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González-Fernández VD, Tórtora Pérez JL, García Flores MM, Aguilar Setién JÁ, Ramírez Álvarez H. First evidence of bovine immunodeficiency virus infection in Mexican cattle. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 67:1768-1775. [PMID: 32129921 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This study set out to identify the presence of bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) in animals geographically located in Mexico. BIV was first discovered in the United States in a dairy cow with persistent lymphocytosis, lymphoid hyperplasia and lymphocytic encephalitis. Many studies indicate that BIV infection is globally distributed, but its presence in Mexico remains unknown. We collected 1,168 heparinized blood samples from cattle in ten states across the Mexican Republic, then separated plasma using centrifugation and tested for antibodies against BIV. We used an indirect ELISA based on the use of a synthetic peptide derived from transmembrane glycoprotein (gp45/TM). In order to identify the viral genome, we designed a synthetic gene as a PCR control, as well as a pair of oligonucleotides for amplifying a 519 bp product of the env gene which encodes the surface protein. Positive amplicons were purified and subjected to nucleotide sequencing. A total of 189 (28.94%) tested plasma samples suggest the presence of specific anti-BIV antibodies in all states studied except for Chiapas. Additionally, PCR results identified six positive cows in the states of Puebla and Coahuila. BIV in these cows was confirmed via nucleotide sequencing and in silico analysis of these samples. This is the first report of the presence of BIV in Mexican cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor David González-Fernández
- Virology, Genetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Higher Education, Cuautitlan, Veterinary Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Cuautitlán Izcalli, Mexico
| | - Jorge Luis Tórtora Pérez
- Virology, Genetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Higher Education, Cuautitlan, Veterinary Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Cuautitlán Izcalli, Mexico
| | - María Martha García Flores
- Laboratory of Immunovirology, Medical Research in Immunology Unit, Pediatric Hospital, National Medical Center XXI Century, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Álvaro Aguilar Setién
- Laboratory of Immunovirology, Medical Research in Immunology Unit, Pediatric Hospital, National Medical Center XXI Century, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Hugo Ramírez Álvarez
- Virology, Genetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Higher Education, Cuautitlan, Veterinary Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Cuautitlán Izcalli, Mexico
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2
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Serological survey for bovine immunodeficiency virus in dairy cattle from Poland. Pol J Vet Sci 2011; 14:579-83. [DOI: 10.2478/v10181-011-0086-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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McNab T, Desport M, Tenaya WM, Hartaningsih N, Wilcox GE. Bovine immunodeficiency virus produces a transient viraemic phase soon after infection in Bos javanicus. Vet Microbiol 2009; 141:216-23. [PMID: 19766411 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2009] [Revised: 08/06/2009] [Accepted: 09/04/2009] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Infection of Bali cattle (Bos javanicus) in Indonesia with a non-pathogenic bovine lentivirus similar to Bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) is suspected but efforts to detect the virus have been unsuccessful. To define the kinetics of BIV infection in Bali cattle, 13 were infected with the R-29 strain of BIV and monitored for 60 days. No clinical effects were detected. Proviral DNA was detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 4 to 60 days with peak titres 20 days post-infection (dpi). There was a transient viraemia from 4 to 14 dpi with a maximum titre of 1x10(4)genome copies/ml plasma. An antibody response to the transmembrane (TM) glycoprotein commenced 12 dpi but an antibody response to the capsid (CA) protein was detected in one animal only and not until 34 dpi. The results indicated that detection of BIV in infected Bali cattle would have a greater chance of success soon after infection and prior to the onset of a CA antibody response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tegan McNab
- School of Veterinary and Biomedical Science, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
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Lewis J, McNab T, Tenaya M, Hartaningsih N, Wilcox G, Desport M. Comparison of immunoassay and real-time PCR methods for the detection of Jembrana disease virus infection in Bali cattle. J Virol Methods 2009; 159:81-6. [PMID: 19442849 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2009.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2008] [Revised: 03/02/2009] [Accepted: 03/09/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive diagnostic assay for the detection of infections with the bovine lentivirus Jembrana disease virus (JDV) is required in Indonesia to control the spread of Jembrana disease. Immunoassays are used routinely but are compromised by cross-reactive epitopes in the capsid (CA) protein of JDV and the genetically related bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV). JDV gag-specific primers were tested in a real-time PCR assay to detect proviral DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 165 cattle from the Tabanan district of Bali. JDV-specific amplicons were detected in 9% of the cattle and only 33% of the real-time PCR positive cattle were seropositive. The delayed seroconversion that occurs after infection with JDV could explain the low concordance between these assays but other factors may be responsible. BIV proviral DNA was not detected in any of the PBMC DNA samples. A high concordance value of 98.6% was found between the JDV plasma-derived antigen Western blot and the JDV p26-his recombinant protein ELISA. Only 21% of the seropositive cattle had detectable levels of proviral DNA suggesting that the proviral load in recovered cattle is low. A combination of real-time PCR and JDV p26-his ELISA is recommended for the detection of infection with JDV in Indonesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Lewis
- School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Murdoch University, South St., Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
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Vaccination reduces the viral load and the risk of transmission of Jembrana disease virus in Bali cattle. Virology 2009; 386:317-24. [PMID: 19261319 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2009.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2008] [Revised: 02/02/2009] [Accepted: 02/03/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of a tissue-derived vaccine, which is currently used in Indonesia to control the spread of Jembrana disease in Bali cattle, was determined by quantifying the viral load in plasma following experimental infection with Jembrana disease virus. Virus transmission is most likely to occur during the acute phase of infection when viral titers are greater than 10(6) genomes/ml. Vaccinated cattle were found to have a 96% reduction in viral load above this threshold compared to control cattle. This would reduce the chance of virus transmission as the number of days above the threshold in the vaccinated cattle was reduced by 33%. Viral loads at the onset and resolution of fever were significantly lower in the vaccinated cattle and immune function was maintained with the development of antibody responses to Env proteins within 10-24 days post challenge. There was, however, no significant reduction in the duration of the febrile period in vaccinated animals. The duration and severity of clinical parameters were found to be variable within each group of cattle but the quantification of viral load revealed the benefits of vaccinating to reduce the risk of virus transmission as well as to ameliorate disease.
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Desport M, Ditcham WGF, Lewis JR, McNab TJ, Stewart ME, Hartaningsih N, Wilcox GE. Analysis of Jembrana disease virus replication dynamics in vivo reveals strain variation and atypical responses to infection. Virology 2009; 386:310-6. [PMID: 19230948 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2009.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2008] [Revised: 01/08/2009] [Accepted: 01/13/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Jembrana disease virus (JDV) is an acute lentiviral infection of Bali cattle in Indonesia. Data generated during a series of cattle infection experiments was examined and significant differences were identified in the mean plasma viral load on the first and second days of the febrile response in cattle infected with JDV(TAB/87) compared to those infected with JDV(PUL/01). The peak and total viral loads >or=10(6) genome copies/ml during the acute stage of the disease were significantly higher in JDV(TAB/87) infected cattle. JDV(PUL/01) infected cattle developed peak rectal temperatures earlier than the JDV(TAB/87) cattle but there were no differences in the duration of the febrile responses observed for the 2 groups of animals. The plasma viremia was above 10(6) genome copies/ml for almost 3 days longer in JDV(TAB/87) compared to JDV(PUL/01) infected cattle. Atypical responses to infection occurred in approximately 15% of experimentally infected animals, characterized by reduced viral loads, lower or absent febrile responses and absence of p26-specific antibody responses. Most of these cattle developed normal Tm-specific antibody responses between 4-12 weeks post-infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moira Desport
- School of Veterinary and Biomedical Science, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia.
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González E, Licursi M, Vila Roza V, Bonzo E, Mortola E, Frossard J, Venables C. Evidence of bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) infection: Serological survey in Argentina. Res Vet Sci 2008; 85:353-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2007.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2007] [Revised: 08/15/2007] [Accepted: 10/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Desport M, Stewart ME, Mikosza AS, Sheridan CA, Peterson SE, Chavand O, Hartaningsih N, Wilcox GE. Sequence analysis of Jembrana disease virus strains reveals a genetically stable lentivirus. Virus Res 2007; 126:233-44. [PMID: 17433486 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2007.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2006] [Revised: 03/08/2007] [Accepted: 03/08/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Jembrana disease virus (JDV) is a lentivirus associated with an acute disease syndrome with a 20% case fatality rate in Bos javanicus (Bali cattle) in Indonesia, occurring after a short incubation period and with no recurrence of the disease after recovery. Partial regions of gag and pol and the entire env were examined for sequence variation in DNA samples from cases of Jembrana disease obtained from Bali, Sumatra and South Kalimantan in Indonesian Borneo. A high level of nucleotide conservation (97-100%) was observed in gag sequences from samples taken in Bali and Sumatra, indicating that the source of JDV in Sumatra was most likely to have originated from Bali. The pol sequences and, unexpectedly, the env sequences from Bali samples were also well conserved with low nucleotide (96-99%) and amino acid substitutions (95-99%). However, the sample from South Kalimantan (JDV(KAL/01)) contained more divergent sequences, particularly in env (88% identity). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the JDV(KAL/01)env sequences clustered with the sequence from the Pulukan sample (Bali) from 2001. JDV appears to be remarkably stable genetically and has undergone minor genetic changes over a period of nearly 20 years in Bali despite becoming endemic in the cattle population of the island.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Cattle
- Cattle Diseases/virology
- DNA Primers/genetics
- DNA, Viral/genetics
- Evolution, Molecular
- Genes, env
- Genes, gag
- Genes, pol
- Genomic Instability
- Indonesia
- Lentivirus Infections/veterinary
- Lentivirus Infections/virology
- Lentiviruses, Bovine/classification
- Lentiviruses, Bovine/genetics
- Lentiviruses, Bovine/isolation & purification
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Phylogeny
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
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Affiliation(s)
- Moira Desport
- Division of Veterinary and Biomedical Science, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia.
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Lu M, Zheng L, Mitchell K, Kapil S, Wood C, Minocha H. Unique epitope of bovine immunodeficiency virus gag protein spans the cleavage site between p16(MA) and p2L. CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY 2002; 9:1277-81. [PMID: 12414761 PMCID: PMC130104 DOI: 10.1128/cdli.9.6.1277-1281.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) and Jembrana disease virus (JDV) are closely related bovine lentiviruses that are difficult to distinguish by presently available diagnostic methods. Recently, in our laboratory, a monoclonal antibody (MAb; MAb 10H1) against the BIV Gag protein identified a differential epitope, located at the 6.4-kDa N terminus of a 29-kDa Gag capsid protein, which was absent in JDV. To define the essential amino acids of the epitope, a series of primers within the 163 bp of DNA corresponding to the 6.4-kDa protein were designed. The full-length 163-bp DNA fragment and the smaller DNA fragments with deletions were amplified by PCR and then cloned into pQE32 vectors for protein expression studies. The expressed proteins were analyzed with MAb 10H1 by Western blotting. The differential epitope has been narrowed to a 26-amino-acid region (R121 to R146), which includes 6 residues of p16(MA) (where MA represents the matrix protein) and 20 residues of p2L. A synthetic peptide corresponding to the putative 26-amino-acid epitope blocked MAb 10H1 binding to the expressed peptide. These experiments revealed that the epitope spans the cleavage site between p16(MA) and p2L and presumably will be valuable in distinguishing the two viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Lu
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine-Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
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Scobie L, Venables C, Sayers AR, Weightman S, Jarrett O. Prevalence of bovine immunodeficiency virus infection in cattle in Great Britain. Vet Rec 2001; 149:459-60. [PMID: 11688750 DOI: 10.1136/vr.149.15.459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L Scobie
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Glasgow
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Barboni P, Thompson I, Brownlie J, Hartaningsih N, Collins ME. Evidence for the presence of two bovine lentiviruses in the cattle population of Bali. Vet Microbiol 2001; 80:313-27. [PMID: 11348768 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1135(01)00314-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies directed against two bovine lentiviruses, Jembrana disease virus (JDV) and bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV), were detected in Balinese cattle sera using two new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) based on the combination of capsid (CA) protein and transmembrane (TM) peptides derived from JDV or BIV sequences. Twenty eight of the 77 sera tested on the JDV ELISA showed anti-JDV antibodies with an unequal distribution of seropositive animals throughout the different districts of Bali. Furthermore, when 17 of the JDV positive sera were tested on Western blot, using the same JDV CA antigen, only 13 were judged positive confirming that the ELISA was a more sensitive technique for the detection of seropositive animals. Finally, 9 of the 49 JDV seronegative animals showed anti-BIV antibodies when tested on BIV-specific ELISA. These two ELISAs appeared to be highly sensitive for the detection of anti-JDV and anti-BIV antibodies. Moreover, for the first time, animals showing antibodies against BIV were identified on the main island of Bali and on the JDV-free Nusa Penida island.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Barboni
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, Hertfordshire, UK.
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Evermann JF, Howard TH, Dubovi EJ, Knowles DP, Miller LD, Pearson JE, Snider TG, Suarez DL. Controversies and clarifications regarding bovine lentivirus infections. Subcommittee for the Bovine Retrovirus Committee, US Animal Health Association. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2000; 217:1318-24. [PMID: 11061383 DOI: 10.2460/javma.2000.217.1318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J F Evermann
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman 99164-6610, USA
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Abed Y, Archambault D. A viral transmembrane recombinant protein-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of bovine immunodeficiency virus infection. J Virol Methods 2000; 85:109-16. [PMID: 10716344 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-0934(99)00161-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The expression of bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) truncated transmembrane envelope protein (designated hereafter tTM) in insect cells has been described previously (Abed, Y., St-Laurent, G., Zhang, H., Jacobs, R.M., Archambault, D., 1999. Development of a Western blot assay for detection of bovine immunodeficiency-like virus using capsid and transmembrane proteins expressed from recombinant baculovirus. Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. 6, 168-172). In this study, a tTM-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the serodetection of BIV infection. A total of 109 bovine sera including 86 BIV-negative and 23 BIV-positive serum samples were tested. The ELISA results were compared with those of three Western blot assays using, as test antigens, cell culture-derived whole virus proteins (WB1), and the tTM (WB2) and p26 (WB3) fusion proteins expressed from recombinant baculovirus in insect cells, respectively. The concordances of the ELISA results with those of the WB1, WB2, and WB3 were 97.2, 100 and 97.2%, respectively. The tTM protein-based ELISA and Western blot permitted the detection of BIV infection in cattle whose sera failed to react with the p26 fusion protein and the whole virus protein preparation. The tTM recombinant protein was also used to study the kinetics of appearance of antibodies against BIV transmembrane envelope protein in rabbits infected experimentally with BIV. Antibodies to tTM were detected at 28 days post-infection and persisted through the entire 36-39.5 months experimental time period. The results of this study showed that the tTM-ELISA might be useful for the serodetection of BIV-infected animals, and for basic studies on BIV replication life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Abed
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Canada
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