive to bacterial and phage parameters. Specifically, that outcome most strongly depends on the baseline death rate of bacteria, with phage-mediated spread favoured in benign environments with low mortality over more hostile environments. We conclude that larger-scale models should consider spatial compartmentalisation and heterogeneous microenviroments, while encompassing stochasticity and co-evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankalp Arya
- Division of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Henry Todman
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Michelle Baker
- Division of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK.,School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Steven Hooton
- Division of Food Science, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Andrew Millard
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Jan-Ulrich Kreft
- School of Biosciences & Institute of Microbiology and Infection & Centre for Computational Biology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Jon L Hobman
- Division of Food Science, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Dov J Stekel
- Division of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
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Storms ZJ, Teel MR, Mercurio K, Sauvageau D. The Virulence Index: A Metric for Quantitative Analysis of Phage Virulence. PHAGE (NEW ROCHELLE, N.Y.) 2020; 1:27-36. [PMID: 36147620 PMCID: PMC9041455 DOI: 10.1089/phage.2019.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: One of the main challenges in developing phage therapy and manufacturing phage products is the reliable evaluation of their efficacy, performance, and quality. Since phage virulence is intrinsically difficult to fully capture, researchers have turned to rapid but partially inadequate methods for its evaluation. Materials and Methods: This study demonstrates a standardized quantitative method to assess phage virulence based on three parameters: the virulence index (VP )-quantifying the virulence of a phage against a host, the local virulence (vi )-assessing killing potential at given multiplicities of infection (MOIs), and MV50 -the MOI at which the phage achieves 50% of its maximum theoretical virulence. This was shown through comparative analysis of the virulence of phages T4, T5, and T7. Results: Under the conditions tested, phage T7 displayed the highest virulence, followed by phage T4 and, finally, by phage T5. The impact of parameters such as temperature and medium composition on virulence was shown for each phage. The use of the method to evaluate the virulence of combinations of phages-for example, for cocktail formulation-is also shown with phages T5 and T7. Conclusions: The method presented provides a platform for high-throughput quantitative assessment of phage virulence and quality control of phage products. It can also be applied to phage screening, evaluation of phage strains, phage mutants, infection conditions and/or the susceptibility of host strains, and the formulation of phage cocktails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J. Storms
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Matthew R. Teel
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Kevin Mercurio
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Dominic Sauvageau
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Address correspondence to: Dominic Sauvageau, PhD, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211-116 Street NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
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