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Mullis MM, Rambo IM, Baker BJ, Reese BK. Diversity, Ecology, and Prevalence of Antimicrobials in Nature. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2518. [PMID: 31803148 PMCID: PMC6869823 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms possess a variety of survival mechanisms, including the production of antimicrobials that function to kill and/or inhibit the growth of competing microorganisms. Studies of antimicrobial production have largely been driven by the medical community in response to the rise in antibiotic-resistant microorganisms and have involved isolated pure cultures under artificial laboratory conditions neglecting the important ecological roles of these compounds. The search for new natural products has extended to biofilms, soil, oceans, coral reefs, and shallow coastal sediments; however, the marine deep subsurface biosphere may be an untapped repository for novel antimicrobial discovery. Uniquely, prokaryotic survival in energy-limited extreme environments force microbial populations to either adapt their metabolism to outcompete or produce novel antimicrobials that inhibit competition. For example, subsurface sediments could yield novel antimicrobial genes, while at the same time answering important ecological questions about the microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M Mullis
- Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX, United States
| | - Ian M Rambo
- Department of Marine Science, University of Texas Marine Science Institute, Port Aransas, TX, United States
| | - Brett J Baker
- Department of Marine Science, University of Texas Marine Science Institute, Port Aransas, TX, United States
| | - Brandi Kiel Reese
- Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX, United States
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2
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Rangseekaew P, Pathom-Aree W. Cave Actinobacteria as Producers of Bioactive Metabolites. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:387. [PMID: 30967844 PMCID: PMC6438885 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, there is an urgent need for new drugs due to the emergence of drug resistant pathogenic microorganisms and new infectious diseases. Members of phylum Actinobacteria are promising source of bioactive compounds notably antibiotics. The search for such new compounds has shifted to extreme or underexplored environments to increase the possibility of discovery. Cave ecosystems have attracted interest of the research community because of their unique characteristics and the microbiome residing inside including actinobacteria. At the time of writing, 47 species in 30 genera of actinobacteria were reported from cave and cave related habitats. Novel and promising bioactive compounds have been isolated and characterized. This mini-review focuses on the diversity of cultivable actinobacteria in cave and cave-related environments, and their bioactive metabolites from 1999 to 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pharada Rangseekaew
- Doctor of Philosophy Program in Applied Microbiology (International Program) in Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Wasu Pathom-Aree
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Bioresources for Agriculture, Industry and Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Bae KS, Kim MS, Lee JH, Kang JW, Kim DI, Lee JH, Seong CN. Korean indigenous bacterial species with valid names belonging to the phylum Actinobacteria. J Microbiol 2016; 54:789-795. [PMID: 27888457 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-016-6446-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
To understand the isolation and classification state of actinobacterial species with valid names for Korean indigenous isolates, isolation source, regional origin, and taxonomic affiliation of the isolates were studied. At the time of this writing, the phylum Actinobacteria consisted of only one class, Actinobacteria, including five subclasses, 10 orders, 56 families, and 330 genera. Moreover, new taxa of this phylum continue to be discovered. Korean actinobacterial species with a valid name has been reported from 1995 as Tsukamurella inchonensis isolated from a clinical specimen. In 1997, Streptomyces seoulensis was validated with the isolate from the natural Korean environment. Until Feb. 2016, 256 actinobacterial species with valid names originated from Korean territory were listed on LPSN. The species were affiliated with three subclasses (Acidimicrobidae, Actinobacteridae, and Rubrobacteridae), four orders (Acidimicrobiales, Actinomycetales, Bifidobacteriales, and Solirubrobacterales), 12 suborders, 36 families, and 93 genera. Most of the species belonged to the subclass Actinobacteridae, and almost of the members of this subclass were affiliated with the order Actinomycetales. A number of novel isolates belonged to the families Nocardioidaceae, Microbacteriaceae, Intrasporangiaceae, and Streptomycetaceae as well as the genera Nocardioides, Streptomyces, and Microbacterium. Twenty-six novel genera and one novel family, Motilibacteraceae, were created first with Korean indigenous isolates. Most of the Korean indigenous actionobacterial species were isolated from natural environments such as soil, seawater, tidal flat sediment, and fresh-water. A considerable number of species were isolated from artificial resources such as fermented foods, wastewater, compost, biofilm, and water-cooling systems or clinical specimens. Korean indigenous actinobacterial species were isolated from whole territory of Korea, and especially a large number of species were from Jeju, Gyeonggi, Jeonnam, Daejeon, and Chungnam. A large number of novel actinobacterial species continue to be discovered since the Korean government is encouraging the search for new bacterial species and researchers are endeavoring to find out novel strains from extreme or untapped environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Sook Bae
- Biological Resource Center, KRIBB, Jeongeup, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Sun Kim
- Department of Biology, College of Life Science and Natural Resources, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hee Lee
- Department of Biology, College of Life Science and Natural Resources, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Won Kang
- Department of Biology, College of Life Science and Natural Resources, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae In Kim
- Department of Biology, College of Life Science and Natural Resources, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hee Lee
- Department of Biology, College of Life Science and Natural Resources, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi Nam Seong
- Department of Biology, College of Life Science and Natural Resources, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Republic of Korea.
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Subramani R, Aalbersberg W. Culturable rare Actinomycetes: diversity, isolation and marine natural product discovery. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:9291-321. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-5229-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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5
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Phylogenetic and chemical diversity of a hybrid-isoprenoid-producing streptomycete lineage. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013; 79:6894-902. [PMID: 23995934 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01814-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptomyces species dedicate a large portion of their genomes to secondary metabolite biosynthesis. A diverse and largely marine-derived lineage within this genus has been designated MAR4 and identified as a prolific source of hybrid isoprenoid (HI) secondary metabolites. These terpenoid-containing compounds are common in nature but rarely observed as bacterial secondary metabolites. To assess the phylogenetic diversity of the MAR4 lineage, complementary culture-based and culture-independent techniques were applied to marine sediment samples collected off the Channel Islands, CA. The results, including those from an analysis of publically available sequence data and strains isolated as part of prior studies, placed 40 new strains in the MAR4 clade, of which 32 originated from marine sources. When combined with sequences cloned from environmental DNA, 28 MAR4 operational taxonomic units (0.01% genetic distance) were identified. Of these, 82% consisted exclusively of either cloned sequences or cultured strains, supporting the complementarity of these two approaches. Chemical analyses of diverse MAR4 strains revealed the production of five different HI structure classes. All 21 MAR4 strains tested produced at least one HI class, with most strains producing from two to four classes. The two major clades within the MAR4 lineage displayed distinct patterns in the structural classes and the number and amount of HIs produced, suggesting a relationship between taxonomy and secondary metabolite production. The production of HI secondary metabolites appears to be a phenotypic trait of the MAR4 lineage, which represents an emerging model with which to study the ecology and evolution of HI biosynthesis.
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Abstract
A renewed interest in the development of new antimicrobial agents is urgently needed to combat the increasing number of antibiotic-resistant strains of pathogenic microorganisms. Actinomycetes continue to be the mainstream supplier of antibiotics used in industry. The likelihood of discovering a new compound with novel chemical structure can be increased with intensive efforts in isolating and screening of rare genera of microorganisms to include in natural-product-screening collections. An unexpected variety of rare actinomycetes is now being isolated worldwide from previously uninvestigated diverse natural habitats, using different selective isolation methods. These isolation efforts include methods to enhance growth (enrichment) of rare actinomycetes, and eliminate unwanted microorganisms (pretreatment). To speed up the strain isolation process, knowledge about the distribution of such unexploited groups of microorganisms must also be augmented. This is a summary of using these microorganisms as new potential biological resources, and a review of almost all of the selective isolation methods, including pretreatment and enrichment techniques that have been developed to date for the isolation of rare actinomycetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Tiwari
- School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Delhi, India
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Lee DW, Lee SD. Allocatelliglobosispora scoriae gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from volcanic ash. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2011; 61:264-270. [DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.020313-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel actinomycete, designated strain Sco-B14T, was isolated from volcanic ash collected near Darangshi Oreum (a parasitic or satellite volcano) in Jeju, Republic of Korea. The organism formed well-developed, branched substrate mycelium, on which short chains of non-motile spores were arranged singly or in clusters. Aerial mycelium was not produced. Globose bodies were observed. The reverse colour of colonies was light brown to brown. Diffusible pigments were produced on ISP medium 3 and oatmeal-nitrate agar. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain Sco-B14T formed a lineage within the family Micromonosporaceae and was distinct from established genera. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of strain Sco-B14T to members of related genera of the family was 95.0–95.7 % to type strains of Catellatospora species, 94.7 % to Hamadaea tsunoensis IMSNU 22005T, 94.7 % to Longispora albida K97-0003T and 94.0 % to Catelliglobosispora koreensis LM 042T. 3-Hydroxydiaminopimelic acid was the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. Whole-cell sugars were glucose, rhamnose, ribose, xylose, arabinose, galactose and mannose. The polar lipids included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol. The menaquinone profile contained MK-10(H4) (49 %), MK-9(H4) (24 %), MK-10(H6) (18 %) and MK-9(H6) (9 %). The predominant fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and C17 : 0. The DNA G+C content was 70.1 mol%. The combination of chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data clearly separated the isolate from the type strains of all genera in the family Micromonosporaceae. On the basis of the phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data presented in this paper, strain Sco-B14T is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Micromonosporaceae, for which the name Allocatelliglobosispora scoriae gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Allocatelliglobosispora scoriae is Sco-B14T (=KCTC 19661T =DSM 45362T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wan Lee
- Department of Science Education, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Dong Lee
- Department of Science Education, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
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Thawai C, Tanasupawat S, Suwanborirux K, Kudo T. Actinaurispora siamensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a new member of the family Micromonosporaceae. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2009; 60:1660-1666. [PMID: 19734290 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.013763-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Two actinomycete strains, CM2-8(T) and CM2-12, were isolated from temperate peat swamp forest soil in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. Their taxonomic positions were determined using a polyphasic approach. Chemotaxonomic characteristics of these strains coincided with those of the family Micromonosporaceae, i.e. cell wall chemotype II, N-glycolyl type of muramic acid, and type II phospholipids. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence data also indicated that these strains fell within the family Micromonosporaceae and formed a distinct taxon in the Micromonosporaceae phylogenetic tree. On the basis of phylogenetic analysis, characteristic patterns of 16S rRNA gene signature nucleotides and chemotaxonomic data, it is proposed that the novel isolates belong to a new genus, Actinaurispora gen. nov. The type species of the genus is proposed as Actinaurispora siamensis sp. nov., with strain CM2-8(T) (=JCM 15677(T)=BCC 34762(T)) as the type strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitti Thawai
- Microbial Resource Management Unit, Scientific Instrument Center, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
| | - Somboon Tanasupawat
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Khanit Suwanborirux
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.,Center for Bioactive Natural Products from Marine Organisms and Endophytic Fungi (BNPME), Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Takuji Kudo
- Japan Collection of Microorganisms, RIKEN BioResource Center, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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Generic Diversity of Rare Actinomycetes from Thai Cave Soils and Their Possible Use as New Bioactive Compounds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3209/saj.saj230201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Ara I, Matsumoto A, Bakir MA, Kudo T, Omura S, Takahashi Y. Pseudosporangium ferrugineum gen. nov., sp. nov., a new member of the family Micromonosporaceae. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2008; 58:1644-52. [PMID: 18599710 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.65680-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An actinomycete strain 3-44-a(19)(T) was isolated from sandy soil collected in Bangladesh. The strain formed irregular pseudosporangia directly from aggregated spore chains above the rudimentary aerial mycelium. The pseudosporangia developed singly. Each pseudosporangium contained many small, non-motile, spherical, smooth-surfaced spores in chains. Strain 3-44-a(19)(T) contained meso- and 3-hydroxydiaminopimelic acid in the cell wall and MK-9(H(6)) as the major menaquinone and arabinose, galactose, glucose, mannose, ribose and xylose were present in the whole-cell hydrolysate. The diagnostic phospholipid was phosphatidylethanolamine and iso-C(15 : 0) (24.6 %), C(18 : 1)omega9c (15.5 %), C(16 : 0) (10.6 %), C(18 : 0) (9.4 %), iso-C(16 : 0) (8.6 %) and anteiso-C(15 : 0) (6.0 %) were detected as the major cellular fatty acids. The acyl type of the peptidoglycan was glycolyl and mycolic acids were not detected. The G+C content of the DNA was 73.6 mol%. The chemotaxonomic data indicated that the strain belonged to the family Micromonosporaceae. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence data also suggested that strain 3-44-a(19)(T) fell within the family Micromonosporaceae. On the basis of phylogenetic analysis and characteristic patterns of 16S rRNA gene signature nucleotides as well as morphological and chemotaxonomic data, this strain should be classified as a member of a new genus and species, Pseudosporangium ferrugineum gen. nov., sp. nov., in the family Micromonosporaceae. The type strain of Pseudosporangium ferrugineum is 3-44-a(19)(T) (=JCM 14710(T) =MTCC9007(T)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismet Ara
- Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
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Ara I, Bakir MA, Kudo T. Transfer of Catellatospora koreensis Lee et al. 2000 as Catelliglobosispora koreensis gen. nov., comb. nov. and Catellatospora tsunoense Asano et al. 1989 as Hamadaea tsunoensis gen. nov., comb. nov., and emended description of the genus Catellatospora Asano and Kawamoto 1986 emend. Lee and Hah 2002. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2008; 58:1950-60. [DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.65548-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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12
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Ara I, Kudo T. Luedemannella gen. nov., a new member of the family Micromonosporaceae and description of Luedemannella helvata sp. nov. and Luedemannella flava sp. nov. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2007; 53:39-51. [PMID: 17429160 DOI: 10.2323/jgam.53.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Three actinomycete strains were isolated from soil samples collected in Bangladesh. The cultures formed spherical sporangia on short sporangiophores directly above the surface of the substrate mycelium. The sporangia developed singly or in clusters and each sporangium contained several nonmotile spherical to oval spores with a smooth surface. The strains 3-9(24)(T), 3-21(27) and 7-40(26)(T) contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell walls, predominant menaquinone MK-9(H(6)) and MK-9(H(4)) and glucose, xylose, galactose, mannose, rhamnose, ribose and arabinose in the whole-cell hydrolysates. Diagnostic phospholipid is phosphatidylethanolamine and branched anteiso-C(17 : 0) (30.0-38.0%), anteiso-C(15 : 0) (12.5-14.0%), iso-C(16 : 0) (10.0-15.0%) and iso-C(15 : 0) (10.0-12.0%) were detected as the major cellular fatty acids. The acyl type of the peptidoglycan was glycolyl and mycolic acids were not detected. The G+C content of the DNA was 71 mol%. The chemotaxonomic data indicate that these strains belong to the family Micromonosporaceae. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence data suggested that the strains 3-9(24)(T), 3-21(27) and 7-40(26)(T) fall within the family Micromonosporaceae. On the basis of phylogenetic analysis and characteristic patterns of signature nucleotides as well as morphological and chemotaxonomic data, Luedemannella gen. nov. is proposed for our 3 isolates. DNA-DNA hybridization experiment and phenotypic characterization indicated that the new genus was constituted of 2 species, as Luedemannella helvata sp. nov. for the strain 3-9(24)(T) (=JCM 13249(T)=MTCC 8091(T)) and Luedemannella flava for the strain 7-40(26)(T) (=JCM 13250(T)=MTCC 8095(T)) in the family Micromonosporaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismet Ara
- Microbe Division/Japan Collection of Microorganisms, RIKEN BioResource Center, Wako, Saitama, Japan.
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Krasilnikovia gen. nov., a new member of the family Micromonosporaceae and description of Krasilnikovia cinnamonea sp. nov. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.3209/saj.saj210101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Tamura T, Hatano K, Suzuki KI. A new genus of the family Micromonosporaceae, Polymorphospora gen. nov., with description of Polymorphospora rubra sp. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2006; 56:1959-1964. [PMID: 16902037 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.64046-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Two actinomycete strains were isolated from soil surrounding mangrove roots. The isolates formed short spore chains with spores showing diverse shapes. The isolates contained glutamic acid, glycine, alanine and meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell wall, 3-O-methylmannose, mannose, galactose and glucose as the whole-cell sugars and MK-10(H6), MK-10(H4), MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H4) as the predominant isoprenoid quinones. The isolates formed a distinct taxon in the phylogenetic tree of the Micromonosporaceae based on analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences and showed chemical and phenotypic properties that were different from members of all of the other genera of this family. Based on these observations, it is proposed that the novel isolates belong to a new genus, Polymorphospora gen. nov. The type species of the genus is proposed as Polymorphospora rubra sp. nov., with strain TT 97-42T (=NBRC 101157T=DSM 44947T) as the type strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Tamura
- NITE Biological Resource Center (NBRC), Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology and Evaluation, 2-5-8 Kazusakamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Kazunori Hatano
- NITE Biological Resource Center (NBRC), Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology and Evaluation, 2-5-8 Kazusakamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Suzuki
- NITE Biological Resource Center (NBRC), Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology and Evaluation, 2-5-8 Kazusakamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
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Thawai C, Tanasupawat S, Itoh T, Kudo T. Actinocatenispora thailandica gen. nov., sp. nov., a new member of the family Micromonosporaceae. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2006; 56:1789-1794. [PMID: 16902009 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.64081-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Two actinomycete strains, TT2-10T and TT2-3, which produced long spore chains (more than 10 spores per chain), were isolated from peat swamp forest soil in Pattaloong Province, Thailand. Their taxonomic positions were determined using a polyphasic approach. The chemotaxonomic characteristics of these strains coincided with those of the family Micromonosporaceae, i.e. cell-wall chemotype II, muramic acid of the N-glycolyl type, whole-cell sugar pattern D and type II phospholipids. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences also indicated that these strains constitute a distinct lineage within the family Micromonosporaceae, sharing 91.3–93.8 % sequence similarity with members of this family. On the basis of their phenotypic and genotypic characteristics and their phylogenetic position, these strains represent a novel genus and species, for which the name Actinocatenispora thailandica gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Actinocatenispora thailandica is strain TT2-10T (=JCM 12343T=PCU 235T=DSM 44816T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitti Thawai
- Department of Applied Biology, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology, Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
| | - Somboon Tanasupawat
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Takashi Itoh
- Japan Collection of Microorganisms, RIKEN BioResource Center, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takuji Kudo
- Japan Collection of Microorganisms, RIKEN BioResource Center, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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Lee SD. Actinocorallia cavernae sp. nov., isolated from a natural cave in Jeju, Korea. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2006; 56:1085-1088. [PMID: 16627659 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.63895-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel actinomycete, strain N3-7T, was isolated from a natural cave in Jeju, Republic of Korea, using a dilution method and was subjected to characterization using polyphasic taxonomy. A 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the organism belonged to the phylogenetic cluster of the genus Actinocorallia and was most closely related to Actinocorallia glomerata and Actinocorallia longicatena (97.6 and 97.5 % similarity, respectively). The main chemotaxonomic properties of strain N3-7T, such as the principal amino acid of the peptidoglycan, the predominant menaquinone and the polar lipid profile, supported classification in the genus Actinocorallia. The organism was readily differentiated from Actinocorallia species with validly published names on the basis of a broad range of phenotypic properties. Thus the isolate represents a novel species of the genus Actinocorallia, for which the name Actinocorallia cavernae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is strain N3-7T (=JCM 13278T=NRRL B-24429T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Dong Lee
- Department of Science Education, Cheju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
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Ara I, Kudo T. Three novel species of the genus Catellatospora, Catellatospora chokoriensis sp. nov., Catellatospora coxensis sp. nov. and Catellatospora bangladeshensis sp. nov., and transfer of Catellatospora citrea subsp. methionotrophica Asano and Kawamoto 1988 to Catellatospora methionotrophica sp. nov., comb. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2006; 56:393-400. [PMID: 16449446 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.63862-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Three Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile, mesophilic strains, designated 2-25(1)T, 2-29(17)T and 2-70(23)T, were isolated from sandy soil from Chokoria, Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh. The organisms produce short chains of non-motile spores that emerge singly or in tufts from vegetative hyphae on the surface of agar media. A comparative phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolates formed a distinct clade within the evolutionary radiation of the family Micromonosporaceae and clustered with members of the genus Catellatospora. The nearest neighbours were Catellatospora citrea subsp. citrea and C. citrea subsp. methionotrophica. Chemotaxonomic data, such as the presence of meso- and 3-hydroxy-diaminopimelic acids, N-glycolyl type muramic acid, arabinose and xylose and glucose in whole-cell hydrolysates, phosphatidylethanolamine as a diagnostic phospholipid, a tetrahydrogenated menaquinone with 9 isoprene units as a major menaquinone and fatty acid profiles predominated by iso-branched hexadecanoic acid and iso-branched pentadecanoic acid, supported the affiliation of the novel isolates to the genus Catellatospora. The results of DNA–DNA hybridization and physiological and biochemical tests allowed the novel isolates to be differentiated genotypically and phenotypically from the three recognized Catellatospora species. The three isolates therefore represent novel species for which the names Catellatospora chokoriensis sp. nov. [type strain 2-25(1)T=JCM 12950T=DSM 44900T], Catellatospora coxensis sp. nov. [type strain 2-29(17)T=JCM 12951T=DSM 44901T] and Catellatospora bangladeshensis sp. nov. [type strain 2-70(23)T=JCM 12949T=DSM 44899T], are proposed. DNA–DNA hybridization tests with C. citrea subsp. citrea and C. citrea subsp. methionotrophica, in combination with chemotaxonomic and physiological data, demonstrated that C. citrea subsp. methionotrophica should be elevated to a separate species for which the name Catellatospora methionotrophica sp. nov., comb. nov. is proposed (type strain JCM 7543T=DSM 44098T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismet Ara
- Japan Collection of Microorganisms, RIKEN BioResource Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takuji Kudo
- Japan Collection of Microorganisms, RIKEN BioResource Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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Maldonado LA, Fenical W, Jensen PR, Kauffman CA, Mincer TJ, Ward AC, Bull AT, Goodfellow M. Salinispora arenicola gen. nov., sp. nov. and Salinispora tropica sp. nov., obligate marine actinomycetes belonging to the family Micromonosporaceae. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2005; 55:1759-1766. [PMID: 16166663 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.63625-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A taxonomic study was carried out to clarify the taxonomy of representatives of a group of marine actinomycetes previously designated MAR 1 and considered to belong to the family Micromonosporaceae. The organisms had phenotypic properties consistent with their assignment to this taxon. The strains formed a distinct taxon in the 16S rRNA Micromonosporaceae gene tree and shared a range of phenotypic properties that distinguished them from members of all of the genera with validly published names classified in this family. The name proposed for this novel taxon is Salinispora gen. nov. The genus contains two species recognized using a range of genotypic and phenotypic criteria, including comparative 16S-23S rRNA gene spacer region and DNA-DNA relatedness data. The names proposed for these taxa are Salinispora arenicola sp. nov., the type species, and Salinispora tropica sp. nov.; the type strains of these novel species have been deposited in service culture collections as strain CNH-643(T) (=ATCC BAA-917(T)=DSM 44819(T)) and strain CNB-440(T) (=ATCC BAA-916(T)=DSM 44818(T)), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Maldonado
- School of Biology, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - William Fenical
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0204, USA
| | - Paul R Jensen
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0204, USA
| | - Christopher A Kauffman
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0204, USA
| | - Tracy J Mincer
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0204, USA
| | - Alan C Ward
- School of Biology, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Alan T Bull
- School of Biology, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Michael Goodfellow
- School of Biology, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
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Matsumoto A, Takahashi Y, Shinose M, Seino A, Iwai Y, Ōmura S. Longispora albida gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel genus of the family Micromonosporaceae. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2003; 53:1553-1559. [PMID: 13130047 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.02595-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel actinomycete strain was isolated from a soil sample collected in Japan by using gellan gum as a solidifying agent. Spore-chains from the short sporophores were straight and each had more than 20 spores per chain. Spores possessed no motility. Cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, glycine, alanine and glutamic acid; whole-cell hydrolysates contained arabinose, galactose and xylose. The acyl type of the peptidoglycan was glycolyl. The predominant menaquinones were MK-10(H(4)) and MK-10(H(6)); MK-10(H(8)) was a minor component. Mycolic acids were not detected. The diagostic phospholipid was phosphatidylethanolamine. Cellular fatty acids included heptadecenoic (C(17 : 1)), 14-methylpentadecanoic (i-C(16 : 0)) and octadecenoic (C(18 : 1)) acids. The G+C content of the DNA was 70 mol%. On the basis of morphogical and chemotaxonomic properties and phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA sequence data, it is proposed that this strain should be classified in a novel genus and species, Longispora albida gen. nov., sp. nov., in the family MICROMONOSPORACEAE: The type strain is K97-0003(T) (=NRRL B-24201(T)=JCM 11711(T)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Matsumoto
- Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Yōko Takahashi
- Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Mayumi Shinose
- Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Akio Seino
- Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Yuzuru Iwai
- The Kitasato Institute, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ōmura
- The Kitasato Institute, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
- Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
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