Sphingobium vulgare sp. nov., isolated from freshwater sediment

Sphingobium aromaticivastans sp. nov., a novel aniline- and benzene-degrading, and antimicrobial compound producing bacterium

A strictly aerobic, orange-pigmented strain was isolated and designated as UCM-25^T. This strain is capable of degrading aniline and benzene, while is also producing antimicrobial compounds which inhibit the growth of some common pathogenic microbes. A near full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed similarity to Sphingobium chlorophenolicum NBRC 16172^T (98.6%). The level of DNA-DNA hybridization between the new isolate and the related species suggests UCM-25^T to be a new species belonging to the genus Sphingobium. The bacterial cells contained phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, sphingoglycolipid, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, phosphatidyldimethylethanolamine, three unidentified polar lipids, and an unidentified aminophospholipid. Ubiquinone Q-10 was the major quinone and spermidine was the major polyamine. The G+C content in the DNA of strain UCM-25^T was 62.9 mol%. Cells contained summed feature 8 (C_18:1ω7c and/or C_18:1ω6c), summed feature 3 (C_16:1ω7c and/or C_16:1ω6c), C_16:0, and C_14:0 2-OH as major fatty acids. Based on the comparison of phenotypic, genotypic, and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain UCM-25^T represents a new member of the genus Sphingobium, for which the name S. aromaticivastans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is UCM-25^T (=KACC 19288^T =DSM 105181^T).

Sphingobium subterraneum sp. nov., isolated from ground water

A Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming, yellow, rod-shaped bacterium, designated S-II-13T, was isolated from ground water at Daejeon in Korea. Strain S-II-13T grew between 15 and 30 °C (optimal growth at 28 °C), between pH 6.0 and 9.0 (optimal growth at pH 7.5) and at salinities of 0.3–1.5 % (w/v) NaCl, growing optimally with 0.5 % (w/v) NaCl. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain S-II-13T was found to belong to the genus Sphingobium , showing closest phylogenetic similarity to Rhizorhapis suberifaciens CA1T (97.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Sphingobium sufflavum HL-25T (96.9 %) and Sphingobium vulgare HU1-GD12T (96.6 %). The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine and sphingoglycolipid. The predominant ubiquinone was Q-10. The major fatty acids were C18 : 1ω7c, C14 : 0 2-OH, C16 : 0 and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH). The DNA G+C content of strain S-II-13T was 63.5 mol%. DNA–DNA relatedness between strain S-II-13T and Rhizorhapis suberifaciens LMG 17323T, Sphingobium sufflavum KCTC 23953T and Sphingobium vulgare KCTC 22289T was 24, 52 and 55 %, respectively. On the basis of evidence from this taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach, strain S-II-13T represents a novel species of the genus Sphingobium for which the name Sphingobium subterraneum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is S-II-13T ( = KACC 17606T = NBRC 109814T).

Sphingobium sufflavum sp. nov., isolated from a freshwater lake

A Gram-stain negative, rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming and aerobic bacterial strain, designated HL-25T, was isolated and characterized in a taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach. Comparative analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolate constituted a distinct branch within the genus Sphingobium , showing the highest level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Sphingobium vulgare HU1-GD12T (96.6 %). The major fatty acids (>10 %) of strain HL-25T were C18 : 1ω7c, C16 : 0, summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) and C18 : 0. The major cellular hydroxy fatty acid was C14 : 0 2-OH. The major isoprenoid quinone was Q-10 and the DNA G+C content was 63.8 mol%. The polar lipid profile consisted of a mixture of sphingoglycolipid, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidyldimethylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, an uncharacterized glycolipid, an uncharacterized aminophospholipid and four uncharacterized phospholipids. The polyamine pattern of strain HL-25T contained spermidine and putrescine. On the basis of these genotypic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data, strain HL-25T represents a novel species in the genus Sphingobium , for which the name Sphingobium sufflavum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HL-25T ( = BCRC 80413T = KCTC 23953T).