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Sánchez Vergara ME, Sandoval Plata EI, Ballinas Indili R, Salcedo R, Álvarez Toledano C. Structural determination, characterization and computational studies of doped semiconductors base silicon phthalocyanine dihydroxide and dienynoic acids. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25518. [PMID: 38356521 PMCID: PMC10864961 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The chemical doping of silicon phthalocyanine dihydroxide (SiPc(OH)2), with (2E, 4Z)-5, 7-diphenylhepta-2, 4-dien-6-ynoic acids (DAc) with electron-withdrawing (BrDAc) and electron-donating (MeODAc) substituents is the main purpose of this work. Theoretical calculations were carried out on Gaussian16 software, with geometrical optimization of all involved species, and obtention of the highest occupied molecule orbital (HOMO), lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), and the respective energy gaps. The theoretical calculations show two hydrogen bridge formations: the first one as a peripheral interaction between the terminal oxygen atoms from the acid unit and hydrogen atoms from the phthalocyanine aromatic rings. The second one as the interaction at the nitrogen atoms of the phthalocyanine, which are compelled to form a new flat plane far from the original flat phthalocyanine deck. These organic semiconductors were deposited as thin films and characterized by IR spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and the optical parameters were gathered from UV-Vis studies. The indirect and direct optical band gap, the onset gap and the Urbach energy were obtained. In order to compare the effect of the acids as dopants of the silicon phthalocyanine, the SiPc(OH)2-DAc films were electrically characterized. The SiPc(OH)2-DAc films exhibit an ambipolar electrical behavior, which is influenced by the incidence of different lighting conditions at voltages above 0.3V. The glass/ITO/SiPc(OH)2-MeODAc/Ag reaches a maximum current of 5.68 × 10-5 A for natural light condition, while the glass/ITO/SiPc(OH)2-BrDAc/Ag, reaches a maximum current of 9.21 × 10-9 A for white illumination condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Elena Sánchez Vergara
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Anáhuac México, Avenida Universidad Anáhuac 46, Col. Lomas Anáhuac, Huixquilucan, 52786, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Emilio I. Sandoval Plata
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Anáhuac México, Avenida Universidad Anáhuac 46, Col. Lomas Anáhuac, Huixquilucan, 52786, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Ballinas Indili
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n. C.U., Delegación Coyoacán, C.P. 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Roberto Salcedo
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Cecilio Álvarez Toledano
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n. C.U., Delegación Coyoacán, C.P. 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Zambrano-Angulo M, Cárdenas-Jirón G. Toward the search for new photosensitizers for DSSCs: theoretical study of both substituted Zn(II) and Si(IV) phthalocyanines. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:6164-6179. [PMID: 38300136 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04417c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
We report a density functional theory (DFT) study performed for a set of 66 compounds based on zinc(II) and silicon(IV) phthalocyanines (Pcs) with potential applications in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The effect of the metal center (Zn, Si), periplanar and axial substituents, and anchor groups like anhydrous, carboxyl, and catechol on the electronic, optical, photovoltaics, and adsorption properties is investigated. Using the TD-DFT methodology and M06 and CAM-B3LYP functionals, we calculated the absorption spectra on optimized structures and in the solution phase but not on structures relaxed in the solvent. We obtained a strong Q band and a weak Soret band in the UV-Vis region, which are attributed to the transitions of type π-π* as described by the Gouterman orbitals. Q bands calculated show absorption up to 667 nm for ZnPcs and up to 769 nm for SiPcs, suggesting an essential role of the metal atom. The systems have a bathochromic effect in the order of secondary amine > primary amine > hydroxyl > amide > ester. We also found that the anhydrous and carboxyl groups favor absorption at longer wavelengths than the catechol group. The ZnPc systems show a slightly larger electron injection ΔGinj (∼1.1 eV) than SiPcs (∼0.9 eV), with similar values for the three anchor groups. The interaction energies (Eint) between ZnPcs/SiPcs and TiO2 in molecular and periodic configuration and corrected by the counterpoise method indicate that SiPcs predict more negative values than ZnPcs. The anchor group effect is relevant; the carboxyl moiety leads to stronger interactions than the anhydrous moiety. The strategies used could help to identify new photosensitizers for DSSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Zambrano-Angulo
- Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile.
| | - Gloria Cárdenas-Jirón
- Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile.
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Chandel N, Singh BB, Dureja C, Yang YH, Bhatia SK. Indigo production goes green: a review on opportunities and challenges of fermentative production. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:62. [PMID: 38182914 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03871-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Indigo is a widely used dye in various industries, such as textile, cosmetics, and food. However, traditional methods of indigo extraction and processing are associated with environmental and economic challenges. Fermentative production of indigo using microbial strains has emerged as a promising alternative that offers sustainability and cost-effectiveness. This review article provides a critical overview of microbial diversity, metabolic pathways, fermentation strategies, and genetic engineering approaches for fermentative indigo production. The advantages and limitations of different indigo production systems and a critique of the current understanding of indigo biosynthesis are discussed. Finally, the potential application of indigo in other sectors is also discussed. Overall, fermentative production of indigo offers a sustainable and bio-based alternative to synthetic methods and has the potential to contribute to the development of sustainable and circular biomanufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Chandel
- School of Medical and Allied Sciences, GD Goenka University, Gurugram, Haryana, 122103, India
| | - Bharat Bhushan Singh
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chetna Dureja
- Center for Inflammatory and Infectious Diseases, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Institute of Bioscience and Technology, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yung-Hun Yang
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Ubiquitous Information Technology and Applications, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Shashi Kant Bhatia
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
- Institute for Ubiquitous Information Technology and Applications, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Chen X, Wang P, Li J, Yang H, Zhang J, Yang Q, Dong H, Qi H. Improving the data rate for long distance visible light communication using h-BN/CdZnSeS@ZnSeS quantum dot composite. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:21924-21934. [PMID: 37381278 DOI: 10.1364/oe.486649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) are exploited in visible light communication (VLC) due to their unique optical properties. However, it is still a challenge to conquer heating generation and photobleaching under prolonged illumination. In this paper, we proposed to utilize hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) nanoplates to improve the thermal stability and photo stability of QDs and long-distance VLC data rate. After heating to 373 K and cooling to the initial temperature, photoluminescence (PL) emission intensity recovers to 62% of the original intensity and after 33 hours of illumination, PL emission intensity still maintains 80% of the initial intensity, while that of the bare QDs is only 34% and 53%, respectively. The QDs/h-BN composites perform a maximum achievable data rate of 98 Mbit/s by applying on-off keying (OOK) modulation, while the bare QDs are only 78 Mbps. In the process of extending the transmission distance from 0.3 m to 5 m, the QDs/h-BN composites exhibit superior luminosity corresponding to higher transmission data rates than bare QDs. Particularly, when the transmission distance reaches 5 m, the QDs/h-BN composites still show a clear eye diagram at a transmission rate of 50 Mbps while the eye diagram of bare QDs is indistinguishable at 25 Mbps. During 50 hours of continuous illumination, the QDs/h-BN composites keep a relatively stable bit error rate (BER) at 80 Mbps while that of QDs continuously increase, and the -3 dB bandwidth of QDs/h-BN composites keep around10 MHz while the bare QDs decrease from 12.6 MHz to 8.5 MHz. After illumination, the QDs/h-BN composites still indicate a clear eye diagram at a data rate of 50 Mbps while that of pure QDs is indistinguishable. Our results provide a feasible solution for realizing an enhanced transmission performance of QDs in longer-distance VLC.
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He C, Collins S, Murata H. Capillary-based fluorescent antenna for visible light communications. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:17716-17730. [PMID: 37381498 DOI: 10.1364/oe.489648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
The use of fluorescent optical antennas in visible light communications (VLC) systems can enhance their performance by selectively absorbing light from the transmitter and concentrating the resulting fluorescence, whilst preserving a wide field of view. In this paper, we introduce a new and flexible way of creating fluorescent optical antennas. This new antenna structure is a glass capillary which is filled with a mixture of epoxy and a fluorophore before the epoxy is cured. Using this structure, an antenna can be easily and efficiently coupled to a typical photodiode. Consequently, the leakage of photons from the antenna can be significantly reduced when compared to previous antennas created using microscope slides. Moreover, the process of creating the antenna is simple enough for the performance of antennas containing different fluorophores to be compared. In particular, this flexibility has been used to compare VLC systems that incorporate optical antennas containing three different organic fluorescent materials, Coumarin 504 (Cm504), Coumarin 6 (Cm6), and 4-(Dicyanomethylene)-2-methyl-6-(4-dimethylaminostyryl)-4H-pyran (DCM), when a white light-emitting diode (LED) is used as the transmitter. Results show that, since it only absorbs light emitted from the gallium nitride (GaN) LED, a fluorophore that hasn't previously been used in a VLC system, Cm504, can result in a significantly higher modulation bandwidth. In addition, the bit error rate (BER) performance at different orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) data rates of antennas containing different fluorophores is reported. These experiments show for the first time that the best choice of fluorophore depends on the illuminance at the receiver. In particular, when the illuminance is low, the overall performance of the system is dominated by the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Under these conditions, the fluorophore with the highest signal gain is the best choice. In contrast, when the illuminance is high, the achievable data rate is determined by the bandwidth of the system and therefore the fluorophore that results in the highest bandwidth is the best choice.
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Hernández-Ortiz OJ, Castro-Monter D, Rodríguez Lugo V, Moggio I, Arias E, Reyes-Valderrama MI, Veloz-Rodríguez MA, Vázquez-García RA. Synthesis and Study of the Optical Properties of a Conjugated Polymer with Configurational Isomerism for Optoelectronics. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2908. [PMID: 37049202 PMCID: PMC10096395 DOI: 10.3390/ma16072908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
A π-conjugated polymer (PBQT) containing bis-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-benzo [1,2-b'] bithiophene (BDT) units alternated with a quinoline-vinylene trimer was obtained by the Stille reaction. The chemical structure of the polymer was verified by nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), and mass spectroscopy (MALDI-TOF). The intrinsic photophysical properties of the solution were evaluated by absorption and (static and dynamic) fluorescence. The polymer PBQT exhibits photochromism with a change in absorption from blue (449 nm) to burgundy (545 nm) and a change in fluorescence emission from green (513 nm) to orange (605 nm) due to conformational photoisomerization from the trans to the cis isomer, which was supported by theoretical calculations DFT and TD-DFT. This optical response can be used in optical sensors, security elements, or optical switches. Furthermore, the polymer forms spin-coated films with absorption properties that cover the entire visible range, with a maximum near the solar emission maximum. The frontier molecular orbitals, HOMO and LUMO, were calculated by cyclic voltammetry, and values of -5.29 eV and -3.69, respectively, and a bandgap of 1.6 eV were obtained, making this material a semiconductor with a good energetic match. These properties could suggest its use in photovoltaic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Javier Hernández-Ortiz
- Área Académica de Ciencias de la Tierra y Materiales, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5, Ciudad del Conocimiento, Mineral de la Reforma 42184, Hidalgo, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Química Supramolecular y Nanociencias de la Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Acueducto s/n Barrio la Laguna Ticomán, Ciudad de México 07340, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Damaris Castro-Monter
- Área Académica de Ciencias de la Tierra y Materiales, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5, Ciudad del Conocimiento, Mineral de la Reforma 42184, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Ventura Rodríguez Lugo
- Área Académica de Ciencias de la Tierra y Materiales, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5, Ciudad del Conocimiento, Mineral de la Reforma 42184, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Ivana Moggio
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Enrique Reyna H. 140, San José de los Cerritos, Saltillo 25294, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Arias
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Enrique Reyna H. 140, San José de los Cerritos, Saltillo 25294, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - María Isabel Reyes-Valderrama
- Área Académica de Ciencias de la Tierra y Materiales, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5, Ciudad del Conocimiento, Mineral de la Reforma 42184, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - María Aurora Veloz-Rodríguez
- Área Académica de Ciencias de la Tierra y Materiales, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5, Ciudad del Conocimiento, Mineral de la Reforma 42184, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Rosa Angeles Vázquez-García
- Área Académica de Ciencias de la Tierra y Materiales, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5, Ciudad del Conocimiento, Mineral de la Reforma 42184, Hidalgo, Mexico
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7
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Campajola M, Di Meo P, Di Capua F, Branchini P, Aloisio A. Dynamic Photoresponse of a DNTT Organic Phototransistor. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:2386. [PMID: 36904591 PMCID: PMC10007176 DOI: 10.3390/s23052386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The photosensitivity, responsivity, and signal-to-noise ratio of organic phototransistors depend on the timing characteristics of light pulses. However, in the literature, such figures of merit (FoM) are typically extracted in stationary conditions, very often from IV curves taken under constant light exposure. In this work, we studied the most relevant FoM of a DNTT-based organic phototransistor as a function of the timing parameters of light pulses, to assess the device suitability for real-time applications. The dynamic response to light pulse bursts at ~470 nm (close to the DNTT absorption peak) was characterized at different irradiances under various working conditions, such as pulse width and duty cycle. Several bias voltages were explored to allow for a trade-off to be made between operating points. Amplitude distortion in response to light pulse bursts was also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Campajola
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Napoli, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Paolo Di Meo
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Napoli, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Capua
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Napoli, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Department of Physics “E. Pancini”, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Paolo Branchini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di RomaTre, Via della Vasca Navale 84, 00146 Roma, Italy
| | - Alberto Aloisio
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Napoli, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Department of Physics “E. Pancini”, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- CNR-SPIN, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
- Task Force di Bioelettronica, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
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8
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He C, Lim Y, Murata H. Study of using different colors of fluorescent fibers as optical antennas in white LED based-visible light communications. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:4015-4028. [PMID: 36785379 DOI: 10.1364/oe.481017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A fluorescent fiber can be used as an optical antenna in visible light communication (VLC) for simultaneous optical filtering and light concentration and therefore to build a compact receiver. Since its light concentration principle is based on fluorescence, it can exceed the étendue limit and achieve both a high concentration gain and a wide field-of-view (FOV). In addition, because the photoluminescence (PL) lifetime of the fluorophore is typically only several nanoseconds, it can support high-speed data transmissions. When a fluorescent fiber antenna is used in a white light-emitting diode (LED)-based VLC system, the transmission performance highly depends on how the absorption and emission spectra of the fluorophore are associated with both the spectrum of the LED and the responsivity of the silicon photodetector. In this paper, we analyze the performance of several different commercially available fluorescent fibers. We show that, when the data rate is low or the transmission distance is long, since the light emitted from a red fluorescent fiber is associated with high silicon responsivities, it can result in high signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) at the receiver output and therefore lead to low transmission error rates. In contrast, when the data rate is high or the transmission distance is relatively short, the bandwidth dominates the overall performance and consequently the green fluorescent fiber has better performance since it only absorbs the light emitted from the blue LED rather than the light emitted from the yellow phosphor.
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Ju S, Zhu Y, Hu H, Liu Y, Xu Z, Zheng J, Mao C, Yu Y, Yang K, Lin L, Guo T, Li F. Dual-function perovskite light-emitting/sensing devices for optical interactive display. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2022; 11:331. [PMID: 36418315 PMCID: PMC9684532 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-01036-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Interactive display devices integrating multiple functions have become a development trend of display technology. The excellent luminescence properties of perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) make it an ideal luminescent material for the next generation of wide-color gamut displays. Here we design and fabricate dual-function light-sensing/displaying light-emitting devices based on PQDs. The devices can display information as an output port, and simultaneously sense outside light signals as an input port and modulate the display information in a non-contact mode. The dual functions were attributed to the device designs: (1) the hole transport layer in the devices also acts as the light-sensing layer to absorb outside light signals; (2) the introduced hole trapping layer interface can trap holes originating from the light-sensing layer, and thus tune the charge transport properties and the light-emitting intensities. The sensing and display behavior of the device can be further modulated by light signals with different time and space information. This fusion of sensing and display functions has broad prospects in non-contact interactive screens and communication ports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songman Ju
- Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, 350116, China
| | - Yangbin Zhu
- School of Intelligent Manufacturing and Electronic Engineering, Wenzhou University of Technology, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Hailong Hu
- Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
| | - Yang Liu
- The Straits Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Zhongwei Xu
- Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
| | - Jinping Zheng
- Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
| | - Chaomin Mao
- Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
| | - Yongshen Yu
- Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
| | - Kaiyu Yang
- Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
| | - Lihua Lin
- Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
| | - Tailiang Guo
- Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, 350116, China
| | - Fushan Li
- Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China.
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, 350116, China.
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Maimaris M, Pettipher AJ, Azzouzi M, Walke DJ, Zheng X, Gorodetsky A, Dong Y, Tuladhar PS, Crespo H, Nelson J, Tisch JWG, Bakulin AA. Sub-10-fs observation of bound exciton formation in organic optoelectronic devices. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4949. [PMID: 35999214 PMCID: PMC9399228 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32478-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Fundamental mechanisms underlying exciton formation in organic semiconductors are complex and elusive as it occurs on ultrashort sub-100-fs timescales. Some fundamental aspects of this process, such as the evolution of exciton binding energy, have not been resolved in time experimentally. Here, we apply a combination of sub-10-fs Pump-Push-Photocurrent, Pump-Push-Photoluminescence, and Pump-Probe spectroscopies to polyfluorene devices to track the ultrafast formation of excitons. While Pump-Probe is sensitive to the total concentration of excited states, Pump-Push-Photocurrent and Pump-Push-Photoluminescence are sensitive to bound states only, providing access to exciton binding dynamics. We find that excitons created by near-absorption-edge photons are intrinsically bound states, or become such within 10 fs after excitation. Meanwhile, excitons with a modest >0.3 eV excess energy can dissociate spontaneously within 50 fs before acquiring bound character. These conclusions are supported by excited-state molecular dynamics simulations and a global kinetic model which quantitatively reproduce experimental data. Ultrafast action spectroscopies of organic optoelectronic devices reveal that the formation of bound exciton state occurs as fast as 10 fs. Excitons having excess energy can dissociate spontaneously within 50-fs before acquiring bound character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marios Maimaris
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | | | - Mohammed Azzouzi
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Daniel J Walke
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.,Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, Berlin, 14109, Germany
| | - Xijia Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Andrei Gorodetsky
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK.,School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Yifan Dong
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK.,National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Pabitra Shakya Tuladhar
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Helder Crespo
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.,IFIMUP and Departamento de Física e Astronomia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, R. do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jenny Nelson
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - John W G Tisch
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Artem A Bakulin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK.
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11
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Labanti C, Wu J, Shin J, Limbu S, Yun S, Fang F, Park SY, Heo CJ, Lim Y, Choi T, Kim HJ, Hong H, Choi B, Park KB, Durrant JR, Kim JS. Light-intensity-dependent photoresponse time of organic photodetectors and its molecular origin. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3745. [PMID: 35768429 PMCID: PMC9243077 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31367-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic photodetectors (OPDs) exhibit superior spectral responses but slower photoresponse times compared to inorganic counterparts. Herein, we study the light-intensity-dependent OPD photoresponse time with two small-molecule donors (planar MPTA or twisted NP-SA) co-evaporated with C60 acceptors. MPTA:C60 exhibits the fastest response time at high-light intensities (>0.5 mW/cm2), attributed to its planar structure favoring strong intermolecular interactions. However, this blend exhibits the slowest response at low-light intensities, which is correlated with biphasic photocurrent transients indicative of the presence of a low density of deep trap states. Optical, structural, and energetical analyses indicate that MPTA molecular packing is strongly disrupted by C60, resulting in a larger (370 meV) HOMO level shift. This results in greater energetic inhomogeneity including possible MPTA-C60 adduct formation, leading to deep trap states which limit the low-light photoresponse time. This work provides important insights into the small molecule design rules critical for low charge-trapping and high-speed OPD applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Labanti
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Jiaying Wu
- Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
- Advanced Materials Thrust, Function Hub, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Nansha, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jisoo Shin
- Organic Materials Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd., Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16678, Korea
| | - Saurav Limbu
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Sungyoung Yun
- Organic Materials Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd., Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16678, Korea
| | - Feifei Fang
- Organic Materials Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd., Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16678, Korea
| | - Song Yi Park
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Chul-Joon Heo
- Organic Materials Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd., Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16678, Korea
| | - Younhee Lim
- Organic Materials Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd., Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16678, Korea
| | - Taejin Choi
- Organic Materials Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd., Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16678, Korea
| | - Hyeong-Ju Kim
- Organic Materials Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd., Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16678, Korea
| | - Hyerim Hong
- Organic Materials Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd., Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16678, Korea
| | - Byoungki Choi
- Organic Materials Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd., Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16678, Korea
| | - Kyung-Bae Park
- Organic Materials Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd., Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16678, Korea.
| | - James R Durrant
- Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK.
| | - Ji-Seon Kim
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
- Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
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12
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Magdesieva T. Ambipolar diarylnitroxides: Molecular design and electrochemical testing. ELECTROCHEMICAL SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/elsa.202100182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Magdesieva
- Department of Chemistry Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow Russian Federation
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13
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Yuan W, Xu C, Xue L, Pang H, Cao A, Fu Y, Deng Q. Integrated Double-Sided Random Microlens Array Used for Laser Beam Homogenization. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12060673. [PMID: 34207625 PMCID: PMC8229250 DOI: 10.3390/mi12060673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Double microlens arrays (MLAs) in series can be used to divide and superpose laser beam so as to achieve a homogenized spot. However, for laser beam homogenization with high coherence, the periodic lattice distribution in the homogenized spot will be generated due to the periodicity of the traditional MLA, which greatly reduces the uniformity of the homogenized spot. To solve this problem, a monolithic and highly integrated double-sided random microlens array (D-rMLA) is proposed for the purpose of achieving laser beam homogenization. The periodicity of the MLA is disturbed by the closely arranged microlens structures with random apertures. And the random speckle field is achieved to improve the uniformity of the homogenized spot by the superposition of the divided sub-beams. In addition, the double-sided exposure technique is proposed to prepare the rMLA on both sides of the same substrate with high precision alignment to form an integrated D-rMLA structure, which avoids the strict alignment problem in the installation process of traditional discrete MLAs. Then the laser beam homogenization experiments have been carried out by using the prepared D-rMLA structure. The laser beam homogenized spots of different wavelengths have been tested, including the wavelengths of 650 nm (R), 532 nm (G), and 405 nm (B). The experimental results show that the uniformity of the RGB homogenized spots is about 91%, 89%, and 90%. And the energy utilization rate is about 89%, 87%, 86%, respectively. Hence, the prepared structure has high laser beam homogenization ability and energy utilization rate, which is suitable for wide wavelength regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yuan
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China; (W.Y.); (C.X.); (L.X.)
- Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China; (H.P.); (Q.D.)
| | - Cheng Xu
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China; (W.Y.); (C.X.); (L.X.)
- Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China; (H.P.); (Q.D.)
| | - Li Xue
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China; (W.Y.); (C.X.); (L.X.)
- Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China; (H.P.); (Q.D.)
| | - Hui Pang
- Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China; (H.P.); (Q.D.)
| | - Axiu Cao
- Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China; (H.P.); (Q.D.)
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (Y.F.); Tel.: +86-028-8510-1178 (A.C.); +86-1520-834-0157 (Y.F.)
| | - Yongqi Fu
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China; (W.Y.); (C.X.); (L.X.)
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (Y.F.); Tel.: +86-028-8510-1178 (A.C.); +86-1520-834-0157 (Y.F.)
| | - Qiling Deng
- Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China; (H.P.); (Q.D.)
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14
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Grybauskaitė-Kaminskienė G, Dudkaitė V, Bagdžiūnas G. Photophysical and semiconducting properties of isomeric triphenylimidazole derivatives with a benzophenone moiety. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj02149d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
New isomeric compounds with imidazole and benzophenone moieties were synthesized and their thermal, photophysical, electrochemical and carrier mobilities have been analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vygailė Dudkaitė
- Group of Supramolecular Analysis, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Centre, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 7, LT-10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Gintautas Bagdžiūnas
- Group of Supramolecular Analysis, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Centre, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 7, LT-10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Department of Functional Materials and Electronics, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Saulėtekio av. 3, LT-10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
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15
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Abumarshoud H, Chen C, Islim MS, Haas H. Optical wireless communications for cyber-secure ubiquitous wireless networks. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2020; 476:20200162. [PMID: 33223930 DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2020.0162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Wireless connectivity is no longer limited to facilitating communications between individuals, but is also required to support diverse and heterogeneous applications, services and infrastructures. Internet of things (IoT) systems will dominate future technologies, allowing any and all devices to create, share and process data. If artificial intelligence resembles the brain of IoT, then high-speed connectivity forms the nervous system that connects the devices. For IoT to safely operate autonomously, it requires highly secure and reliable wireless links. In this article, we shed light on the potential of optical wireless communications to provide high-speed secure and reliable ubiquitous access as an enabler for fifth generation and beyond wireless networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa Abumarshoud
- School of Engineering, LiFi Research and Development Centre, Institute for Digital Communications, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JL, UK
| | - Cheng Chen
- School of Engineering, LiFi Research and Development Centre, Institute for Digital Communications, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JL, UK
| | - Mohamed Sufyan Islim
- School of Engineering, LiFi Research and Development Centre, Institute for Digital Communications, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JL, UK
| | - Harald Haas
- School of Engineering, LiFi Research and Development Centre, Institute for Digital Communications, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JL, UK
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16
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Haas H, Elmirghani J, White I. Optical wireless communication. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2020; 378:20200051. [PMID: 32114912 PMCID: PMC7062008 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2020.0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Optical wireless communication has attracted significant interest recently in industry and academia. This special issue features a collection of inter-related papers with the intention to cover all necessary multidisciplinary challenges to realize optical wireless networks. We hope that this special issue will serve as a comprehensive reference and that it will be a resource which fosters many more new ideas for this rapidly emerging field. This article is part of the theme issue 'Optical wireless communication'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Haas
- School of Engineering, LiFi Research and Development Centre, Institute for Digital Communications, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JL, UK
- e-mail:
| | - Jaafar Elmirghani
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Institute of Communication and Power Networks, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Ian White
- Vice-Chancellor's Office, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
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17
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Yao CX, Zhao N, Liu JC, Chen LJ, Liu JM, Fang GZ, Wang S. Recent Progress on Luminescent Metal-Organic Framework-Involved Hybrid Materials for Rapid Determination of Contaminants in Environment and Food. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E691. [PMID: 32244951 PMCID: PMC7183274 DOI: 10.3390/polym12030691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The high speed of contaminants growth needs the burgeoning of new analytical techniques to keep up with the continuous demand for monitoring and legislation on food safety and environmental pollution control. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a kind of advanced crystal porous materials with controllable apertures, which are self-assembled by organic ligands and inorganic metal nodes. They have the merits of large specific surface areas, high porosity and the diversity of structures and functions. Latterly, the utilization of metal-organic frameworks has attracted much attention in environmental protection and the food industry. MOFs have exhibited great value as sensing materials for many targets. Among many sensing methods, fluorometric sensing is one of the widely studied methods in the detection of harmful substances in food and environmental samples. Fluorometric detection based on MOFs and its functional materials is currently one of the most key research subjects in the food and environmental fields. It has gradually become a hot research direction to construct the highly sensitive rapid sensors to detect harmful substances in the food matrix based on metal-organic frameworks. In this paper, we introduced the synthesis and detection application characteristics (absorption, fluorescence, etc.) of metal-organic frameworks. We summarized their applications in the MOFs-based fluorometric detection of harmful substances in food and water over the past few years. The harmful substances mainly include heavy metals, organic pollutants and other small molecules, etc. On this basis, the future development and possible application of the MOFs have prospected in this review paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Xuan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (C.-X.Y.); (G.-Z.F.)
| | - Ning Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (N.Z.); (J.-M.L.)
| | - Ji-Chao Liu
- Beijing San Yuan foods co., LTD., No. 8 Yingchang Road, Yinghai, Daxing District, Beijing 100076, China;
| | - Li-Jun Chen
- Beijing San Yuan foods co., LTD., No. 8 Yingchang Road, Yinghai, Daxing District, Beijing 100076, China;
| | - Jing-Min Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (N.Z.); (J.-M.L.)
| | - Guo-Zhen Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (C.-X.Y.); (G.-Z.F.)
| | - Shuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (C.-X.Y.); (G.-Z.F.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (N.Z.); (J.-M.L.)
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