1
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Currie T, Brandt GM, Brandt TD, Lacy B, Burrows A, Guyon O, Tamura M, Liu RY, Sagynbayeva S, Tobin T, Chilcote J, Groff T, Marois C, Thompson W, Murphy SJ, Kuzuhara M, Lawson K, Lozi J, Deo V, Vievard S, Skaf N, Uyama T, Jovanovic N, Martinache F, Kasdin NJ, Kudo T, McElwain M, Janson M, Wisniewski J, Hodapp K, Nishikawa J, Hełminiak K, Kwon J, Hayashi M. Direct imaging and astrometric detection of a gas giant planet orbiting an accelerating star. Science 2023; 380:198-203. [PMID: 37053312 DOI: 10.1126/science.abo6192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Direct imaging of gas giant exoplanets provides information on their atmospheres and the architectures of planetary systems. However, few planets have been detected in blind surveys with direct imaging. Using astrometry from the Gaia and Hipparcos spacecraft, we identified dynamical evidence for a gas giant planet around the nearby star HIP 99770. We confirmed the detection of this planet with direct imaging using the Subaru Coronagraphic Extreme Adaptive Optics instrument. The planet, HIP 99770 b, orbits 17 astronomical units from its host star, receiving an amount of light similar to that reaching Jupiter. Its dynamical mass is 13.9 to 16.1 Jupiter masses. The planet-to-star mass ratio [(7 to 8) × 10-3] is similar to that of other directly imaged planets. The planet's atmospheric spectrum indicates an older, less cloudy analog of the previously imaged exoplanets around HR 8799.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thayne Currie
- Subaru Telescope, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Hilo, HI 96720, USA
- University of Texas-San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78006, USA
- Eureka Scientific, Oakland, CA 94602, USA
| | - G Mirek Brandt
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Timothy D Brandt
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Brianna Lacy
- Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Department of Astronomy, University of Texas-Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Adam Burrows
- Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Olivier Guyon
- Subaru Telescope, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Hilo, HI 96720, USA
- Astrobiology Center, Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
- Steward Observatory, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Motohide Tamura
- Astrobiology Center, Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
- Department of Astronomy, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ranger Y Liu
- Department of Astronomy, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Sabina Sagynbayeva
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York-Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11790, USA
| | - Taylor Tobin
- Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Jeffrey Chilcote
- Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Tyler Groff
- NASA-Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - Christian Marois
- National Research Council-Herzberg, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - William Thompson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Simon J Murphy
- Sydney Institute for Astronomy, School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Astrophysics, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia
| | - Masayuki Kuzuhara
- Astrobiology Center, Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - Kellen Lawson
- NASA-Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - Julien Lozi
- Subaru Telescope, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Hilo, HI 96720, USA
| | - Vincent Deo
- Subaru Telescope, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Hilo, HI 96720, USA
| | - Sebastien Vievard
- Subaru Telescope, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Hilo, HI 96720, USA
| | - Nour Skaf
- Subaru Telescope, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Hilo, HI 96720, USA
| | - Taichi Uyama
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
- Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Nemanja Jovanovic
- Department of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Frantz Martinache
- Universite Cote d'Azur, Observatoire de la Cote d'Azur, Laboratoire Lagrange, Nice 06000, France
| | - N Jeremy Kasdin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Tomoyuki Kudo
- Subaru Telescope, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Hilo, HI 96720, USA
| | | | - Markus Janson
- Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University, Stockholm 114 19, Sweden
| | - John Wisniewski
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| | - Klaus Hodapp
- Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawai'i, Hilo, HI 96720, USA
| | - Jun Nishikawa
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
- Department of Astronomy, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Krzysztof Hełminiak
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, Torun 87-100, Poland
| | - Jungmi Kwon
- Department of Astronomy, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masahiko Hayashi
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
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2
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Burdge KB, Marsh TR, Fuller J, Bellm EC, Caiazzo I, Chakrabarty D, Coughlin MW, De K, Dhillon VS, Graham MJ, Rodríguez-Gil P, Jaodand AD, Kaplan DL, Kara E, Kong AKH, Kulkarni SR, Li KL, Littlefair SP, Majid WA, Mróz P, Pearlman AB, Phinney ES, Roestel JV, Simcoe RA, Andreoni I, Drake AJ, Dekany RG, Duev DA, Kool EC, Mahabal AA, Medford MS, Riddle R, Prince TA. A 62-minute orbital period black widow binary in a wide hierarchical triple. Nature 2022; 605:41-45. [PMID: 35508781 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04551-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Over a dozen millisecond pulsars are ablating low-mass companions in close binary systems. In the original 'black widow', the eight-hour orbital period eclipsing pulsar PSR J1959+2048 (PSR B1957+20)1, high-energy emission originating from the pulsar2 is irradiating and may eventually destroy3 a low-mass companion. These systems are not only physical laboratories that reveal the interesting results of exposing a close companion star to the relativistic energy output of a pulsar, but are also believed to harbour some of the most massive neutron stars4, allowing for robust tests of the neutron star equation of state. Here we report observations of ZTF J1406+1222, a wide hierarchical triple hosting a 62-minute orbital period black widow candidate, the optical flux of which varies by a factor of more than ten. ZTF J1406+1222 pushes the boundaries of evolutionary models5, falling below the 80-minute minimum orbital period of hydrogen-rich systems. The wide tertiary companion is a rare low-metallicity cool subdwarf star, and the system has a Galactic halo orbit consistent with passing near the Galactic Centre, making it a probe of formation channels, neutron star kick physics6 and binary evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin B Burdge
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Thomas R Marsh
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Jim Fuller
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.,TAPIR, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Eric C Bellm
- DIRAC Institute, Department of Astronomy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ilaria Caiazzo
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.,TAPIR, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Deepto Chakrabarty
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michael W Coughlin
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kishalay De
- Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - V S Dhillon
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Matthew J Graham
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Pablo Rodríguez-Gil
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, La Laguna, Spain.,Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Amruta D Jaodand
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Erin Kara
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Albert K H Kong
- Institute of Astronomy, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - S R Kulkarni
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Kwan-Lok Li
- Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - S P Littlefair
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Walid A Majid
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.,Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Przemek Mróz
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.,Astronomical Observatory, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aaron B Pearlman
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.,Department of Physics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,McGill Space Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - E S Phinney
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.,TAPIR, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Jan van Roestel
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Robert A Simcoe
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Igor Andreoni
- Joint Space-Science Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.,Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.,Astrophysics Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Andrew J Drake
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Richard G Dekany
- Caltech Optical Observatories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Dmitry A Duev
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.,Weights & Biases, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Erik C Kool
- The Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ashish A Mahabal
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.,Center for Data-Driven Discovery, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Michael S Medford
- Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Reed Riddle
- Caltech Optical Observatories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Thomas A Prince
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
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3
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A remnant planetary core in the hot-Neptune desert. Nature 2020; 583:39-42. [PMID: 32612222 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2421-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The interiors of giant planets remain poorly understood. Even for the planets in the Solar System, difficulties in observation lead to large uncertainties in the properties of planetary cores. Exoplanets that have undergone rare evolutionary processes provide a route to understanding planetary interiors. Planets found in and near the typically barren hot-Neptune 'desert'1,2 (a region in mass-radius space that contains few planets) have proved to be particularly valuable in this regard. These planets include HD149026b3, which is thought to have an unusually massive core, and recent discoveries such as LTT9779b4 and NGTS-4b5, on which photoevaporation has removed a substantial part of their outer atmospheres. Here we report observations of the planet TOI-849b, which has a radius smaller than Neptune's but an anomalously large mass of [Formula: see text] Earth masses and a density of [Formula: see text] grams per cubic centimetre, similar to Earth's. Interior-structure models suggest that any gaseous envelope of pure hydrogen and helium consists of no more than [Formula: see text] per cent of the total planetary mass. The planet could have been a gas giant before undergoing extreme mass loss via thermal self-disruption or giant planet collisions, or it could have avoided substantial gas accretion, perhaps through gap opening or late formation6. Although photoevaporation rates cannot account for the mass loss required to reduce a Jupiter-like gas giant, they can remove a small (a few Earth masses) hydrogen and helium envelope on timescales of several billion years, implying that any remaining atmosphere on TOI-849b is likely to be enriched by water or other volatiles from the planetary interior. We conclude that TOI-849b is the remnant core of a giant planet.
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4
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A Hubble PanCET Study of HAT-P-11b: A Cloudy Neptune with a Low Atmospheric Metallicity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.3847/1538-3881/ab4e9a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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5
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Spitzer Phase Curves of KELT-1b and the Signatures of Nightside Clouds in Thermal Phase Observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.3847/1538-3881/ab33fc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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6
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Helling C, Rimmer PB. Lightning and charge processes in brown dwarf and exoplanet atmospheres. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2019; 377:20180398. [PMID: 31378171 PMCID: PMC6710897 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2018.0398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The study of the composition of brown dwarf atmospheres helped to understand their formation and evolution. Similarly, the study of exoplanet atmospheres is expected to constrain their formation and evolutionary states. We use results from three-dimensional simulations, kinetic cloud formation and kinetic ion-neutral chemistry to investigate ionization processes that will affect their atmosphere chemistry: the dayside of super-hot Jupiters is dominated by atomic hydrogen, and not H2O. Such planetary atmospheres exhibit a substantial degree of thermal ionization and clouds only form on the nightside where lightning leaves chemical tracers (e.g. HCN) for possibly long enough to be detectable. External radiation may cause exoplanets to be enshrouded in a shell of highly ionized, H3+-forming gas and a weather-driven aurora may emerge. Brown dwarfs enable us to study the role of electron beams for the emergence of an extrasolar, weather system-driven aurora-like chemistry, and the effect of strong magnetic fields on cold atmospheric gases. Electron beams trigger the formation of H3+ in the upper atmosphere of a brown dwarf (e.g. LSR-J1835), which may react with it to form hydronium, H3O+, as a longer lived chemical tracer. Brown dwarfs and super-hot gas giants may be excellent candidates to search for H3O+ as an H3+ product. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Advances in hydrogen molecular ions: H3+, H5+ and beyond'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Helling
- Centre for Exoplanet Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9SS, UK
- SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Sorbonnelaan 2, 3584 CA Utrecht, The Netherlands
- e-mail:
| | - Paul B. Rimmer
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, UK
- Cavendish Astrophysics, JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Ave, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
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7
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Dressing CD, Hardegree-Ullman K, Schlieder JE, Newton E, Vanderburg A, Feinstein AD, Duvvuri GM, Arnold L, Bristow M, Thackeray B, Abrahams ES, Ciardi D, Crossfield I, Yu L, Martinez AO, Christiansen JL, Crepp JR, Isaacson H. Characterizing K2 Candidate Planetary Systems Orbiting Low-Mass Stars IV: Updated Properties for 86 Cool Dwarfs Observed During Campaigns 1-17. THE ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL 2019; 158:87. [PMID: 35095106 PMCID: PMC8793203 DOI: 10.3847/1538-3881/ab2895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We present revised stellar properties for 172 K2 target stars that were identified as possible hosts of transiting planets during Campaigns 1-17. Using medium-resolution near-infrared spectra acquired with the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility/SpeX and Palomar/TripleSpec, we found that 86 of our targets were bona fide cool dwarfs, 74 were hotter dwarfs, and 12 were giants. Combining our spectroscopic metallicities with Gaia parallaxes and archival photometry, we derived photometric stellar parameters and compared them to our spectroscopic estimates. Although our spectroscopic and photometric radius and temperature estimates are consistent, our photometric mass estimates are systematically ΔM * = 0.11 M⊙ (34%) higher than our spectroscopic mass estimates for the least massive stars (M *,phoi < 0.4 M⊙). Adopting the photometric parameters and comparing our results to parameters reported in the Ecliptic Plane Input Catalog, our revised stellar radii are ΔR * = 0.15R⊙ (40%) larger and our revised stellar effective temperatures are roughly ΔT eff = 65K cooler. Correctly determining the properties of K2 target stars is essential for characterizing any associated planet candidates, estimating the planet search sensitivity, and calculating planet occurrence rates. Even though Gaia parallaxes have increased the power of photometric surveys, spectroscopic characterization remains essential for determining stellar metallicities and investigating correlations between stellar metallicity and planetary properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin Hardegree-Ullman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA
- IPAC-NExScI, Mail Code 100-22, Caltech, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | | | - Elisabeth Newton
- Department of Physics, and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755 USA
| | - Andrew Vanderburg
- Department of Astronomy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Adina D. Feinstein
- Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - Girish M. Duvvuri
- Department of Astrophysical & Planetary Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
| | - Lauren Arnold
- Marine Biology Graduate Program, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, 2525 Correa Rd., Honolulu, HI 96822
| | - Makennah Bristow
- Department of Physics, University of North Carolina at Asheville, Asheville, NC USA
| | - Beverly Thackeray
- Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD USA
| | | | - David Ciardi
- IPAC-NExScI, Mail Code 100-22, Caltech, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Ian Crossfield
- Department of Physics, and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Liang Yu
- Department of Physics, and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Arturo O. Martinez
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, 25 Park Pl NE #605, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Jessie L. Christiansen
- IPAC-NExScI, Mail Code 100-22, Caltech, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Justin R. Crepp
- Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Howard Isaacson
- Astronomy Department, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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8
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An Initial Overview of the Extent and Structure of Recent Star Formation within the Serpens Molecular Cloud Using Gaia Data Release 2. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab1d67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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9
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Rebassa-Mansergas A, Parsons SG, Dhillon VS, Ren J, Littlefair SP, Marsh TR, Torres S. Accurate mass and radius determinations of a cool subdwarf in an eclipsing binary. NATURE ASTRONOMY 2019; 3:553-560. [PMID: 31187071 PMCID: PMC6558239 DOI: 10.1038/s41550-019-0746-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cool subdwarfs are metal-poor low-mass stars that formed during the early stages of the evolution of our Galaxy. Because they are relatively rare in the vicinity of the Sun, we know of few cool subdwarfs in the solar neighbourhood, and none with both the mass and the radius accurately determined. This hampers our understanding of stars at the low-mass end of the main-sequence. Here we report the discovery of SDSS J235524.29+044855.7 as an eclipsing binary containing a cool subdwarf star, with a white dwarf companion. From the light-curve and the radial-velocity curve of the binary we determine the mass and the radius of the cool subdwarf and we derive its effective temperature and luminosity by analysing its spectral energy distribution. Our results validate the theoretical mass-radius-effective temperature-luminosity relations for low-mass low-metallicity stars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Rebassa-Mansergas
- Departament de Física, Universitat Politècnica de
Catalunya, c/Esteve Terrades 5, 08860 Castelldefels, Spain
- Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya, Ed. Nexus-201,
c/Gran Capità 2-4, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Steven G. Parsons
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Sheffield,
Sheffield S3 7RH, UK
| | - Vikram S. Dhillon
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Sheffield,
Sheffield S3 7RH, UK
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, Via Lactea s/n, La
Laguna, E-38205 Tenerife, Spain
| | - Juanjuan Ren
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
100012 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Stuart P. Littlefair
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Sheffield,
Sheffield S3 7RH, UK
| | - Thomas R. Marsh
- Department of Physics, Gibbet Hill Road, University of Warwick,
Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Santiago Torres
- Departament de Física, Universitat Politècnica de
Catalunya, c/Esteve Terrades 5, 08860 Castelldefels, Spain
- Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya, Ed. Nexus-201,
c/Gran Capità 2-4, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
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10
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11
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How to Constrain Your M Dwarf. II. The Mass–Luminosity–Metallicity Relation from 0.075 to 0.70 Solar Masses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aaf3bc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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12
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Sousa-Silva C, Petkowski JJ, Seager S. Molecular simulations for the spectroscopic detection of atmospheric gases. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:18970-18987. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp07057a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The remote identification of molecules in an atmosphere requires data for each gas that makes contributions to its spectra. We present a database of approximate spectra for thousands of volatiles, simulated using organic and quantum chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Sousa-Silva
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
| | - Janusz J. Petkowski
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
| | - Sara Seager
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
- Department of Physics
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13
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Kane SR, Ceja AY, Way MJ, Quintana EV. CLIMATE MODELING OF A POTENTIAL EXOVENUS. THE ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL 2018; 869:46. [PMID: 30636775 PMCID: PMC6326386 DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aaec68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The planetary mass and radius sensitivity of exoplanet discovery capabilities has reached into the terrestrial regime. The focus of such investigations is to search within the Habitable Zone where a modern Earth-like atmosphere may be a viable comparison. However, the detection bias of the transit and radial velocity methods lies close to the host star where the received flux at the planet may push the atmosphere into a runaway greenhouse state. One such exoplanet discovery, Kepler-1649b, receives a similar flux from its star as modern Venus does from the Sun, and so was categorized as a possible exoVenus. Here we discuss the planetary parameters of Kepler-1649b with relation to Venus to establish its potential as a Venus analog. We utilize the general circulation model ROCKE-3D to simulate the evolution of the surface temperature of Kepler-1649b under various assumptions, including relative atmospheric abundances. We show that in all our simulations the atmospheric model rapidly diverges from temperate surface conditions towards a runaway greenhouse with rapidly escalating surface temperatures. We calculate transmission spectra for the evolved atmosphere and discuss these spectra within the context of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Near-Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) capabilities. We thus demonstrate the detectability of the key atmospheric signatures of possible runaway greenhouse transition states and outline the future prospects of characterizing potential Venus analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R Kane
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Alma Y Ceja
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Michael J Way
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY 10025, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SE-75120, Sweden
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An Optical Transmission Spectrum for the Ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-121b Measured with the Hubble Space Telescope. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.3847/1538-3881/aaebff] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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15
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The APOGEE-2 Survey of the Orion Star-forming Complex. II. Six-dimensional Structure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.3847/1538-3881/aad1f1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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16
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Global Climate and Atmospheric Composition of the Ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-103b fromHSTandSpitzerPhase Curve Observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.3847/1538-3881/aac3df] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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17
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18
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19
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2MASS J13243553+6358281 Is an Early T-type Planetary-mass Object in the AB Doradus Moving Group. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aaacfd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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20
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21
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NIR-driven Moist Upper Atmospheres of Synchronously Rotating Temperate Terrestrial Exoplanets. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aa8955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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22
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Tennyson J, Yurchenko SN. Laboratory spectra of hot molecules: Data needs for hot super-Earth exoplanets. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molap.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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23
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The Viewing Geometry of Brown Dwarfs Influences Their Observed Colors and Variability Amplitudes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aa73cf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Complex Spiral Structure in the HD 100546 Transitional Disk as Revealed by GPI and MagAO. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.3847/1538-3881/aa6d85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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26
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An Optical/Near-infrared Investigation of HD 100546 b with the Gemini Planet Imager and MagAO. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.3847/1538-3881/aa6cae] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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27
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Revised Stellar Properties of
Kepler
Targets for the Q1-17 (DR25) Transit Detection Run. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.3847/1538-4365/229/2/30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Wagner K, Apai D, Kasper M, Kratter K, McClure M, Robberto M, Beuzit JL. RETRACTED: Direct imaging discovery of a Jovian exoplanet within a triple-star system. Science 2016; 353:673-8. [PMID: 27386921 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaf9671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Direct imaging allows for the detection and characterization of exoplanets via their thermal emission. We report the discovery via imaging of a young Jovian planet in a triple-star system and characterize its atmospheric properties through near-infrared spectroscopy. The semimajor axis of the planet is closer relative to that of its hierarchical triple-star system than for any known exoplanet within a stellar binary or triple, making HD 131399 dynamically unlike any other known system. The location of HD 131399Ab on a wide orbit in a triple system demonstrates that massive planets may be found on long and possibly unstable orbits in multistar systems. HD 131399Ab is one of the lowest mass (4 ± 1 Jupiter masses) and coldest (850 ± 50 kelvin) exoplanets to have been directly imaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Wagner
- Department of Astronomy and Steward Observatory, The University of Arizona, 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
| | - Dániel Apai
- Department of Astronomy and Steward Observatory, The University of Arizona, 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, The University of Arizona, 1640 East University Boulevard, Tucson, AZ 85718, USA
| | - Markus Kasper
- European Southern Observatory (ESO), Karl-Schwarzschild-Strasse 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Kaitlin Kratter
- Department of Astronomy and Steward Observatory, The University of Arizona, 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Melissa McClure
- European Southern Observatory (ESO), Karl-Schwarzschild-Strasse 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Massimo Robberto
- Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Jean-Luc Beuzit
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), F-38000 Grenoble, France. CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France
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WISEA J114724.10-204021.3: A FREE-FLOATING PLANETARY MASS MEMBER OF THE TW HYA ASSOCIATION. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.3847/2041-8205/822/1/l1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Kellogg K, Metchev S, Geißler K, Hicks S, Kirkpatrick JD, Kurtev R. A TARGETED SEARCH FOR PECULIARLY RED L AND T DWARFS IN SDSS, 2MASS, ANDWISE: DISCOVERY OF A POSSIBLE L7 MEMBER OF THE TW HYDRAE ASSOCIATION. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1088/0004-6256/150/6/182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Waldmann IP, Rocchetto M, Tinetti G, Barton EJ, Yurchenko SN, Tennyson J. ${\mathcal{T}}$-REx. II. RETRIEVAL OF EMISSION SPECTRA. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1088/0004-637x/813/1/13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Titania may produce abiotic oxygen atmospheres on habitable exoplanets. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13977. [PMID: 26354078 PMCID: PMC4564821 DOI: 10.1038/srep13977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The search for habitable exoplanets in the Universe is actively ongoing in the field of astronomy. The biggest future milestone is to determine whether life exists on such habitable exoplanets. In that context, oxygen in the atmosphere has been considered strong evidence for the presence of photosynthetic organisms. In this paper, we show that a previously unconsidered photochemical mechanism by titanium (IV) oxide (titania) can produce abiotic oxygen from liquid water under near ultraviolet (NUV) lights on the surface of exoplanets. Titania works as a photocatalyst to dissociate liquid water in this process. This mechanism offers a different source of a possibility of abiotic oxygen in atmospheres of exoplanets from previously considered photodissociation of water vapor in upper atmospheres by extreme ultraviolet (XUV) light. Our order-of-magnitude estimation shows that possible amounts of oxygen produced by this abiotic mechanism can be comparable with or even more than that in the atmosphere of the current Earth, depending on the amount of active surface area for this mechanism. We conclude that titania may act as a potential source of false signs of life on habitable exoplanets.
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Filippazzo JC, Rice EL, Faherty J, Cruz KL, Van Gordon MM, Looper DL. FUNDAMENTAL PARAMETERS AND SPECTRAL ENERGY DISTRIBUTIONS OF YOUNG AND FIELD AGE OBJECTS WITH MASSES SPANNING THE STELLAR TO PLANETARY REGIME. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1088/0004-637x/810/2/158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Knutson HA, Dragomir D, Kreidberg L, Kempton EMR, McCullough PR, Fortney JJ, Bean JL, Gillon M, Homeier D, Howard AW. HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPENEAR-IR TRANSMISSION SPECTROSCOPY OF THE SUPER-EARTH HD 97658B. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1088/0004-637x/794/2/155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Skemer AJ, Marley MS, Hinz PM, Morzinski KM, Skrutskie MF, Leisenring JM, Close LM, Saumon D, Bailey VP, Briguglio R, Defrere D, Esposito S, Follette KB, Hill JM, Males JR, Puglisi A, Rodigas TJ, Xompero M. DIRECTLY IMAGED L-T TRANSITION EXOPLANETS IN THE MID-INFRARED,. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1088/0004-637x/792/1/17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Naud ME, Artigau É, Doyon R, Malo L, Albert L, Lafrenière D, Gagné J. A wide planetary-mass companion to a young M3 star of the AB Dor moving group. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2013. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20134713004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Allard F, Homeier D, Freytag B, Sharp C. Atmospheres From Very Low-Mass Stars to Extrasolar Planets. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1051/eas/1257001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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40
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Tinetti G, Tennyson J, Griffith CA, Waldmann I. Water in exoplanets. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2012; 370:2749-2764. [PMID: 22547242 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2011.0338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Exoplanets--planets orbiting around stars other than our own Sun--appear to be common. Significant research effort is now focused on the observation and characterization of exoplanet atmospheres. Species such as water vapour, methane, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide have been observed in a handful of hot, giant, gaseous planets, but cooler, smaller planets such as Gliese 1214b are now analysable with current telescopes. Water is the key chemical dictating habitability. The current observations of water in exoplanets from both space and the ground are reviewed. Controversies surrounding the interpretation of these observations are discussed. Detailed consideration of available radiative transfer models and linelists are used to analyse these differences in interpretation. Models suggest that there is a clear need for data on the pressure broadening of water transitions by H(2) at high temperatures. The reported detections of water appear to be robust, although final confirmation will have to await the better quality observational data provided by currently planned dedicated space missions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Tinetti
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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41
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Tennyson J, Shine KP. Water in the gas phase. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2012; 370:2491-2494. [PMID: 22547228 PMCID: PMC3350649 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2012.0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Tennyson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Keith P. Shine
- Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Earley Gate, PO Box 243, Reading RG6 6BB, UK
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