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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Sen Hu
- T. H. Morgan School of Biological Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506
| | - Jim Clark
- T. H. Morgan School of Biological Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506
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Silliker ME, Gong T, Collins OR. Spore-to-Spore Cultivation of Didymium Iridis on Heat-Killed Bacteria. Mycologia 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00275514.1988.12025516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Gong
- Department of Botany, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - O'Neil Ray Collins
- Department of Botany, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
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Cote S, Neelin JM, Pallotta D. High mobility group like chromosomal proteins from amebas of the acellular slime mold Physarum polycephalum. Biochemistry 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/bi00328a035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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4
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Murakami-Murofushi K, Nishikawa K, Hirakawa E, Murofushi H. Heat stress induces a glycosylation of membrane sterol in myxoamoebae of a true slime mold, Physarum polycephalum. J Biol Chem 1997; 272:486-9. [PMID: 8995287 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.272.1.486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
To know the very early events occurring after heat shock, the changes of membrane lipids were examined. Heat stress induced the production of a certain glycolipid in the myxoamoebae of Physarum polycephalum in a few minutes. The purified glycolipid was determined to be a poriferasterol monoglucoside by structural studies that was previously reported to be expressed during the differentiation of Physarum cells from haploid myxoamoebae to diploid plasmodia (Murakami-Murofushi, K., Nakamura, K., Ohta, J., Suzuki, M., Suzuki, A., Murofushi, H., and Yokota, T. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 16719-16723). The activity of UDP-glucose:poriferasterol glucosyltransferase (Murakami-Murofushi, K., and Ohta, J. (1989) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 992, 412-415) was also expressed rapidly after heat shock. Thus, the activation of sterol glucosyltransferase and the production of sterol-glucoside were considered to be important events that were involved in the signal transduction system to induce some succeeding heat-shock responses, such as the synthesis of heat-shock proteins.
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Walden PD, Monteiro MJ, Gull K, Cox RA. Structure and expression of an alpha-tubulin gene of Physarum polycephalum. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1989; 181:583-92. [PMID: 2659344 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1989.tb14764.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Fragments of Physarum polycephalum DNA generated by partial digestion with Sau3A were cloned into phage-lambda EMBL4. A recombinant (phage-lambda E alpha Tu) containing an alpha-tubulin (E alpha-tubulin) gene was isolated. The E alpha-tubulin gene is part of the alt B locus. The gene was sequenced and was found to contain seven intervening sequences. The alpha-tubulin isotype (E alpha-tubulin) encoded by the gene has a methionine residue at the C-terminus. The E alpha-tubulin gene has much in common with the N alpha-tubulin gene cloned into phage-lambda NM1149 [M. J. Monteiro & R. A. Cox (1987) J. Mol. Biol. 193, 427-438]. However, the gene products E alpha-tubulin and N alpha-tubulin differ in amino acid sequence near to the C-terminus. E-peptide (corresponding to amino acids 440-448 of E alpha-tubulin) and N-peptide (corresponding to amino acids 437-445 of N alpha-tubulin) were synthesised and used to raise antibodies (E-antibodies and N-antibodies). The antibodies were used to show that on two-dimensional gel electrophoresis N alpha-tubulin travels to the alpha 1 position and E alpha-tubulin moves to the alpha 2 position. Gene-specific DNA probes were used to show that transcripts of the E alpha-tubulin gene were present in the plasmodial but not in the amoebal phase of the life cycle. The E- and N-antibodies detected E alpha- and N alpha-tubulins in plasmodia but not in amoebae, confirming that the expression of the E alpha- and N alpha-tubulin genes is regulated during development. E alpha- and N alpha-tubulin were shown to be components of spindle microtubules by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- P D Walden
- Laboratory of Developmental Biochemistry, National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London, UK
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Watts DI, Monteiro MJ, Cox RA. Identification of EcoRV fragments spanning the N alpha-tubulin gene of Physarum. FEBS Lett 1988; 241:229-33. [PMID: 3264251 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(88)81067-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The N alpha-tubulin gene of Physarum polycephalum has an EcoRV site at codons 252/253. EcoRV digestion of physarum DNA generated two EcoRV fragments per gene copy comprising both coding and flanking sequences. Hybridisation probes which included coding sequences upstream from the central EcoRV site cross-hybridised with another alpha-tubulin gene. Probes derived from either 5'- or 3'-flanking regions were gene-specific. These probes identified two EcoRV fragments in the haploid strain CLdAXE viz 5.4 kb (5'-fragment) and 6.2 kb (3'-fragment). The same two fragments were identified in EcoRV digests of DNA of the diploid strain M3CVIII, and a second form of the gene was also identified comprising two fragments viz 5.0 kb (5'-end) and 5.5 kb (3'-end). Both forms gave rise to an identical 4.65 kb HindIII fragment as judged by restriction mapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- D I Watts
- Laboratory of Developmental Biochemistry, National Institute for Medical Research, London, England
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Abstract
Physarum polycephalum (strain M3CVIII) contains four unlinked actin gene loci, each with two alleles (ardA1, ardA2, ardB1, ardB2, ardC1, ardC2, ardD1 and ardD2). The 4800 base HindIII fragment of the ardC2 allele was previously isolated as a recombinant phage lambda. We now report the structure of the actin gene sequences (C-actin gene). The gene, which contains four intervening sequences, codes for the principal actin isotype of plasmodia and it is expressed in both the haploid myxamoebal and diploid plasmodial phases of the life cycle. The C-actin isotype is closely related to actins of Dictyostelium, Acanthamoebae, Drosophila, sea urchin and mammalian cytoplasmic actin, and more distantly related to actins of yeast, Entamoebae and Tetrahymena. The ardC1 and ardC2 alleles differ by a 700(+/- 100) base-pair insertion/deletion in the vicinity of the 3' end of the transcribed region of the gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Gonzalez-y-Merchand
- Laboratory of Developmental Biochemistry, National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London, U.K
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Different developmental programs for amoebal and plasmodial encystment in Physarum polycephalum. Curr Genet 1988. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00365650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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McCurrach K, Glover LA, Hardman N. Transient expression of a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene following transfection of Physarum polycephalum myxamoebae. Curr Genet 1988; 13:71-4. [PMID: 3162844 DOI: 10.1007/bf00365759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A plasmid was constructed containing a replication origin sequence from the Physarum ribosomal DNA molecule, and a bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene linked to a putative promoter of the long terminal repeat (LTR) of the Physarum "HpaII-repeat" element. The plasmid was transfected into Physarum myxamoebae either by electroporation or CaCl2 treatment. In both cases significant transient levels of CAT gene expression were detected. Results were compared with those obtained with plasmids in which CAT gene expression was driven by eukaryotic virus promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
- K McCurrach
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Aberdeen, Marischal College, Scotland
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Murakami-Murofushi K, Nakamura K, Ohta J, Suzuki M, Suzuki A, Murofushi H, Yokota T. Expression of poriferasterol monoglucoside associated with differentiation of Physarum polycephalum. J Biol Chem 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)49314-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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11
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Monteiro MJ, Cox RA. Differential expression of an alpha-tubulin gene during the development of Physarum polycephalum. FEBS Lett 1987; 217:260-4. [PMID: 2885221 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(87)80674-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The expression of an alpha-tubulin gene (altB1 (N alpha Tu) [(1987) J. Mol. Biol. 193, 427-438]) of Physarum polycephalum (strain CLdAXE) was found to be governed by a developmental switch since mRNA transcripts were detected, by S1 nuclease analysis, in the plasmodial but not the amoebal phase of the life-cycle. The conclusion that the altB1 (N alpha Tu) allele codes for a plasmodial specific alpha-tubulin isotype is supported by recent amino acid sequence data.
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Foster KE, Burland TG, Gull K. A mutant beta-tubulin confers resistance to the action of benzimidazole-carbamate microtubule inhibitors both in vivo and in vitro. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1987; 163:449-55. [PMID: 3830165 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1987.tb10890.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The mutant BEN210 of Physarum polycephalum is highly resistant to a number of benzimidazole carbamate agents, including methylbenzimidazole-2-yl-carbamate and parbendazole. The resistance is conferred by the benD210 mutation in a structural gene for beta-tubulin. This mutant allele encodes a beta-tubulin with novel electrophoretic mobility. We have used this strain to determine whether the mutant beta-tubulin is used in microtubules and whether this usage permits microtubule polymerisation in the presence of drugs both in vivo and in vitro. In vitro assembly studies of tubulin purified from the mutant strain have shown that microtubules are formed both in the absence of drugs and in all drug concentrations tested (up to 50 microM parbendazole). In contrast, the assembly of microtubules from wild-type tubulin in vitro is totally inhibited by 2-5 microM parbendazole. Thus the resistance of BEN210 to parbendazole observed in vivo has been reproduced in vitro using tubulin purified from the mutant strain. Electrophoretic analysis of the microtubules formed in vitro has shown that both the wild-type and the mutant beta-tubulin are incorporated into the microtubules and that the proportion of mutant to wild-type beta-tubulin appears to remain constant with increasing drug concentration. This is the first demonstration of a single mutation in a tubulin structural gene causing an altered function of the gene product in vitro.
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Shipley GL, Marrs J, Yang F. Growth and differentiation of wild type amoebae of Physarum polycephalum in liquid culture. CELL DIFFERENTIATION 1985; 17:229-38. [PMID: 4075407 DOI: 10.1016/0045-6039(85)90497-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A method for growing wild type amoebal strains of Physarum polycephalum in two-membered liquid culture is presented. The medium is a simple buffered salts solution. We found that a minimal level of divalent cation was required for growth. All amoebal strains tried to date have grown under our conditions in stationary culture. Growth under gyratory conditions was only successful at 60 rpm or less and consistent growth required a period of adaptation over several transfers. Differentiation of two apogamic strains, CL and CH1, were compared. Contrary to the results seen on agar plates, the time of onset for the first committed amoebae was identical for both strains in liquid culture. Attempts to demonstrate mating between two genetically compatible amoebal strains grown together in liquid culture were not successful.
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Reiskind JB, Aldrich H. Comparison of isolated plasma membranes of compatible mating strains of Physarum polycephalum myxamoebae. Mycology 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/0147-5975(84)90028-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Barden A, Lemieux G, Pallotta D. Purification and characterization of plasma membranes from Physarum polycephalum amoebae. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(83)90312-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Chang MT, Dove WF, Laffler TG. The periodic synthesis of tubulin in the Physarum cell cycle. Characterization of Physarum tubulins by affinity for monoclonal antibodies and by peptide mapping. J Biol Chem 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)33200-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Burland TG, Chainey AM, Dee J, Foxon JL. Analysis of development and growth in a mutant of Physarum polycephalum with defective cytokinesis. Dev Biol 1981; 85:26-38. [PMID: 7250516 DOI: 10.1016/0012-1606(81)90233-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Laffler TG, Dove WF. Thymidine-dependent growth of Physarum polycephalum amoebae treated with methotrexate in axenic culture. Exp Cell Res 1981; 132:500-2. [PMID: 7215461 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4827(81)90130-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Turnock G, Morris SR, Dee J. A comparison of the proteins of the amoebal and plasmodial phases of the slime mould, Physarum polycephalum. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1981; 115:533-8. [PMID: 6786886 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1981.tb06235.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
1. The proteins of amoebae and plasmodia of strain CL of Physarum polycephalum have been compared by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Both forms of the organism were labelled by growth on formalin-killed bacteria labelled with [35S]sulphate, [3H]lysine or [14C]lysine. Plasmodia were also labelled from radioactive lysine in the medium. 2. Of 306 relatively abundant proteins examined, 26% were phase-specific, that is they were found only in amoebae or in plasmodia. About a quarter of these apparent differences in gene expression may be due to minor changes in charge and/or size. 3. Amongst the 74% of the proteins present in both amoebae and plasmodia, there are substantial differences in differential rates of synthesis and these have been measured for a representative set of proteins by a double-label procedure.
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Physarum polycephalum: A Review of a Model System Using a Structure-Function Approach. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1980. [DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(08)61756-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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Burland T, Dee J. Temperature-sensitive mutants of Physarum polycephalum--expression of mutations in amoebae and plasmodia. Genet Res (Camb) 1979; 34:33-40. [PMID: 510920 DOI: 10.1017/s0016672300019261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYOver 100 temperature-sensitive mutants ofmt-h (apogamic) strains ofPhysarum polycephalumwere isolated either by testing clones of mutagenized amoebae (ATS mutants) or by the more laborious method of testing plasmodia derived from such clones (PTS mutants). When amoebae and plasmodia of each mutant were tested for growth temperature sensitivity on different media (to give optimum growth of each phase), only 21% of 73 ATS mutants and 32% of 31 PTS mutants appeared to be temperature-sensitive in both phases, suggesting that the majority of mutants are phase-specific, as concluded from several similar studies by previous authors. When the mutants were tested on a third medium which allows growth of both amoebae and plasmodia, many of the mutants no longer had a temperature-sensitive phenotype in either phase. Among the remainder, 51% of ATS mutants and 67% of PTS mutants were temperature-sensitive in both phases. It was suggested that certain media have a remedial effect on some temperature-sensitive mutants so that the phenotype is apparently normal. Thus, the proportion of phase-specific mutants may be over-estimated if tests of temperature-sensitivity are done on the different media commonly used for culture of amoebae and plasmodia respectively. It was concluded that the most efficient procedure for isolation of temperature-sensitive mutants expressed in plasmodia is to screen clones of amoebae on a medium resembling as closely as possible that which is to be used for testing plasmodia.
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