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Rizzo C, Perrin E, Poli A, Finore I, Fani R, Lo Giudice A. Characterization of the exopolymer-producing Pseudoalteromonas sp. S8-8 from Antarctic sediment. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:7173-7185. [PMID: 36156161 PMCID: PMC9592659 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12180-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract A synergistic approach using cultivation methods, chemical, and bioinformatic analyses was applied to explore the potential of Pseudoalteromonas sp. S8-8 in the production of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) and the possible physiological traits related to heavy metal and/or antibiotic resistance. The effects of different parameters (carbon source, carbon source concentration, temperature, pH and NaCl supplement) were tested to ensure the optimization of growth conditions for EPS production by the strain S8-8. The highest yield of EPS was obtained during growth in culture medium supplemented with glucose (final concentration 2%) and NaCl (final concentration 3%), at 15 °C and pH 7. The EPS was mainly composed of carbohydrates (35%), followed by proteins and uronic acids (2.5 and 2.77%, respectively) and showed a monosaccharidic composition of glucose: mannose: galactosamine: galactose in the relative molar proportions of 1:0.7:0.5:0.4, as showed by the HPAE-PAD analysis. The detection of specific molecular groups (sulfates and uronic acid content) supported the interesting properties of EPSs, i.e. the emulsifying and cryoprotective action, heavy metal chelation, with interesting implication in bioremediation and biomedical fields. The analysis of the genome allowed to identify a cluster of genes involved in cellulose biosynthesis, and two additional gene clusters putatively involved in EPS biosynthesis. Key points • A cold-adapted Pseudoalteromonas strain was investigated for EPS production. • The EPS showed emulsifying, cryoprotective, and heavy metal chelation functions. • Three gene clusters putatively involved in EPS biosynthesis were evidenced by genomic insights. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00253-022-12180-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Rizzo
- Marine Biotechnology Department, Stazione Zoologica "Anton Dohrn", Sicily Marine Centre, Villa Pace, Messina, Italy
| | - Elena Perrin
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Annarita Poli
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council (ICB-CNR), Pozzuoli, NA), Italy
| | - Ilaria Finore
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council (ICB-CNR), Pozzuoli, NA), Italy
| | - Renato Fani
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Angelina Lo Giudice
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Spianata San Raineri 86, 98122, Messina, Italy. .,Italian Collection of Antarctic Bacteria, National Antarctic Museum (CIBAN-MNA), Section of Messina, Messina, Italy.
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Wang S, Sun L, Narsing Rao MP, Fang B, Li W. Comparative Genome Analysis of a Novel Alkaliphilic Actinobacterial Species Nesterenkonia haasae. Pol J Microbiol 2022; 71:453-461. [PMID: 36185029 PMCID: PMC9608169 DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2022-040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, a comparative genome analysis of the novel alkaliphilic actinobacterial Nesterenkonia haasae with other members of the genus Nesterenkonia was performed. The genome size of Nesterenkonia members ranged from 2,188,008 to 3,676,111 bp. N. haasae and Nesterenkonia members of the present study encode the essential glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway genes. In addition, some Nesterenkonia members encode the crucial genes for Entner-Doudoroff pathways. Some Nesterenkonia members possess the genes responsible for sulfate/thiosulfate transport system permease protein/ ATP-binding protein and conversion of sulfate to sulfite. Nesterenkonia members also encode the genes for assimilatory nitrate reduction, nitrite reductase, and the urea cycle. All Nesterenkonia members have the genes to overcome environmental stress and produce secondary metabolites. The present study helps to understand N. haasae and Nesterenkonia members' environmental adaptation and niches specificity based on their specific metabolic properties. Further, based on genome analysis, we propose reclassifying Nesterenkonia jeotgali as a later heterotypic synonym of Nesterenkonia sandarakina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wang
- Heilongjiang Academy of Black Soil Conservation and Utilization, BeijingPeople’s Republic of China,State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, BeijingPeople’s Republic of China, S. Wang, Heilongjiang Academy of Black Soil Conservation and Utilization, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, People’s Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Sun
- Heilongjiang Academy of Black Soil Conservation and Utilization, BeijingPeople’s Republic of China
| | - Manik Prabhu Narsing Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, GuangzhouPeople’s Republic of China
| | - Bao‑zhu Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, BeijingPeople’s Republic of China,State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, GuangzhouPeople’s Republic of China
| | - Wen‑jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, BeijingPeople’s Republic of China,State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, GuangzhouPeople’s Republic of China
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Comparative Analysis of the Endophytic Bacterial Diversity of Populus euphratica Oliv. in Environments of Different Salinity Intensities. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0050022. [PMID: 35587636 PMCID: PMC9241684 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00500-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Populus euphratica Oliv. has a high tolerance for drought, salinity, and alkalinity. The main purpose of this study is to explore the effects of environments of different salinity intensities on endophytic community structure and the possible roles of endophytes in the tolerance of host plants. The characterization of endogenous bacteria in diversity has been investigated by using the Illumina high-throughput sequencing technique. The research showed that endophytic bacteria of P. euphratica in an extremely saline environment had low species diversity, especially in sap tissue. The dominant phyla in all groups were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. Notably, Firmicutes (relative abundance >5%) was a different dominant phylum in the samples from the high-saline environment compared with the relatively low-saline-environment group. The linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis found that there were significant differences in different saline environments of Cytophagaceae (family), Rhodobacteraceae (family), and Rhodobacterales (order). These results indicated that the composition of the endogenous bacterial community was related to the growth environment of host plants. The predictive analysis of KEGG pathways and enzymes showed that the abundance of some enzymes and metabolic pathways of endophytes of P. euphratica increased with the increase of soil salinity, and most of the enzymes were related to energy metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism. These findings suggested that the endogenous bacteria of the host plant had different expression mechanisms under different degrees of stress, and this mechanism was very obvious in the distribution of endophytes, while the function of the endogenous bacteria needs to be further explored. IMPORTANCE Euphrates poplar (Populus euphratica Oliv.), as the only tree species that grows in the desert, has tenacious vitality with the characteristics of cold tolerance, drought tolerance, salt-alkali tolerance, and wind-sand resistance. P. euphratica has a long growth cycle and a high growth rate, which can break wind, fix sand, green the environment, and protect farmland, making it an important afforestation tree species in arid and semiarid areas. The area of P. euphratica in Xinjiang accounts for 91.1% of its area in China. Studying the endophytic bacteria of P. euphratica can give people a systematic understanding of it and the adaptability of the endogenous flora to the host and special environments. In this study, by analyzing the endophytic bacteria of P. euphratica in different saline-alkali regions of Xinjiang, it was found that the bacteria in different tissues of P. euphratica changed with the change of soil salinity. Especially in the sap tissue of P. euphratica under extremely high salinity, the diversity of endogenous bacteria was significantly lower than that in other tissues. These differential bacteria under different salinities were mostly related to the stress resistance of themselves and the host. Not only that, we also selected a strain of Bacillus with high stress resistance from the tissues of P. euphratica, which can survive under the extreme conditions of 10% NaCl and pH 11. We obtained a genome completion map of this strain, named it Bacillus haynesii P19 (GenBank accession no. PRJNA648288), and tried to use it for fermentation but in a different work, so as to develop it into a promising industrial fermentation chassis bacterium. Therefore, this study was of great significance for the understanding of endophytic bacteria in P. euphratica and the acquisition of extremophilic microbial resources.
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Comparative Genomic Analyses of the Genus Nesterenkonia Unravels the Genomic Adaptation to Polar Extreme Environments. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10020233. [PMID: 35208688 PMCID: PMC8875376 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The members of the Nesterenkonia genus have been isolated from various habitats, like saline soil, salt lake, sponge-associated and the human gut, some of which are even located in polar areas. To identify their stress resistance mechanisms and draw a genomic profile across this genus, we isolated four Nesterenkonia strains from the lakes in the Tibetan Plateau, referred to as the third pole, and compared them with all other 30 high-quality Nesterenkonia genomes that are deposited in NCBI. The Heaps’ law model estimated that the pan-genome of this genus is open and the number of core, shell, cloud, and singleton genes were 993 (6.61%), 2782 (18.52%), 4117 (27.40%), and 7132 (47.47%), respectively. Phylogenomic and ANI/AAI analysis indicated that all genomes can be divided into three main clades, named NES-1, NES-2, and NES-3. The strains isolated from lakes in the Tibetan Plateau were clustered with four strains from different sources in the Antarctic and formed a subclade within NES-2, described as NES-AT. Genome features of this subclade, including GC (guanine + cytosine) content, tRNA number, carbon/nitrogen atoms per residue side chain (C/N-ARSC), and amino acid composition, in NES-AT individuals were significantly different from other strains, indicating genomic adaptation to cold, nutrient-limited, osmotic, and ultraviolet conditions in polar areas. Functional analysis revealed the enrichment of specific genes involved in bacteriorhodopsin synthesis, biofilm formation, and more diverse nutrient substance metabolism genes in the NES-AT clade, suggesting potential adaptation strategies for energy metabolism in polar environments. This study provides a comprehensive profile of the genomic features of the Nesterenkonia genus and reveals the possible mechanism for the survival of Nesterenkonia isolates in polar areas.
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Effect of Carbon Sources in Carotenoid Production from Haloarcula sp. M1, Halolamina sp. M3 and Halorubrum sp. M5, Halophilic Archaea Isolated from Sonora Saltern, Mexico. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9051096. [PMID: 34065163 PMCID: PMC8160830 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9051096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The isolation and molecular and chemo-taxonomic identification of seventeen halophilic archaea from the Santa Bárbara saltern, Sonora, México, were performed. Eight strains were selected based on pigmentation. Molecular identification revealed that the strains belonged to the Haloarcula, Halolamina and Halorubrum genera. Neutral lipids (quinones) were identified in all strains. Glycolipid S-DGD was found only in Halolamina sp. strain M3; polar phospholipids 2,3-O-phytanyl-sn-glycerol-1-phosphoryl-3-sn-glycerol (PG), 2,3-di-O-phytanyl-sn-glycero-1-phospho-3′-sn-glycerol-1′-methyl phosphate (PGP-Me) and sodium salt 1-(3-sn-phosphatidyl)-rac-glycerol were found in all the strains; and one unidentified glyco-phospholipid in strains M1, M3 and M4. Strains M1, M3 and M5 were selected for further studies based on carotenoid production. The effect of glucose and succinic and glutamic acid on carotenoid production was assessed. In particular, carotenoid production and growth significantly improved in the presence of glucose in strains Haloarcula sp. M1 and Halorubrum sp. M5 but not in Halolamina sp. M3. Glutamic and succinic acid had no effect on carotenoid production, and even was negative for Halorubrum sp. M5. Growth was increased by glutamic and succinic acid on Haloarcula sp. M1 but not in the other strains. This work describes for first time the presence of halophilic archaea in the Santa Bárbara saltern and highlights the differences in the effect of carbon sources on the growth and carotenoid production of haloarchaea.
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Finore I, Vigneron A, Vincent WF, Leone L, Di Donato P, Schiano Moriello A, Nicolaus B, Poli A. Novel Psychrophiles and Exopolymers from Permafrost Thaw Lake Sediments. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8091282. [PMID: 32842646 PMCID: PMC7563700 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8091282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermokarst lakes are one of the most abundant types of microbial ecosystems in the circumpolar North. These shallow basins are formed by the thawing and collapse of ice-rich permafrost, with subsequent filling by snow and ice melt. Until now, permafrost thaw lakes have received little attention for isolation of microorganisms by culture-based analysis. The discovery of novel psychrophiles and their biomolecules makes these extreme environments suitable sources for the isolation of new strains, including for potential biotechnological applications. In this study, samples of bottom sediments were collected from three permafrost thaw lakes in subarctic Québec, Canada. Their diverse microbial communities were characterized by 16S rRNA gene amplicon analysis, and subsamples were cultured for the isolation of bacterial strains. Phenotypic and genetic characterization of the isolates revealed affinities to the genera Pseudomonas, Paenibacillus, Acinetobacter,Staphylococcus and Sphingomonas. The isolates were then evaluated for their production of extracellular enzymes and exopolymers. Enzymes of potential biotechnological interest included α and β-glucosidase, α and β-maltosidase, β-xylosidase and cellobiohydrolase. One isolate, Pseudomonas extremaustralis strain 2ASCA, also showed the capability to produce, in the loosely bound cell fraction, a levan-type polysaccharide with a yield of 613 mg/L of culture, suggesting its suitability as a candidate for eco-sustainable alternatives to commercial polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Finore
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche C.N.R., Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (Na), Italy; (I.F.); (L.L.); (P.D.D.); (A.S.M.); (B.N.)
| | - Adrien Vigneron
- Centre d’études nordiques (CEN) & Département de Biologie, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (A.V.); (W.F.V.)
| | - Warwick F. Vincent
- Centre d’études nordiques (CEN) & Département de Biologie, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (A.V.); (W.F.V.)
| | - Luigi Leone
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche C.N.R., Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (Na), Italy; (I.F.); (L.L.); (P.D.D.); (A.S.M.); (B.N.)
| | - Paola Di Donato
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche C.N.R., Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (Na), Italy; (I.F.); (L.L.); (P.D.D.); (A.S.M.); (B.N.)
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Naples Parthenope, Centro Direzionale, Isola C4, 80143 Naples, Italy
| | - Aniello Schiano Moriello
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche C.N.R., Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (Na), Italy; (I.F.); (L.L.); (P.D.D.); (A.S.M.); (B.N.)
| | - Barbara Nicolaus
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche C.N.R., Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (Na), Italy; (I.F.); (L.L.); (P.D.D.); (A.S.M.); (B.N.)
| | - Annarita Poli
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche C.N.R., Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (Na), Italy; (I.F.); (L.L.); (P.D.D.); (A.S.M.); (B.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0818675311
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Acer Ö, Güven K, Poli A, Di Donato P, Leone L, Buono L, Güven RG, Nicolaus B, Finore I. Acinetobacter mesopotamicus sp. nov., Petroleum-degrading Bacterium, Isolated from Petroleum-Contaminated Soil in Diyarbakir, in the Southeast of Turkey. Curr Microbiol 2020; 77:3192-3200. [PMID: 32725341 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-02134-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A new petroleum-degrading bacterium, designated strain GC2T, was isolated from Bozkuş 1 petroleum station in Diyarbakir, located in the southeast of Turkey. Cells were Gram-negative staining, aerobic, coccoid-rods, non-motile, non-spore-forming. The bacterium was found to degrade 100% of n-alkanes ranging from C11 to C34 presented in the 1% crude oil after incubation of 7 days. The membrane phospholipids were 1,2 diacylglycero-3-phosphorylethanolamine (PEA), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), dipalmitoyl-sn-glycerol 1- phosphocholine (PC1), 1,2 dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine monohydrate (PC3), cardiolipin also called diphosphatidylglycerol (CL) and l-α- phosphatidic acid, dipalmitoyl (AP); predominant respiratory ubiquinone was Q-8 and C16:0, C18:1ω9c and C16:1 were the major cellular fatty acids. The 16S rRNA sequence analysis revealed that the strain GC2T was a member of genus Acinetobacter and was most closely related to Acinetobacter lwoffii DSM 2403 T (99.79%), Acinetobacter pseudolwoffii ANC 5318 T (98.83%) and Acinetobacter harbinensis HITLi 7 T (98.14%). The rpoB and gyrB gene sequence analysis confirmed that the strain GC2T was a member of genus Acinetobacter and that the closest relative was Acinetobacter lwoffii DSM 2403 T (99.08% and 100% similarity, respectively). DNA-DNA hybridization values between GC2T and its closest relatives ranged from 65.6% (with A. lwoffii) to 5.1% (with A. venetianus). The whole genome sequence of strain GC2T was obtained. The DNA G + C content of this strain was determined to be 42.9 mol %. ANI indexes, in silico estimations of DDH values and wet lab DDH values demonstrated that strain GC2T represents an independent genomospecies. On the basis of phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic data and DNA-DNA hybridization and whole genome analysis, we propose to assign strain GC2T as a new species of the genus Acinetobacter, for which the name Acinetobacter mesopotamicus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of this species is GC2T (DSM 26953 T = JCM 31073 T). The whole genome of strain GC2T has been deposited at DDBJ/ENA/GenBank under the accession JAALFF010000000.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ömer Acer
- Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Microbiology, Siirt University, 56100, Siirt, Turkey.
| | - Kemal Güven
- Molecular Biology and Genetic Department, Faculty of Science, Dicle University, 21280, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Annarita Poli
- Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (C.N.R.), Istituto Di Chimica Biomolecolare (I.C.B.), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Paola Di Donato
- Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (C.N.R.), Istituto Di Chimica Biomolecolare (I.C.B.), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy.,Department of Science and Technology, Centro Direzionale -Isola C4, Parthenope University of Naples, 80143, Napoli, Italy
| | - Luigi Leone
- Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (C.N.R.), Istituto Di Chimica Biomolecolare (I.C.B.), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Lorena Buono
- Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (C.N.R.), Istituto Di Chimica Biomolecolare (I.C.B.), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Reyhan Gül Güven
- Division of Science Teaching, Ziya Gökalp Faculty of Education, Dicle University, 21280, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Barbara Nicolaus
- Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (C.N.R.), Istituto Di Chimica Biomolecolare (I.C.B.), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Ilaria Finore
- Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (C.N.R.), Istituto Di Chimica Biomolecolare (I.C.B.), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy
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Joulak I, Finore I, Nicolaus B, Leone L, Moriello AS, Attia H, Poli A, Azabou S. Evaluation of the production of exopolysaccharides by newly isolated Halomonas strains from Tunisian hypersaline environments. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 138:658-666. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.07.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Parageobacillus thermantarcticus, an Antarctic Cell Factory: From Crop Residue Valorization by Green Chemistry to Astrobiology Studies. DIVERSITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/d11080128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of Antarctic habitat biodiversity, both marine and terrestrial, has increased considerably in recent years, causing considerable development in the studies of life science related to Antarctica. In the Austral summer 1986–1987, a new thermophilic bacterium, Parageobacillus thermantarcticus strain M1 was isolated from geothermal soil of the crater of Mount Melbourne (74°22′ S, 164°40′ E) during the Italian Antarctic Expedition. In addition to the biotechnological potential due to the production of exopolysaccharides and thermostable enzymes, successful studies have demonstrated its use in the green chemistry for the transformation and valorization of residual biomass and its employment as a suitable microbial model for astrobiology studies. The recent acquisition of its genome sequence opens up new opportunities for the use of this versatile bacterium in still unexplored biotechnology sectors.
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Nesterenkonia natronophila sp. nov., an alkaliphilic actinobacterium isolated from a soda lake, and emended description of the genus Nesterenkonia. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2019; 69:1960-1966. [DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.003409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Romano I, Abbate M, Poli A, D'Orazio L. Bio-cleaning of nitrate salt efflorescence on stone samples using extremophilic bacteria. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1668. [PMID: 30733526 PMCID: PMC6367513 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38187-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
For the first time, we propose the use of an extremophilic bacterium to remove nitrate salt efflorescence from the surfaces of stone samples. A haloalkaliphilic bacterium was selected "ad hoc" for its ability to reduce nitrates; i.e. Halomonas campaniensis sp. nov., strain 5AGT (DSM 15293T, ATCC BAA-966T). Quantitative monitoring of nitrate content, on untreated and treated surfaces of stone samples artificially enriched with nitrate, as a function of incubation/treatment time, was carried out by molecular spectroscopy. The results obtained reveal the good performance of Halomonas campaniensis bacterium in decreasing nitrate concentration on stone surfaces both in a controlled laboratory environment for temperature and relative humidity and in a real outdoor environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Romano
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Abbate
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Annarita Poli
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Loredana D'Orazio
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy.
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Nesterenkonia endophytica sp. nov., isolated from roots of Glycyrrhiza uralensis. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2018; 68:2659-2663. [DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.002905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Panosyan H, Di Donato P, Poli A, Nicolaus B. Production and characterization of exopolysaccharides by Geobacillus thermodenitrificans ArzA-6 and Geobacillus toebii ArzA-8 strains isolated from an Armenian geothermal spring. Extremophiles 2018; 22:725-737. [DOI: 10.1007/s00792-018-1032-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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14
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Radchenkova N, Boyadzhieva I, Atanasova N, Poli A, Finore I, Di Donato P, Nicolaus B, Panchev I, Kuncheva M, Kambourova M. Extracellular polymer substance synthesized by a halophilic bacterium Chromohalobacter canadensis 28. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:4937-4949. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8901-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Poli A, Romano I, Mastascusa V, Buono L, Orlando P, Nicolaus B, Leone L, Hong KW, Chan KG, Goh KM, Pascual J. Vibrio coralliirubri sp. nov., a new species isolated from mucus of red coral (Corallium rubrum) collected at Procida island, Italy. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2018; 111:1105-1115. [PMID: 29299771 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-017-1013-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Strain Corallo1T was isolated from mucus of red coral (Corallium rubrum) at Punta Pizzaco (Procida island, Naples, Italy). It was characterised as a Gram-stain negative, motile, rod-shaped bacterium. Strain Corallo1T was found to show positive responses for cytochrome-c oxidase, catalase, reduction of nitrate and nitrite, β-galactosidase activity and hydrolysis of starch, xylan, peptone, Tween 40, Tween 80 and casein. Strain Corallo1T was found to be mesophilic, neutrophilic to alkalophilic and slightly halophilic. According to analysis of the almost-complete 16S rRNA gene, strain Corallo1T is closely related to Vibrio celticus (100% sequence similarity), Vibrio gigantis (100%), Vibrio crassostreae (99.7%), Vibrio artabrorum (99.7%) and Vibrio pomeroyi (99.6%). MLSA of five housekeeping genes (atpA, pyrH, recA, rpoA and rpoD) was performed to refine the phylogenetic relationships of strain Corallo1T. A draft genome sequence of strain Corallo1T was obtained. The DNA G+C content of this strain was determined to be 44.5 mol %. The major cellular fatty acids of strain Corallo1T are C16:1, n-C16:0 and C18:1, and the major isoprenoid ubiquinone is Q8. ANI indexes, in silico estimations of DDH values and wet lab DDH values demonstrated that strain Corallo1T represents an independent genomospecies. Based on a polyphasic taxonomic characterisation, strain Corallo1T is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Vibrio, for which the name Vibrio coralliirubri sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Corallo1T (= DSM 27495T = CIP 110630T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Annarita Poli
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (C.N.R.), Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (I.C.B.), via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Ida Romano
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (C.N.R.), Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (I.C.B.), via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenza Mastascusa
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (C.N.R.), Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (I.C.B.), via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Lorena Buono
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (C.N.R.), Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (I.C.B.), via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Pierangelo Orlando
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (C.N.R.), Institute of Applied Science and Intelligent Systems (I.S.A.S.I.-C.N.R.), via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Barbara Nicolaus
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (C.N.R.), Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (I.C.B.), via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Leone
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (C.N.R.), Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (I.C.B.), via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Kar Wai Hong
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kok-Gan Chan
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kian Mau Goh
- Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Javier Pascual
- Department of Microbial Ecology and Diversity Research, Leibniz-Institut DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH, Brunswick, Germany.
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Vitiello G, Zanfardino A, Tammaro O, Di Napoli M, Caso MF, Pezzella A, Varcamonti M, Silvestri B, D'Errico G, Costantini A, Luciani G. Bioinspired hybrid eumelanin–TiO2 antimicrobial nanostructures: the key role of organo–inorganic frameworks in tuning eumelanin's biocide action mechanism through membrane interaction. RSC Adv 2018; 8:28275-28283. [PMID: 35542468 PMCID: PMC9084248 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra04315a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrinsic biocide efficacy of eumelanins can be markedly enhanced through a templated formation in the presence of a TiO2-sol, leading to hybrid TiO2–melanin nanostructures. However, mechanisms and processes behind biocide activity still remain poorly understood. This paper discloses the fundamental mechanism of action of these systems providing mechanistic information on their peculiar interaction with Escherichia coli strains. To this purpose biocide characterization is combined with Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy to investigate radical species produced by the hybrids as well as their interactions with Gram(−) external bacterial membranes. Experimental results indicate that TiO2 mediated eumelanin polymerization leads to a peculiar mechanism of action of hybrid nanostructures, whose strong interactions with bacterial membranes enhance the action of reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by eumelanin degradation itself, also concurring with the final biocide action. These findings provide strategic information for the development of eumelanin-based systems with enhanced activity against drug-resistant strains. Hybrid TiO2/eumelanin nanostructures showed a peculiar biocide mechanism against Gram(−) bacteria, based on the ROS action, produced by eumelanin degradation under visible light irradiation, and the interactions with external bacterial membranes.![]()
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Finore I, Gioiello A, Leone L, Orlando P, Romano I, Nicolaus B, Poli A. Aeribacillus composti sp. nov., a thermophilic bacillus isolated from olive mill pomace compost. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2017; 67:4830-4835. [PMID: 28984237 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.002391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, thermophilic bacterium, strain N.8T, was isolated from the curing step of an olive mill pomace compost sample, collected at the Composting Experimental Centre (CESCO, Salerno, Italy). Strain N.8T, based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, was most closely related to Aeribacillus pallidus strain H12T (=DSM 3670T) (99.8 % similarity value) with a 25 % DNA-DNA relatedness value. Cells were rod-shaped, non-motile and grew optimally at 60 °C and pH 9.0, forming cream colonies. Strain N.8 was able to grow on medium containing up to 9.0 % (w/v) NaCl with an optimum at 6.0 % (w/v) NaCl. The cellular membrane contained MK-7, and C16 : 0 (48.4 %), iso-C17 : 0 (19.4 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (14.6 %) were the major cellular fatty acids. The DNA G+C content was 40.5 mol%. Based on phenotypic characteristics, 16S rRNA gene sequences, DNA-DNA hybridization values and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain N.8T represents a novel species of the genus Aeribacillus, for which the name Aeribacillus composti sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is N.8T (=KCTC 33824T=JCM 31580T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Finore
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (C.N.R.), Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (I.C.B.), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessia Gioiello
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (C.N.R.), Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (I.C.B.), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Leone
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (C.N.R.), Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (I.C.B.), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Pierangelo Orlando
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (C.N.R.), Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems (I.S.A.S.I.), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Ida Romano
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (C.N.R.), Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (I.C.B.), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Barbara Nicolaus
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (C.N.R.), Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (I.C.B.), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Annarita Poli
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (C.N.R.), Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (I.C.B.), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
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18
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Borsodi AK, Szili-Kovács T, Schumann P, Spröer C, Márialigeti K, Tóth E. Nesterenkonia pannonica sp. nov., a novel alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic actinobacterium. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2017; 67:4116-4120. [PMID: 28905704 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.002263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic bacterial strain characterized by optimal growth at pH 9.0-10.0 and with 5-7 % (w/v) NaCl, designated BV-35T, was isolated from water of a soda pan located in Kiskunság National Park, Hungary. Cells of the orange-pigmented colony were Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and non-endospore-forming coccoid rods. The isolate was strictly aerobic, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. Strain BV-35T displayed a peptidoglycan similar to type A4α, l-Lys-l-Glu (A11.54 according to www.peptidoglycan-types.info) but containing additionally 4-aminobutyric acid. Menaquinone-7 (MK-7) was the predominant isoprenoid quinone, and anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0 were its major cellular fatty acids. The DNA G+C content of strain BV-35T was 65.4 mol%. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, the novel isolate showed the closest relationship to Nesterenkonia populi GP 10-3T (97.9 %). The DNA-DNA relatedness between BV-35T and N. populi was 46.7 %. The distinguishing phenotypic and genetic results of this polyphasic study revealed that strain BV-35T represents a novel member of the genus Nesterenkonia, for which the name Nesterenkonia pannonica sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is BV-35T (=DSM 29786T=NCAIM B 02606T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea K Borsodi
- Department of Microbiology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. sétány 1/C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Szili-Kovács
- Institute for Soil Sciences and Agricultural Chemistry, Agricultural Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Herman Ottó út 15, H-1022 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter Schumann
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstrasse 7 B, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Cathrin Spröer
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstrasse 7 B, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Károly Márialigeti
- Department of Microbiology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. sétány 1/C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Erika Tóth
- Department of Microbiology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. sétány 1/C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
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Sultanpuram VR, Mothe T, Chintalapati S, Chintalapati VR. Nesterenkonia cremea sp. nov., a bacterium isolated from a soda lake. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2017; 67:1861-1866. [PMID: 28665262 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.001876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped, non-endospore-forming bacterial strain, 10CT, was isolated from Lonar soda lake in India. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, this strain was identified as belonging to the genus Nesterenkonia and was most closely related to the type strains of Nesterenkonia lacusekhoensis (99.1 %, sequence similarity), Nesterenkonia aethiopica (96.9 %), Nesterenkonia flava (96.9 %) and related of the genus Nesterenkonia (<96.6 %, sequence similarity). However, the DNA-DNA relatedness of strain 10CT with N. lacusekhoensis KCTC 19283T was only 34.6±0.9. The DNA G+C content of strain 10CT was 68.6 mol%. Strain 10CT was an aerobic microbe with optimal growth at 37 °C, pH 7.5-8.0 and 5-6 % (w/v) NaCl. The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain 10CT was of the type A4α (l-Lys-l-Glu). The major polar lipids present were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine. The major isoprenoid quinones were MK-7, MK-8 and MK-9. Major fatty acids of strain 10CT were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. The results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical tests allowed a clear differentiation of strain 10CT, which represents a novel member of the genus Nesterenkonia for which the name Nesterenkonia cremea sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 10CT (=LMG 29100T=KCTC 39636T=CGMCC 1.15388T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnuvardhan Reddy Sultanpuram
- Microbial Ecology Lab, Department of Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi University, Anneparthy, Yellareddygudem (PO), Nalgonda 508254, Telangana, India
| | - Thirumala Mothe
- Microbial Ecology Lab, Department of Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi University, Anneparthy, Yellareddygudem (PO), Nalgonda 508254, Telangana, India
| | - Sasikala Chintalapati
- Bacterial Discovery Laboratory, Centre for Environment, Institute of Science and Technology, J. N. T. University, Kukatpally, Hyderabad 500085, Telangana, India
| | - Venkata Ramana Chintalapati
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, P.O. Central University, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
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Di Donato P, Romano I, Mastascusa V, Poli A, Orlando P, Pugliese M, Nicolaus B. Survival and Adaptation of the Thermophilic Species Geobacillus thermantarcticus in Simulated Spatial Conditions. ORIGINS LIFE EVOL B 2017; 48:141-158. [PMID: 28593333 DOI: 10.1007/s11084-017-9540-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Astrobiology studies the origin and evolution of life on Earth and in the universe. According to the panspermia theory, life on Earth could have emerged from bacterial species transported by meteorites, that were able to adapt and proliferate on our planet. Therefore, the study of extremophiles, i.e. bacterial species able to live in extreme terrestrial environments, can be relevant to Astrobiology studies. In this work we described the ability of the thermophilic species Geobacillus thermantarcticus to survive after exposition to simulated spatial conditions including temperature's variation, desiccation, X-rays and UVC irradiation. The response to the exposition to the space conditions was assessed at a molecular level by studying the changes in the morphology, the lipid and protein patterns, the nucleic acids. G. thermantarcticus survived to the exposition to all the stressing conditions examined, since it was able to restart cellular growth in comparable levels to control experiments carried out in the optimal growth conditions. Survival was elicited by changing proteins and lipids distribution, and by protecting the DNA's integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Di Donato
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (C.N.R.), Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry ICB-CNR, Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy. .,Department of Science and Technology, University of Naples "Parthenope", Centro Direzionale, Isola C4, 80143, Naples, Italy.
| | - Ida Romano
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (C.N.R.), Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry ICB-CNR, Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenza Mastascusa
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (C.N.R.), Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry ICB-CNR, Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Annarita Poli
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (C.N.R.), Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry ICB-CNR, Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Pierangelo Orlando
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (C.N.R.), Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems ISASI-CNR, Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariagabriella Pugliese
- Department of Physics "Ettore Pancini", University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Barbara Nicolaus
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (C.N.R.), Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry ICB-CNR, Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
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Pb 2+ Effects on Growth, Lipids, and Protein and DNA Profiles of the Thermophilic Bacterium Thermus Thermophilus. Microorganisms 2016; 4:microorganisms4040045. [PMID: 27929414 PMCID: PMC5192528 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms4040045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Extremophiles are organisms able to thrive in extreme environmental conditions and some of them show the ability to survive high doses of heavy metals thanks to defensive mechanisms provided by primary and secondary metabolic products, i.e., extremolytes, lipids, and extremozymes. This is why there is a growing scientific and industrial interest in the use of thermophilic bacteria in a host of tasks, from the environmental detoxification of heavy metal to industrial activities, such as bio-machining and bio-metallurgy. In this work Thermus thermophilus was challenged against increasing Pb2+ concentrations spanning from 0 to 300 ppm in order to ascertain the sensitiveness of this bacteria to the Pb environmental pollution and to give an insight on its heavy metal resistance mechanisms. Analysis of growth parameters, enzyme activities, protein profiles, and lipid membrane modifications were carried out. In addition, genotyping analysis of bacteria grown in the presence of Pb2+, using random amplified polymorphic DNA-PCR and DNA melting evaluation, were also performed. A better knowledge of the response of thermophilic bacteria to the different pollutants, as heavy metals, is necessary for optimizing their use in remediation or decontamination processes.
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