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Phenylene-linked tetrapyrrole arrays containing free base and diverse metal chelate forms – Versatile synthetic architectures for catalysis and artificial photosynthesis. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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2
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Wonanke ADD, Ferguson JL, Fitchett CM, Crittenden DL. Predicting the Outcome of Photocyclisation Reactions: A Joint Experimental and Computational Investigation. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:1293-1303. [PMID: 30719870 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201801761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Photochemical oxidative cyclodehydrogenation reactions are a versatile class of aromatic ring-forming reactions. They are tolerant to functional group substitution and heteroatom inclusion, so can be used to form a diverse range of extended polyaromatic systems by fusing existing ring substituents. However, despite their undoubted synthetic utility, there are no existing models-computational or heuristic-that predict the outcome of photocyclisation reactions across all possible classes of reactants. This can be traced back to the fact that "negative" results are rarely published in the synthetic literature and the lack of a general conceptual framework for understanding how photoexcitation affects reactivity. In this work, we address both of these issues. We present experimental data for a series of aromatically substituted pyrroles and indoles, and show that quantifying induced atomic forces upon photoexcitation provides a powerful predictive model for determining whether a given reactant will photoplanarise and hence proceed to photocyclised product under appropriate reaction conditions. The propensity of a molecule to photoplanarise is related to localised changes in charge distribution around the putative forming ring upon photoexcitation. This is promoted by asymmetry in molecular structures and/or charge distributions, inclusion of heteroatoms and ethylene bridging and well-separated or isolated photocyclisation sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Dinga Wonanke
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Jayne L Ferguson
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Christopher M Fitchett
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Deborah L Crittenden
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
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3
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Pahk I, Kodis G, Fleming GR, Moore TA, Moore AL, Gust D. Artificial Photosynthetic Reaction Center Exhibiting Acid-Responsive Regulation of Photoinduced Charge Separation. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:10553-10562. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b07609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ian Pahk
- School
of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Gerdenis Kodis
- School
of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Graham R. Fleming
- Molecular
Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory and Department of Chemistry and QB3 Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Thomas A. Moore
- School
of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Ana L. Moore
- School
of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Devens Gust
- School
of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
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4
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Springer JW, Taniguchi M, Krayer M, Ruzié C, Diers JR, Niedzwiedzki DM, Bocian DF, Lindsey JS, Holten D. Photophysical properties and electronic structure of retinylidene–chlorin–chalcones and analogues. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2014; 13:634-50. [DOI: 10.1039/c3pp50421b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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5
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Faiella M, Roy A, Sommer D, Ghirlanda G. De novo design of functional proteins: Toward artificial hydrogenases. Biopolymers 2013; 100:558-71. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.22420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Faiella
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Arizona State University; Tempe AZ
| | - Anindya Roy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Arizona State University; Tempe AZ
| | - Dayn Sommer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Arizona State University; Tempe AZ
| | - Giovanna Ghirlanda
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Arizona State University; Tempe AZ
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6
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Yang E, Ruzié C, Krayer M, Diers JR, Niedzwiedzki DM, Kirmaier C, Lindsey JS, Bocian DF, Holten D. Photophysical properties and electronic structure of bacteriochlorin-chalcones with extended near-infrared absorption. Photochem Photobiol 2013; 89:586-604. [PMID: 23360219 DOI: 10.1111/php.12053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic bacteriochlorins enable systematic tailoring of substituents about the bacteriochlorin chromophore and thereby provide insights concerning the native bacteriochlorophylls of bacterial photosynthesis. Nine free-base bacteriochlorins (eight prepared previously and one prepared here) have been examined that bear diverse substituents at the 13- or 3,13-positions. The substituents include chalcone (3-phenylprop-2-en-1-onyl) derivatives with groups attached to the phenyl moiety, a "reverse chalcone" (3-phenyl-3-oxo-1-enyl), and extended chalcones (5-phenylpenta-2,4-dien-1-onyl, retinylidenonyl). The spectral and photophysical properties (τs, Φf, Φ(ic), Φ(isc), τT, k(f), k(ic), k(isc)) of the bacteriochlorins have been characterized. The bacteriochlorins absorb strongly in the 780-800 nm region and have fluorescence quantum yields (Φf) in the range 0.05-0.11 in toluene and dimethylsulfoxide. Light-induced electron promotions between orbitals with predominantly substituent or macrocycle character or both may give rise to some net macrocycle ↔ substituent charge-transfer character in the lowest and higher singlet excited states as indicated by density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT calculations. Such calculations indicated significant participation of molecular orbitals beyond those (HOMO - 1 to LUMO + 1) in the Gouterman four-orbital model. Taken together, the studies provide insight into the fundamental properties of bacteriochlorins and illustrate designs for tuning the spectral and photophysical features of these near-infrared-absorbing tetrapyrrole chromophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunkyung Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
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7
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Orian L, Carlotto S, Di Valentin M, Polimeno A. Charge Transfer in Model Bioinspired Carotene–Porphyrin Dyads. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:3926-33. [DOI: 10.1021/jp212434t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Orian
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Carlotto
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Marilena Di Valentin
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Antonino Polimeno
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
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8
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Springer JW, Parkes-Loach PS, Reddy KR, Krayer M, Jiao J, Lee GM, Niedzwiedzki DM, Harris MA, Kirmaier C, Bocian DF, Lindsey JS, Holten D, Loach PA. Biohybrid Photosynthetic Antenna Complexes for Enhanced Light-Harvesting. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:4589-99. [DOI: 10.1021/ja207390y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pamela S. Parkes-Loach
- Department
of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3500,
United States
| | - Kanumuri Ramesh Reddy
- Department
of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
27695-8204, United States
| | - Michael Krayer
- Department
of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
27695-8204, United States
| | - Jieying Jiao
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0403,
United States
| | - Gregory M. Lee
- Department
of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3500,
United States
| | | | | | | | - David F. Bocian
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0403,
United States
| | - Jonathan S. Lindsey
- Department
of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
27695-8204, United States
| | | | - Paul A. Loach
- Department
of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3500,
United States
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9
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Chatterjee R, Coates CS, Milikisiyants S, Poluektov OG, Lakshmi KV. Structure and Function of Quinones in Biological Solar Energy Transduction: A High-Frequency D-Band EPR Spectroscopy Study of Model Benzoquinones. J Phys Chem B 2011; 116:676-82. [DOI: 10.1021/jp210156a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruchira Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and The Baruch ’60 Center for Biochemical Solar Energy Research, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Christopher S. Coates
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and The Baruch ’60 Center for Biochemical Solar Energy Research, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Sergey Milikisiyants
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and The Baruch ’60 Center for Biochemical Solar Energy Research, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Oleg G. Poluektov
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - K. V. Lakshmi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and The Baruch ’60 Center for Biochemical Solar Energy Research, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
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10
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Alkazzaz AS, Yousif WY, Hassan SQ. Optimization of Virtual Light-Harvesting Antennas Part I: Poly-Nuclear Complexes of Bis-(4′-substituted-2, 2′; 6′, 2′′-terpyridino) Group III and Group IV Elements. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-011-0056-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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11
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Simon AM, Marucci NE, Saavedra SS. Measuring Photochemical Kinetics in Submonolayer Films by Transient ATR Spectroscopy on a Multimode Planar Waveguide. Anal Chem 2011; 83:5762-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ac2011526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne M. Simon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 East University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Nicole E. Marucci
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 East University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - S. Scott Saavedra
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 East University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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12
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Hiyama S, Moritani Y, Gojo R, Takeuchi S, Sutoh K. Biomolecular-motor-based autonomous delivery of lipid vesicles as nano- or microscale reactors on a chip. LAB ON A CHIP 2010; 10:2741-8. [PMID: 20714497 DOI: 10.1039/c004615a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to create an autonomous on-chip system that performs targeted delivery of lipid vesicles (liposomes) as nano- or microscale reactors using machinery from biological systems. Reactor-liposomes would be ideal model cargoes to realize biomolecular-motor-based biochemical analysis chips; however, there are no existing systems that enable targeted delivery of cargo-liposomes in an autonomous manner. By exploiting biomolecular-motor-based motility and DNA hybridization, we demonstrate that single-stranded DNA (ssDNA)-labeled microtubules (MTs), gliding on kinesin-coated surfaces, acted as cargo transporters and that ssDNA-labeled cargo-liposomes were loaded/unloaded onto/from gliding MTs without bursting at loading reservoirs/micropatterned unloading sites specified by DNA base sequences. Our results contribute to the development of an alternative strategy to pressure-driven or electrokinetic flow-based microfluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Hiyama
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan.
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13
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Zhilei W, Zaijun L, Xiulan S, Yinjun F, Junkang L. Synergistic contributions of fullerene, ferrocene, chitosan and ionic liquid towards improved performance for a glucose sensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2010; 25:1434-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2009.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2009] [Revised: 10/24/2009] [Accepted: 10/28/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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14
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Wróbel D, Dudkowiak A, Goc J. Fluorescence Spectroscopy in Optoelectronics, Photomedicine, and Investigation of Biomolecular Systems. REVIEWS IN FLUORESCENCE 2008 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-1260-2_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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15
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Graff A, Fraysse-Ailhas C, Palivan CG, Grzelakowski M, Friedrich T, Vebert C, Gescheidt G, Meier W. Amphiphilic Copolymer Membranes Promote NADH:Ubiquinone Oxidoreductase Activity: Towards an Electron-Transfer Nanodevice. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.200900517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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16
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Ghosh PK, Smirnov AY, Nori F. Modeling light-driven proton pumps in artificial photosynthetic reaction centers. J Chem Phys 2009; 131:035102. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3170939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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17
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Kumar A, Menon SK. Fullerene-ferrocene dyad linked by rigid bilinkage: synthesis, photophysical properties and application as copper ion sensor. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.1497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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18
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Ardo S, Meyer GJ. Photodriven heterogeneous charge transfer with transition-metal compounds anchored to TiO2 semiconductor surfaces. Chem Soc Rev 2008; 38:115-64. [PMID: 19088971 DOI: 10.1039/b804321n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 657] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A critical review of light-driven interfacial charge-transfer reactions of transition-metal compounds anchored to mesoporous, nanocrystalline TiO2 (anatase) thin films is described. The review highlights molecular insights into metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) excited states, mechanisms of interfacial charge separation, inter- and intra-molecular electron transfer, and interfacial charge-recombination processes that have been garnered through various spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques. The relevance of these processes to optimization of solar-energy-conversion efficiencies is discussed (483 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane Ardo
- Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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19
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Harriman A, Mallon L, Ziessel R. Energy Flow in a Purpose-Built Cascade Molecule Bearing Three Distinct Chromophores Attached to the Terminal Acceptor. Chemistry 2008; 14:11461-73. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200801384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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20
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Ahn TK, Avenson TJ, Ballottari M, Cheng YC, Niyogi KK, Bassi R, Fleming GR. Architecture of a charge-transfer state regulating light harvesting in a plant antenna protein. Science 2008; 320:794-7. [PMID: 18467588 DOI: 10.1126/science.1154800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 397] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Energy-dependent quenching of excess absorbed light energy (qE) is a vital mechanism for regulating photosynthetic light harvesting in higher plants. All of the physiological characteristics of qE have been positively correlated with charge transfer between coupled chlorophyll and zeaxanthin molecules in the light-harvesting antenna of photosystem II (PSII). We found evidence for charge-transfer quenching in all three of the individual minor antenna complexes of PSII (CP29, CP26, and CP24), and we conclude that charge-transfer quenching in CP29 involves a delocalized state of an excitonically coupled chlorophyll dimer. We propose that reversible conformational changes in CP29 can "tune" the electronic coupling between the chlorophylls in this dimer, thereby modulating the energy of the chlorophyll-zeaxanthin charge-transfer state and switching on and off the charge-transfer quenching during qE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Kyu Ahn
- Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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21
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Wydrzynski T, Hillier W, Conlan B. Engineering model proteins for Photosystem II function. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2007; 94:225-233. [PMID: 17955341 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-007-9271-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2007] [Accepted: 10/04/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Our knowledge of Photosystem II and the molecular mechanism of oxygen production are rapidly advancing. The time is now ripe to exploit this knowledge and use it as a blueprint for the development of light-driven catalysts, ultimately for the splitting of water into O2 and H2. In this article, we outline the background and our approach to this technological application through the reverse engineering of Photosystem II into model proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Wydrzynski
- Research School of Biological Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia.
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22
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Albinsson B, Eng MP, Pettersson K, Winters MU. Electron and energy transfer in donor-acceptor systems with conjugated molecular bridges. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2007; 9:5847-64. [PMID: 17989792 DOI: 10.1039/b706122f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Electron and energy transfer reactions in covalently connected donor-bridge-acceptor assemblies are strongly dependent, not only on the donor-acceptor distance, but also on the electronic structure of the bridge. In this article we describe some well characterised systems where the bridges are pi-conjugated chromophores, and where, specifically, the interplay between bridge length and energy plays an important role for the donor-acceptor electronic coupling. For any application that relies on the transport of electrons, for example molecule based solar cells or molecular scale electronics, it will be imperative to predict the electron transfer capabilities of different molecular structures. The potential difficulties with making such predictions and the lack of suitable models are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Albinsson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering/Physical Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Göteborg, Sweden.
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23
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Harriman A, Mallon LJ, Ulrich G, Ziessel R. Rapid Intersystem Crossing in Closely-Spaced but Orthogonal Molecular Dyads. Chemphyschem 2007; 8:1207-14. [PMID: 17492823 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200700060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A borondipyrromethene (bodipy) dye is equipped with a 4-pyridine residue attached via the meso position. The strong fluorescence inherent to this class of dye is extinguished on protonation of the pyridine N atom. For the corresponding N-methylpyridinium derivative, fluorescence from the dye fragment is also extensively quenched due to the onset of a light-induced charge-shift reaction. The resultant charge-transfer state (CTS) is weakly fluorescent and decays primarily by way of population of the triplet excited state localized on the bodipy dye. Time-resolved spectral studies provide rate constants for all the steps involved in the forward and reverse charge-shift reactions. An interesting feature is that the lifetime of the CTS, around 1 ns, correlates with the viscosity of the solvent as might be expected if the rate-limiting step involves a substantial change in geometry. There is an unexpectedly small activation energy for the reverse charge-shift reaction, even allowing for the fact that this involves triplet formation. Local fluorescence is restored on cooling to 77 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Harriman
- Molecular Photonics Laboratory, School of Natural Sciences, Bedson Building, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
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24
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Modification of electronic structure in supramolecular fullerene–porphyrin systems studied by fluorescence, photoacoustic and photothermal spectroscopy. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2006.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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25
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Beckers EHA, Chen Z, Meskers SCJ, Jonkheijm P, Schenning APHJ, Li XQ, Osswald P, Würthner F, Janssen RAJ. The Importance of Nanoscopic Ordering on the Kinetics of Photoinduced Charge Transfer in Aggregated π-Conjugated Hydrogen-Bonded Donor−Acceptor Systems. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:16967-78. [PMID: 16927989 DOI: 10.1021/jp0624496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aggregated complexes of diaminotriazine oligo(p-phenylene vinylene) (OPV) units hydrogen bonded to different complementary perylene bisimide (PERY) compounds have been investigated by means of absorption, circular dichroism, photoluminescence, and photoinduced absorption spectroscopy. These studies reveal that in the aggregated state an ultrafast photoinduced charge separation occurs via an intermolecular pathway in the J-type stack of hydrogen-bonded OPV-PERY arrays. The subsequent charge recombination reaction strongly depends on small structural differences within the J-type geometry as revealed by comparison of stacked supramolecular dimers, trimers, and covalently OPV-PERY linked systems. A coupled oscillator model is used to analyze absorption and circular dichroism spectra and to identify intermolecular arrangements that are consistent with the experimental spectra and the charge-transfer kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin H A Beckers
- Laboratory for Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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26
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Pettersson K, Kyrychenko A, Rönnow E, Ljungdahl T, Mårtensson J, Albinsson B. Singlet Energy Transfer in Porphyrin-Based Donor−Bridge−Acceptor Systems: Interaction between Bridge Length and Bridge Energy. J Phys Chem A 2005; 110:310-8. [PMID: 16392870 DOI: 10.1021/jp053819d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Singlet excitation energy transfer is governed by two donor-acceptor interactions, the Coulombic and exchange interactions giving rise to the Förster and Dexter mechanisms, respectively, for singlet energy transfer. In transfer between colliding molecules or between a donor (D) and acceptor (A) connected in donor-bridge-acceptor (D-B-A) system by an inert spacer (B), the distinction between these two mechanisms is quite clear. However, in D-B-A systems connected by a pi-conjugated bridge, the exchange interaction between the donor and acceptor is mediated by the virtual low-lying excited states (unoccupied orbitals) of that bridge and, as a consequence, becomes much more long-range in character. Thus, the clear distinction to the Coulombic mechanism is lost. This so-called superexchange mechanism for singlet energy transfer has been shown to make a significant contribution to the energy transfer rates in several D-B-A systems, and its D-A distance as well as D-B energy gap dependencies have been studied. We here demonstrate that in a series of oligo-p-phenyleneethynylene (OPE) bridged porphyrin-based D-B-A systems with varying D-A distances the Förster and through-bond (superexchange) mechanisms both make considerable contributions to the observed singlet energy transfer rates. The donor is either a zinc porphyrin or a zinc porphyrin with a pyridine ligand, and the acceptor is a free base porphyrin. By comparison to a homologous series where only the D-B energy gaps varies, a separation between the two energy transfer mechanisms was possible and, moreover, an interplay between distance and energy gap dependencies was noted. The distance dependence was shown to be approximately exponential with an attenuation factor beta=0.20 A-1. If the effect of the varying D-B energy gaps in the OPE series was taken into account, a slightly higher beta-value was obtained. Ground-state absorption, steady-state, and time-resolved emission spectroscopy were used. The experimental study is accompanied by time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations of the electronic coupling, and the experimental and theoretical results are in excellent qualitative agreement (same distance dependence).
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Pettersson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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Di Valentin M, Bisol A, Agostini G, Carbonera D. Electronic Coupling Effects on Photoinduced Electron Transfer in Carotene−Porphyrin−Fullerene Triads Detected by Time-Resolved EPR. J Chem Inf Model 2005; 45:1580-8. [PMID: 16309257 DOI: 10.1021/ci050183e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Photoinduced charge separation and recombination in a carotenoid-porphyrin-fullerene triad C-P-C60 (Bahr et al., 2000) have been followed by time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance. The electron-transfer process has been characterized in a glass of 2-methyltetrahydrofuran and in the nematic phase of two uniaxial liquid crystals (E-7 and ZLI-1167). In all the different media, the molecular triad undergoes two-step photoinduced electron transfer, with the generation of a long-lived charge-separated state (C*+-P-C60*-), and charge recombination to the triplet state, localized in the carotene moiety, mimicking different aspects of the photosynthetic electron-transfer process. The magnetic interaction parameters have been evaluated by simulation of the spin-polarized radical pair spectrum. The weak exchange interaction parameter (J = +1.7 +/- 0.1 G) provides a direct measure of the dominant electronic coupling matrix element V between the C*+-P-C60*- radical pair state and the recombination triplet state 3C-P-C60. Comparison of the estimated values of V for this triad and a structurally related triad differing only in the porphyrin bridge (octaalkylporphyrin vs tetraarylporphyrin) explains in terms of an electronic coupling effect the approximately 6-fold variation of the recombination rate induced by the modification of the porphyrin bridge as derived by kinetic experiments (Bahr et al., 2000).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilena Di Valentin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 1, I-35131 Padova, Italy.
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Di Valentin M, Bisol A, Agostini G, Liddell PA, Kodis G, Moore AL, Moore TA, Gust D, Carbonera D. Photoinduced Long-Lived Charge Separation in a Tetrathiafulvalene−Porphyrin−Fullerene Triad Detected by Time-Resolved Electron Paramagnetic Resonance. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:14401-9. [PMID: 16852812 DOI: 10.1021/jp051345c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Photoinduced electron transfer has been observed in a molecular triad, consisting of a porphyrin (P) covalently linked to a tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) and a fullerene derivative (C(60)), in the different phases of the liquid crystal E-7 and in a glass of 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MeTHF) by means of time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. In both solvents, an EPR signal observed immediately after excitation has been assigned to the radical pair TTF(*+)-P-C(60)(*-), based on its magnetic interaction parameters and spin polarization pattern. In the 2-MeTHF glass and the crystalline phase of E-7, the TTF(*+)-P-C(60)(*-) state is formed from the TTF-(1)P-C(60) singlet state via an initial TTF-P(*+)-C(60)(*-) charge-separated state. Long-lived charge separation ( approximately 8 mus) for the singlet-born radical pair is observed in the 2-MeTHF glass at cryogenic temperatures. In the nematic phase of E-7, a high degree of ordering in the liquid crystal is achieved by the molecular triad. In this phase, both singlet- and triplet-initiated electron transfer routes are concurrently active. At room temperature in the presence of the external magnetic field, the triplet-born radical pair (T)(TTF(*+)-P-C(60)(*-)) has a lifetime of approximately 7 mus, while that of the singlet-born radical pair (S)(TTF(*+)-P-C(60)(*-)) is much shorter (<1 mus). The difference in lifetimes is ascribed to spin dynamic effects in the magnetic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilena Di Valentin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 1, I-35131 Padova, Italy
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Möbius K, Savitsky A, Schnegg A, Plato M, Fuchs M. High-field EPR spectroscopy applied to biological systems: characterization of molecular switches for electron and ion transfer. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2005; 7:19-42. [DOI: 10.1039/b412180e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Benniston AC, Harriman A, Rostron JP. The effect of solvent polarity on the photophysical properties of 4-cyano-(4′-methylthio)diphenylacetylene: A prototypic donor–acceptor system. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2005; 7:3041-7. [PMID: 16186908 DOI: 10.1039/b506776f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The photophysical properties of the target compound are extremely sensitive to changes in solvent polarity since the lowest-energy excited states possess considerable charge-transfer character. Excitation results in a greatly increased dipole moment, with the resultant excited singlet state retaining a lifetime of ca. 1 ns in all solvents. Radiative decay involves coupling between the lowest-energy excited singlet state and both the ground state and an upper excited singlet state. The level of coupling to the upper singlet decreases in non-polar solvents, presumably due to symmetry factors. The radiative rate constant decreases smoothly with increasing solvent polarity function as the molecule acquires an ever increasing dipolar character. Non-radiative decay includes both intersystem crossing and internal conversion, but the former process dominates in polar solvents. The excited singlet state lifetime is very weakly dependent upon temperature in the solid state. However, in polar solutions where the Stokes' shift decreases with decreasing temperature, there is clear evidence for an activated process. This is believed to involve coupling to the upper-lying singlet excited state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Benniston
- Molecular Photonics Laboratory, School of Natural Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
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Di Valentin M, Bisol A, Agostini G, Fuhs M, Liddell PA, Moore AL, Moore TA, Gust D, Carbonera D. Photochemistry of Artificial Photosynthetic Reaction Centers in Liquid Crystals Probed by Multifrequency EPR (9.5 and 95 GHz). J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:17074-86. [PMID: 15612747 DOI: 10.1021/ja046067u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Photoinduced charge separation and recombination in a carotenoid-porphyrin-fullerene triad C-P-C(60)(1) have been followed by multifrequency time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance (TREPR) at intermediate magnetic field and microwave frequency (X-band) and high field and frequency (W-band). The electron-transfer process has been characterized in the different phases of two uniaxial liquid crystals (E-7 and ZLI-1167). The triad undergoes photoinduced electron transfer, with the generation of a long-lived charge-separated state, and charge recombination to the triplet state, localized in the carotene moiety, mimicking different aspects of the photosynthetic electron-transfer process. Both the photoinduced spin-correlated radical pair and the spin-polarized recombination triplet are observed starting from the crystalline up to the isotropic phase of the liquid crystals. The W-band TREPR radical pair spectrum has allowed unambiguous assignment of the spin-correlated radical pair spectrum to the charge-separated state C(.+)-P-C(60)(.-). The magnetic interaction parameters have been evaluated by simulation of the spin-polarized radical pair spectrum and the spin-selective recombination rates have been derived from the time dependence of the spectrum. The weak exchange interaction parameter (J = +0.5 +/- 0.2 G) provides a direct measure of the dominant electronic coupling matrix element V between the C(.+)-P-C(60)(.-) radical pair state and the recombination triplet state (3)C-P-C(60). The kinetic parameters have been analyzed in terms of the effect of the liquid crystal medium on the electron-transfer process. Effects of orientation of the molecular triad in the liquid crystal are evidenced by simulations of the carotenoid triplet state EPR spectra at different orientations of the external magnetic field with respect to the director of the mesophase. The order parameter (S = 0.5 +/- 0.05) has been evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilena Di Valentin
- Università di Padova, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, via Marzolo 1, I-35131 Padua, Italy.
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Galili T, Regev A, Levanon H, Schuster DI, Guldi DM. Spin Dynamics of a “Parachute” Shaped Fullerene−Porphyrin Dyad. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0462310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Galili
- Department of Physical Chemistry and the Farkas Center for Light-Induced Processes, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, and Radiation Laboratory, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
| | - Ayelet Regev
- Department of Physical Chemistry and the Farkas Center for Light-Induced Processes, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, and Radiation Laboratory, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
| | - Haim Levanon
- Department of Physical Chemistry and the Farkas Center for Light-Induced Processes, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, and Radiation Laboratory, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
| | - David I. Schuster
- Department of Physical Chemistry and the Farkas Center for Light-Induced Processes, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, and Radiation Laboratory, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department of Physical Chemistry and the Farkas Center for Light-Induced Processes, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, and Radiation Laboratory, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
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Photosystem II: molecular structure and function. Proceedings of a meeting. 13-14 March 2002. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2002; 357:1325-509. [PMID: 12437870 PMCID: PMC1693056 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2002.1153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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