Fontisubflavum oceani gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from the deep-sea cold seep water of South China Sea

In this study, we report a Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, atrichous and aerobic bacterial strain named CSW1921T, which was isolated from the deep-sea water of a cold seep in South China Sea. Growth of strain CSW1921T occurred at 10.0-35.0 °C (optimum, 30 °C), pH 5.0-10.0 (optimum, pH 8.0-9.0) and with 0-9.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 1.0-2.0 %). Phylogenetic tree analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence or the genomic sequence indicated that strain CSW1921T belonged to the family Rhodobacteraceae and was closely related to Rhodophyticola porphyridii MA-7-27T (97.5 % sequence similarity). Genomic analysis indicated that strain CSW1921T contains a circular chromosome of 3 592 879 bp with G+C content of 60.5 mol%. The predominant respiratory quinone of CSW1921T was ubiquinone-10. The polar lipids of CSW1921T contained phosphatidylglycerol, three unidentified aminolipids, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified lipids. The major fatty acids of strain CSW1921T contained C16 : 0, C18 : 1 ω7c 11-methyl and summed feature 8 (C18 : 1 ω7c). The average nucleotide identity, DNA-DNA hybridization and average amino acid identity values between strain CSW1921T and members of its related species were 68.02-69.08 %, 12.7-12.9 % and 46.87-48.08 %, respectively, which were lower than the recommended threshold values for bacterial species or genus delineation. Phylogenetic, physiological, biochemical and morphological analyses suggested that strain CSW1921T represents a novel genus and a novel species of the family Rhodobacteraceae, and the name Fontisubflavum oceani gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed with the type strain CSW1921T (=MCCC 1K08371T=KCTC 92834T).

Muriiphilus fusiformis gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel non-marine bacterium belonging to the Roseobacter group, and reclassification of Maritimibacter lacisalsi (Zhong et al. 2015) as Muriicola lacisalsi gen. nov., comb. nov

An aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, non-sporulating, flagellated and spindle-like bacterium, designated HY14^T, was isolated from a pickle-processing factory wastewater sample. The isolate chemoheterotrophically grew at 4-42 °C (optimum, 35 °C) and pH 5.5-9.0 (optimum, pH 6.0-6.5). Salt was required for growth (0.5-12 % NaCl, w/v). A deep brown and water-soluble uncharacterized pigment was produced when grown in certain media. The predominant fatty acids (>5 %) included C_16 : 0, C_18 : 1  ω7c, 11-methyl C_18 : 1  ω7c and C_19 : 0 cyclo ω8c. The polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, two unidentified aminolipids, two unidentified phospholipids, two unidentified glycolipids and five unknown lipids. The major isoprenoid quinone was ubiquinone-10. Pairwise alignment based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain HY14^T had the highest sequence similarity to genera Maritimibacter (95.61-96.05 %) and Boseongicola (95.82 %). Phylogenetic analysis based on core genome illustrated that strain HY14^T formed a monophyletic lineage with members of the genus Maritimibacter in the clade of the Roseobacter group in the family Rhodobacteraeceae. The core-gene average amino acid identity used to define bacterial genera by a threshold of 60-80 % was calculated to be 68.56-76.5 % between HY14^T and closely related taxa. Several genomic characteristics, such as carrying two RuBisCO-mediated pathways and different osmoprotectant transport pathways, exhibited the genotypic discrepancies of strain HY14^T. Based on the polyphasic taxonomic characterization, strain HY14^T is considered to represent a novel species of a novel genus belonging to the family Rhodobacteraeceae, for which the name Muriiphilus fusiformis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HY14^T (=CGMCC 1.15973^T=KCTC 52499^T). Maritimibacter lacisalsi (Zhong et al. 2015) is considered to diverge from Maritimibacter alkaliphilus at the genus level, and should be reassigned as a novel genus, for which the name Muriicola lacisalsi gen. nov., comb. nov. is proposed.

Qingshengfaniella alkalisoli gen. nov., sp. nov., a p-hydroxybenzoate-degrading strain isolated from saline soil

p-Hydroxybenzoate is an allelopathic compound commonly found in soil from long-term monoculture cropping systems. During the bacterial diversity analysis of saline soil, a Gram-negative, non-spore forming, non-motile, aerobic p-hydroxybenzoate-degrading bacterial strain, designated LN3S51^T, was isolated from saline soil which was sampled from Tumd Right Banner, Inner Mongolia, northern China. Strain LN3S51^T grew at 4-40 °C (optimum, 30 °C), pH 5.0-10.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and 0-15 % NaCl (optimum 3.0 %). Though strain LN3S51^T has the highest 16S rRNA gene similarities to Litoreibacter ponti GJSW-31^T (96.0 %), the phylogenetic tree based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that it clustered with Fluviibacterium aquatile SM1902^T (95.8 %), Meridianimarinicoccus roseus TG-679^T (93.9 %), and Phycocomes zhengii LMIT002^T (93.9 %). Strain LN3S51^T contained Q-10 as the major ubiquinone. Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylcholine (PC), diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), an unidentified aminolipid (AL), and two unidentified lipids (L) were the major polar lipids. The major fatty acids were sum feature 8 (C_18 : 1  ω7c and/or C_18 : 1  ω6c), C_16 : 0, C_18 : 0, and C_18 : 1  ω7c 11-methyl. The genome of strain LN3S51^T consisted of a 2 257 066 bp chromosome and four plasmids with a 59.1 mol% of genomic DNA G+C content. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization score (dDDH) values of strain LN3S51^T to F. aquatile SM1902^T, M. roseus TG-679^T, P. zhengii LMIT002^T, and L. ponti GJSW-31^T were 69.6, 70.9, 70.6, and 69.5 %, and 20.0, 19.5, 19.0, and 20.0 %, respectively. Based on the results of phylogenetic, chemtaxonomic and phenotypic characterization, strain LN3S51^T is considered to represent a novel species in a new genus within the family Rhodobacteraceae, for which Qingshengfaniella alkalisoli gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is LN3S51^T (=CGMCC 1.17099^T=KCTC 72457^T).

Kangsaoukella pontilimi gen. nov., sp. nov., a new member of the family Rhodobacteraceae isolated from a tidal mudflat

A strictly aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, ovoid- and rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain GH1-50^T, was isolated from a tidal mudflat sample collected from Dongmak seashore on Gangwha Island, Republic of Korea. The organism showed growth at 20-40 °C (optimum, 30 °C), pH 7-8 (optimum, pH 7) and 2-6  % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 5 %). The pufLM genes were present but bacteriochlorophyll a was not detected. The major isoprenoid quinone was Q-10. The polar lipids were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, an unidentified aminolipid and five unidentified lipids. The predominant cellular fatty acids were C_18 : 1  ω7c, C_18 : 1  ω7c 11-methyl and C_18 : 0. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that the isolate belonged to the family Rhodobacteraceae and was loosely associated with members of the recognized genera. The closest relative was the type strain of Pseudoruegeria marinistellae (96.8 % similarity) followed by Boseongicola aestuarii (96.4 %). Other members of the family shared 16S rRNA gene similarity values below 96.0 % to the novel isolate. The DNA G+C content calculated from the draft genome sequence was 64.0 %. The average amino acid identity, average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between genome sequences of strain GH1-50^T and all the type strains of the recognized taxa compared were <70.0, <84.1 and <20.5 %, respectively. Based on data obtained by a polyphasic approach, strain GH1-50^T (=KCTC 72224^T=NBRC 113929^T) represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Rhodobacteraceae, for which the name Kangsaoukella pontilimi gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed.

Paenimaribius caenipelagi gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from a tidal flat

A Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, non-motile and ovoid- or rod-shaped bacterial strain, JBTF-M29^T, was isolated from tidal flat sediment sampled from the Yellow Sea, Republic of Korea. The neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain JBTF-M29^T clustered with the type strains of Maribius species and this cluster joined the clade comprising Pseudomaribius and Palleronia species. Strain JBTF-M29^T exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 96.2-96.6 % to the type strains of three Maribius species, of 96.4 % to the type strain of Pseudomaribius aestuariivivens and of 93.9-94.7 % to the type strains of three Palleronia species. In the UPGMA dendrogram based on the ANI values of genomic sequences, strain JBTF-M29^T formed an evolutionary lineage independent of the genera Maribius and Palleronia and some other taxa. Strain JBTF-M29^T contained Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and C_18 : 1  ω7c and C_18 : 0 as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids of strain JBTF-M29^T were phosphatidylglycerol and one unidentified aminolipid. The DNA G+C content of strain JBTF-M29^T was 64.5 mol%. The differences in fatty acid and polar lipid profiles and other differential phenotypic properties including nitrate reduction and casein hydrolysis made it reasonable to distinguish strain JBTF-M29^T from the genera Maribius, Pseudomaribius and Palleronia. Therefore, on the basis of the polyphasic taxonomic data presented here, strain JBTF-M29^T constitutes a new genus and species within the class Alphaproteobacteria, for which the name Paenimaribius caenipelagi gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JBTF-M29^T (=KACC 19867^T=NBRC 113548^T).

Rhodophyticola porphyridii gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from a red alga, Porphyridium marinum

A Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic and moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain MA-7-27^T, was isolated from a marine red alga, Porphyridium marinum, in the Republic of Korea. The cells of strain MA-7-27^T were non-motile rods showing oxidase- and catalase-positive activities. Growth of strain MA-7-27^T was observed at 15-45 °C (optimum, 30 °C), pH 5.0-9.0 (pH 7.0) and in the presence of 0.0-5.0 % (w/v) NaCl (2.0 %). Strain MA-7-27^T contained C10 : 0, summed feature 1 (comprising iso-C15 : 1 h and/or C13 : 1 3-OH) and summed feature 8 (comprising C18 : 1 ω7c and/or C18 : 1 ω6c) as the major fatty acids. The only isoprenoid quinone detected was ubiquinone-10. The major polar lipids of strain MA-7-27^T were phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified aminolipids. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was approximately 63.6 mol%. Strain MA-7-27^T was most closely related to the type strains of Boseongicola aestuarii BS-W15^T and Nioella nitratireducens SSW136^T with 96.98 % and 96.12 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, respectively, but phylogenetic analyses showed that strain MA-7-27^T formed a clearly distinct phylogenic lineage from the closely related strains. The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular properties support that strain MA-7-27^T represents a novel genus of the family Rhodobacteraceae, for which the name Rhodophyticola porphyridii gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MA-7-27^T (=KACC 18805^T=JCM 31537^T).

Microbiomes of the Enteropneust, Saccoglossus bromophenolosus, and Associated Marine Intertidal Sediments of Cod Cove, Maine

Enteropneusts are widely distributed marine invertebrates that accumulate high concentrations of halogenated aromatics. Some of these compounds affect benthic biogeochemistery (e.g., denitrification and ammonia oxidation), but little is known about interactions between enteropneusts and their associated microbial communities. Even less is known about enteropneust host-microbe relationships in the digestive tract. More generally, microbial community composition and diversity in intertidal sediments have received little attention. In this study, high throughput sequence analyses of 16S rRNA genes extracted from microbial communities associated with sediment-free whole individuals of Saccoglossus bromophenolosus and freshly excreted S. bromophenolosus gut sediments revealed a potential Spirochaete symbiont that was abundant, present in gut sediment, but absent in other sediments. Relative to surface sediments, gut communities also revealed evidence for selective losses of some groups and blooms of others, especially Colwellia, Photobacterium, Pseudoalteromonas, and Vibrio. After deposition, gut sediment communities rapidly resembled those of surface sediments. Although hierarchical cluster analysis and Linear Discriminant Analysis Effect Size (LEfSe) differentiated among burrow walls of S. bromophenolosus and a polychaete, Alitta virens, as well as between surface and sub-surface sediments, most operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were shared, with differences largely occurring in relative abundances. This suggests that sediment mixing through bioturbation might act to homogenize community composition, while species-specific impacts by infauna might alter local population abundances. Although Cod Cove is a relatively isolated intertidal system, microbial community members included groups with cosmopolitan distributions and roles in sulfur cycling, e.g., Gammaproteobacteria BD7 and Sva0071, as well as novel OTUs representing a large number of phyla.

Pseudopontivivens aestuariicola gen. nov., sp. nov., a Novel Bacterium of the Class Alphaproteobacteria Isolated from a Tidal Flat

A Gram-stain-negative, non-motile and coccoid, ovoid or rod-shaped bacterial strain, OITF-57^T, which was isolated from a tidal flat sediment in South Korea, was characterized taxonomically. Strain OITF-57^T grew optimally at 25 °C, at pH 7.0-8.0 and in the presence of 2.0% (w/v) NaCl. Strain OITF-57^T exhibited the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity value (94.2%) to the type strain of Pontivivens insulae forming a cluster in the neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree. In the maximum-likelihood and maximum-parsimony phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and the phylogenetic tress based on gyrB sequences, strain OITF-57^T formed evolutionary lineages independent of those of other taxa. Strain OITF-57^T contained Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and C_18:1 ω7c as the major fatty acid. The major polar lipids of strain OITF-57^T were phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylglycerol. The DNA G + C content of strain OITF-57^T was 66.0 mol%. The chemotaxonomic data and other differential phenotypic properties made it possible to distinguish strain OITF-57^T from the genus Pontivivens and other phylogenetically related genera. On the basis of the data presented, strain OITF-57^T constitutes a new genus and species within the class Alphaproteobacteria, for which the name Pseudopontivivens aestuariicola gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is OITF-57^T (= KACC 19570^T = CGMCC 1.13481^T).

The Biogeographical Distribution of Benthic Roseobacter Group Members along a Pacific Transect Is Structured by Nutrient Availability within the Sediments and Primary Production in Different Oceanic Provinces

By now, only limited information on the Roseobacter group thriving at the seafloor is available. Hence, the current study was conducted to determine their abundance and diversity within Pacific sediments along the 180° meridian. We hypothesize a distinct biogeographical distribution of benthic members of the Roseobacter group linked to nutrient availability within the sediments and productivity of the water column. Lowest cell numbers were counted at the edge of the south Pacific gyre and within the north Pacific gyre followed by an increase to the north with maximum values in the highly productive Bering Sea. Specific quantification of the Roseobacter group revealed on average a relative abundance of 1.7 and 6.3% as determined by catalyzed reported deposition-fluorescence in situ hybridization (CARD-FISH) and quantitative PCR (qPCR), respectively. Corresponding Illumina tag sequencing of 16S rRNA genes and 16S rRNA transcripts showed different compositions containing on average 0.7 and 0.9% Roseobacter-affiliated OTUs of the DNA- and RNA-based communities. These OTUs were mainly assigned to uncultured members of the Roseobacter group. Among those with cultured representatives, Sedimentitalea and Sulfitobacter made up the largest proportions. The different oceanic provinces with low nutrient content such as both ocean gyres were characterized by specific communities of the Roseobacter group, distinct from those of the more productive Pacific subarctic region and the Bering Sea. However, linking the community structure to specific metabolic processes at the seafloor is hampered by the dominance of so-far uncultured members of the Roseobacter group, indicating a diversity that has yet to be explored.

Amylibacter cionae sp. nov., isolated from the sea squirt Ciona savignyi

A Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, aerobic and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated H-12T, was isolated from a sea squirt (Ciona savignyi) collected from Tsingtao Port, Jiaozhou Bay, China, and its taxonomic position was investigated. Strain H-12T grew optimally at 25-30 °C, at pH 7.0-8.0 and in the presence of 3.0-4.0 % (w/v) NaCl. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain H-12T exhibited the highest similarity to that of the type strain of Amylibacter marinus (95.3 %). A neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain H-12T clustered with the type strain of A. marinus. The predominant ubiquinone in strain H-12T was identified as Q-10. The major fatty acids of strain H-12T were C18 : 1ω7c and C18 : 1ω7c 11-methyl. The major polar lipids detected in strain H-12T were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified aminolipid, two unidentified phospholipids and five unidentified lipids. The DNA G+C content of strain H-12T was 52.7 mol%. On the basis of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic properties, strain H-12T is considered to represent a novel species within the genus Amylibacter, for which the name Amylibacter cionae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is H-12T (=KCTC 52581T=CGMCC 1.15880T).

Lacimonas salitolerans gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from surface water of a saline lake

A Gram-stain-negative bacterium, strain TS-T30T, was isolated from a saline lake (Lake Tuosu) in Qaidam basin, Qinghai province, China, and its taxonomic position was determined by using a polyphasic approach. Cells were non-spore-forming rods, non-motile, 0.8–1.4 μm wide and 1.9–4.0 μm long. Strain TS-T30T was strictly heterotrophic and aerobic. Catalase- and oxidase-positive. Growth was observed in the presence of 0.5–11.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 3.0 %), and at 10–35 °C (optimum 25 °C) and pH 6.5–10.0 (optimum pH 8.5). Strain TS-T30T contained C18 : 1ω7c as the only predominant fatty acid. The major respiratory quinone was Q-10. The DNA G+C content was 62 mol% (T m). Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TS-T30T formed a distinct lineage that was independent of other most closely related genera: Lutimaribacter (95.2–95.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities), Poseidonocella (95.4 %), Ruegeria (92.8–94.9 %), Marivita (93.6–94.9 %), Seohaeicola (94.7 %), Sediminimonas (94.7 %), Shimia (93.9–94.7 %), Oceanicola (92.6–94.5 %) and Roseicyclus (94.5 %). The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified phospholipid and an unknown aminolipid; phosphatidylcholine was not detected. These data demonstrated that strain TS-T30T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Rhodobacteraceae, for which the name Lacimonas salitolerans gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the type species is TS-T30T ( = CGMCC 1.12477T = NBRC 110969T).

Roseovarius scapharcae sp. nov., isolated from ark shell Scapharca broughtonii

A Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, aerobic and ovoid or rod-shaped bacterium, designated MA4-5T, was isolated from ark shell (Scapharca broughtonii) collected from the South Sea, South Korea. The novel strain grew optimally at 25 °C, at pH 7.0-8.0 and in the presence of 2.0 % (w/v) NaCl. Neighbour-joining and maximum-likelihood phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain MA4-5T forms a coherent cluster with the type strains of Roseovarius albus, Roseovarius aestuarii and Roseovarius nubinhibens, sharing 97.0-99.2 % sequence similarity. It exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 93.1-96.1 % to the type strains of other Roseovarius species. Strain MA4-5T contained Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and C18 : 1ω7c as the major fatty acid. The major polar lipids of strain MA4-5T were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified aminolipid and one unidentified lipid. The DNA G+C content of strain MA4-5T was 53.8 mol% and its mean DNA-DNA relatedness values with the type strains of R. albus, R. aestuarii and R. nubinhibens were 11-26 %. Differential phenotypic properties, together with phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, indicated that strain MA4-5T is separate from recognized species of the genus Roseovarius. On the basis of the data presented, strain MA4-5T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Roseovarius, for which the name Roseovarius scapharcae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MA4-5T ( = KCTC 42703T = NBRC 111226T).

Aliiroseovarius pelagivivens gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from seawater, and reclassification of three species of the genus Roseovarius as Aliiroseovarius crassostreae comb. nov., Aliiroseovarius halocynthiae comb. nov. and Aliiroseovarius sediminilitoris comb. nov

A Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, aerobic and ovoid or rod-shaped bacterium, designated GYSW-22T, was isolated from seawater off Geoje Island in the South Sea, South Korea. Strain GYSW-22T grew optimally at 25 °C, at pH 7.0–8.0 and in the presence of 1.0–2.0 % (w/v) NaCl. Neighbour-joining, maximum-likelihood and maximum-parsimony phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain GYSW-22T and the type strains of Roseovarius crassostreae, Roseovarius halocynthiae and Roseovarius sediminilitoris form a coherent cluster, independent of phylogenetic lineages or clusters comprising the type strains of other species of the genus Roseovarius. Strain GYSW-22T exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 97.2, 96.6 and 96.3 % to R. halocynthiae MA1-10T, R. crassostreae CV919-312T and R. sediminilitoris M-M10T, respectively, and of 92.6–94.7 % to the type strains of other species of the genus Roseovarius. Strain GYSW-22T contained Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and C18 : 1ω7c as the major fatty acid. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified aminolipid and one unidentified lipid. The DNA G+C content of strain GYSW-22T was 59.0 mol% and its mean DNA–DNA relatedness value with R. halocynthiae MA1-10T was 15 %. On the basis of the data presented, we propose strain GYSW-22T represents a novel species of a new genus, Aliiroseovarius pelagivivens gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain of the type species is GYSW-22T ( = KCTC 42459T = CECT 8811T). In this study, it is also proposed that Roseovarius crassostreae, Roseovarius halocynthiae and Roseovarius sediminilitoris be reclassified into the new genus as Aliiroseovarius crassostreae comb. nov. (type strain CV919-312T = ATCC BAA-1102T = DSM 16950T), Aliiroseovarius halocynthiae comb. nov. (type strain MA1-10T = KCTC 23462T = CCUG 60745T) and Aliiroseovarius sediminilitoris comb. nov. (type strain M-M10T = KCTC 23959T = CCUG 62413T), respectively.

Pseudoseohaeicola caenipelagi gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from a tidal flat

A Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, aerobic and pleomorphic bacterium, designated BS-W13T, was isolated from a tidal flat on the South Sea, South Korea, and its taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. Strain BS-W13T grew optimally at 25 °C, at pH 7.0–8.0 and in the presence of 1.0–2.0 % (w/v) NaCl. Neighbour-joining and maximum-parsimony phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain BS-W13T clustered with the type strain of Seohaeicola saemankumensis , showing the highest sequence similarity (95.96 %) to this strain. Strain BS-W13T exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 95.95, 95.91, 95.72 and 95.68 % to the type strains of Sulfitobacter donghicola , Sulfitobacter porphyrae , Sulfitobacter mediterraneus and Roseobacter litoralis , respectively. Strain BS-W13T contained Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and C18 : 1ω7c as the major fatty acid. The polar lipid profile of strain BS-W13T, containing phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified aminolipid and one unidentified lipid as major components, was distinguishable from those of some phylogenetically related taxa. The DNA G+C content of strain BS-W13T was 58.1 mol%. The phylogenetic data and differential chemotaxonomic and other phenotypic properties revealed that strain BS-W13T constitutes a novel genus and species within family Rhodobacteraceae of the class Alphaproteobacteria , for which the name Pseudoseohaeicola caenipelagi gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is BS-W13T ( = KCTC 42349T = CECT 8724T).

Pseudohalocynthiibacter aestuariivivens gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from a tidal flat

A Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, aerobic and coccoid, ovoid or rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated BS-W9T, was isolated from a tidal flat of the South Sea, South Korea. Strain BS-W9T grew optimally at 25–30 °C, at pH 7.0–8.0 and in the presence of approximately 2.0 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic trees, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, revealed that strain BS-W9T clustered with the type strain of Halocynthiibacter namhaensis , showing a highest sequence similarity of 97.3 %. It exhibited sequence similarity values of less than 95.6 % to the type strains of other species with validly published names. Strain BS-W9T contained Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and C18 : 1ω7c as the predominant fatty acid. The major polar lipids of strain BS-W9T were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified lipid and one unidentified aminolipid. The fatty acid and polar lipid profiles of strain BS-W9T were distinguished from those of the type strains of H. namhaensis and other phylogenetically related genera. The DNA G+C content of strain BS-W9T was 53.2 mol% and its mean DNA–DNA relatedness value with H. namhaensis RA2-3T was 14 %. On the basis of the phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and other phenotypic properties, strain BS-W9T is considered to represent a novel genus and species within the family Rhodobacteraceae , for which the name Pseudohalocyntiibacter aestuariivivens gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Pseudohalocyntiibacter aestuariivivens is BS-W9T ( = KCTC 42348T = CECT 8726T).