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Vanbergen AJ, Boissieres C, Gray A, Chapman DS. Habitat loss, predation pressure and episodic heat-shocks interact to impact arthropods and photosynthetic functioning of microecosystems. Proc Biol Sci 2021; 288:20210032. [PMID: 33823665 PMCID: PMC8059533 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Ecosystems face multiple, potentially interacting, anthropogenic pressures that can modify biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Using a bryophyte-microarthropod microecosystem we tested the combined effects of habitat loss, episodic heat-shocks and an introduced non-native apex predator on ecosystem function (chlorophyll fluorescence as an indicator of photosystem II function) and microarthropod communities (abundance and body size). The photosynthetic function was degraded by the sequence of heat-shock episodes, but unaffected by microecosystem patch size or top-down pressure from the introduced predator. In small microecosystem patches without the non-native predator, Acari abundance decreased with heat-shock frequency, while Collembola abundance increased. These trends disappeared in larger microecosystem patches or when predators were introduced, although Acari abundance was lower in large patches that underwent heat-shocks and were exposed to the predator. Mean assemblage body length (Collembola) was reduced independently in small microecosystem patches and with greater heat-shock frequency. Our experimental simulation of episodic heatwaves, habitat loss and non-native predation pressure in microecosystems produced evidence of individual and potentially synergistic and antagonistic effects on ecosystem function and microarthropod communities. Such complex outcomes of interactions between multiple stressors need to be considered when assessing anthropogenic risks for biota and ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J. Vanbergen
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0QB, UK
| | - Claire Boissieres
- L'Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Avenue de l'Agrobiopole, BP 32607, Auzeville-Tolosane 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Alan Gray
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0QB, UK
| | - Daniel S. Chapman
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0QB, UK
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK
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Sulliván SMP, Bohenek JR, Cáceres C, Pomeroy LW. Multiple urban stressors drive fish-based ecological networks in streams of Columbus, Ohio, USA. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 754:141970. [PMID: 32920387 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Integrating a network perspective into multiple-stressor research can reveal indirect stressor effects and simultaneously estimate both taxonomic and functional community characteristics, thus representing a novel approach to stressor paradigms in rivers. Using six years of data from twelve streams of Columbus, Ohio, USA, the effects of nutrients (N:P), impervious surface (%IS), and sedimentation on network properties were quantified. Variability in the strength and distribution of trophic interactions was assessed by incorporating biomass into networks. All stressors impacted some properties of network topology - linkage density (average number of links per species), connectance (fraction of all possible links realized in a network), and compartmentalization (degree to which networks contain discrete sub-webs), including synergistic interactive effects between sedimentation and stream size. We also found support for antagonistic effects between (1) sedimentation and %IS and between %IS and N:P on the weighted index mean link weight, which represents the magnitude of trophic interactions among species in a network, and (2) %IS and stream size on strength standard deviation, a measure of the distribution of total magnitude of all trophic interactions per species in a network. Overall, our results point to the potential for urban stressors such as impervious surfaces and sedimentation - alone and as interactions - to decrease network complexity, compartmentalization, and stability, likely through homogenizing habitat and limiting food resources. The observation that larger streams often buffered the negative effects of these stressors suggests that restoration and other management approaches might be most beneficial in smaller headwater streams of urban catchments.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mažeika Patricio Sulliván
- Olentangy River Wetland Research Park, School of Environment and Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43202, USA.
| | - Jason R Bohenek
- Olentangy River Wetland Research Park, School of Environment and Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43202, USA
| | - Carlos Cáceres
- Olentangy River Wetland Research Park, School of Environment and Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43202, USA
| | - Laura W Pomeroy
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Translational Data Analytics Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Tekin E, Diamant ES, Cruz‐Loya M, Enriquez V, Singh N, Savage VM, Yeh PJ. Using a newly introduced framework to measure ecological stressor interactions. Ecol Lett 2020; 23:1391-1403. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.13533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elif Tekin
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California Los Angeles CA90095USA
- Department of Computational Medicine the David Geffen School of Medicine University of California Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Eleanor S. Diamant
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California Los Angeles CA90095USA
| | - Mauricio Cruz‐Loya
- Department of Computational Medicine the David Geffen School of Medicine University of California Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Vivien Enriquez
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California Los Angeles CA90095USA
| | - Nina Singh
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California Los Angeles CA90095USA
| | - Van M. Savage
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California Los Angeles CA90095USA
- Department of Computational Medicine the David Geffen School of Medicine University of California Los Angeles CA USA
- Santa Fe Institute Santa Fe NM87501USA
| | - Pamela J. Yeh
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California Los Angeles CA90095USA
- Santa Fe Institute Santa Fe NM87501USA
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Jackson MC, Fourie HE, Dalu T, Woodford DJ, Wasserman RJ, Zengeya TA, Ellender BR, Kimberg PK, Jordaan MS, Chimimba CT, Weyl OLF. Food web properties vary with climate and land use in South African streams. Funct Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle C. Jackson
- Department of Zoology University of Oxford Oxford UK
- Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus Ascot UK
- Centre for Invasion Biology (CIB), Department of Zoology and Entomology University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa
| | - Hermina E. Fourie
- Centre for Invasion Biology (CIB), Department of Zoology and Entomology University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa
| | - Tatenda Dalu
- Department of Ecology and Resource Management University of Venda Thohoyandou South Africa
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB) Makhanda South Africa
| | - Darragh J. Woodford
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB) Makhanda South Africa
- Centre for Invasion Biology (CIB), School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences University of the Witwatersand Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Ryan J. Wasserman
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB) Makhanda South Africa
- Department of Zoology and Entomology Rhodes University Makhanda South Africa
| | - Tsungai A. Zengeya
- Centre for Invasion Biology (CIB), Department of Zoology and Entomology University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa
- South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI) Kirstenbosch Research Centre Cape Town South Africa
| | - Bruce R. Ellender
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB) Makhanda South Africa
- Upper Zambezi Programme World Wide Fund For Nature Lusaka Zambia
| | | | - Martine S. Jordaan
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB) Makhanda South Africa
- CapeNature Biodiversity Capabilities Unit Stellenbosch South Africa
- Centre for Invasion Biology (CIB) University of Stellenbosch Stellenbosch South Africa
| | - Christian T. Chimimba
- Centre for Invasion Biology (CIB), Department of Zoology and Entomology University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa
| | - Olaf L. F. Weyl
- DSI/NRF Research Chair in Inland Fisheries and Freshwater Ecology South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB) Makhanda South Africa
- Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science Rhodes University Makhanda South Africa
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Beppler C, Tekin E, Mao Z, White C, McDiarmid C, Vargas E, Miller JH, Savage VM, Yeh PJ. Uncovering emergent interactions in three-way combinations of stressors. J R Soc Interface 2017; 13:rsif.2016.0800. [PMID: 27974577 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2016.0800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how multiple stressors interact is needed to predict the dynamical outcomes of diverse biological systems, ranging from drug-resistant pathogens that are combated and treated with combination drug therapies to ecosystems impacted by environmental toxicants or disturbances. Nevertheless, extensive studies of higher-order (more than two component) interactions have been lacking. Here, we conduct experiments using 20 three-drug combinations and their effects on the bacterial growth of Escherichia coli We report our measurements of growth rates in single, pairwise and triple-drug combinations. To uncover emergent interactions, we derive a simple framework to calculate expectations for three-way interactions based on the measured impact of each individual stressor and of each pairwise interaction. Using our framework, we find that (i) emergent antagonisms are more common than emergent synergies and (ii) emergent antagonisms are more common and emergent synergies are more rare than would be inferred from measures of net effects that do not disentangle pairwise interactions from three-way interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey Beppler
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, The Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Elif Tekin
- Department of Biomathematics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Zhiyuan Mao
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, The Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Cynthia White
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Cassandra McDiarmid
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Emily Vargas
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jeffrey H Miller
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, The Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Van M Savage
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Department of Biomathematics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA
| | - Pamela J Yeh
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Shostak AW, Van Buuren KG, Cook R. Response of Flour Beetles to Multiple Stressors of Parasitic (Hymenolepis diminuta), Environmental (Diatomaceous Earth), and Host (Reproduction) Origin. J Parasitol 2015; 101:405-17. [PMID: 25932498 DOI: 10.1645/15-733.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Organisms face a multitude of potential stressors, and the way these stressors interact can provide insights into underlying biological processes. This study examined the flour beetle Tribolium confusum and its survival, net fecundity, and surface-seeking behavior in response to combinations of stressors from 3 categories. Infection by the cestode Hymenolepis diminuta provided a stress of parasitic origin. Exposure to diatomaceous earth (DE) provided a stress of environmental origin. Use of virgin and mated beetles evaluated reproduction as a stress of host origin. Single and multiple exposure of beetles to parasite eggs achieved a maximum mean abundance of 21 parasites/beetle and a maximum intensity of 90 parasites in an individual beetle. DE reduced initial parasite establishment, but did not directly affect survival of parasites after their establishment in the host. A rehydration technique was used to recover parasites from dead beetles, enabling this to be the first study to correlate H. diminuta intensity at time of death directly to mortality of T. confusum. A dichotomous intensity-mortality relationship was observed in 8% DE, whereby lightly infected (<20 parasites) hosts were killed by DE in an intensity-independent manner, but more heavily infected hosts were killed in an intensity-dependent manner. Host mating status did not affect host survival, but there were interactions among mating status, parasitism, and DE on net fecundity and surface-seeking behavior. However, these effects were minor compared to the host mortality that occurred when parasite abundance and DE concentration were both high. The aggregated distribution of T. confusum in beetles, the difficulty of achieving high mean abundances, and an apparent need for the stressors to have strong effects individually if they are to have enhanced effects when in combination, suggests that exposure to multiple stressors would seriously impact only a small proportion of the host population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen W Shostak
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E9
| | - Kala G Van Buuren
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E9
| | - Ranon Cook
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E9
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