Sphingobacterium chuzhouense sp. nov., isolated from farmland soil

Sphingobacterium micropteri sp. nov. and Sphingobacterium litopenaei sp. nov., isolated from aquaculture water

Two novel bacterial strains, designated as DN00404^T and DN04309^T, were isolated from aquaculture water and characterized by using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Cells of strains DN00404^T and DN04309^T were Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile, oxidase-positive and catalase-positive. Cells of DN00404^T were short rod-shaped and those of DN04309^T were long rod-shaped. Strain DN00404^T was found to grow at 15-37 °C (optimum, 25-30 °C), at pH 6.0-11.0 (optimum, pH 7.5) and in 0-2.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 1.0 %). Strain DN04309^T was found to grow at 15-45 °C (optimum, 20-37 °C), at pH 5.5-11.0 (optimum, 7.5) and in 0-4.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0.5 %). Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene and genome sequences revealed that the two strains belonged to the genus Sphingobacterium and were distinct from all known species of this genus. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between the two strains and between each of the two strains and related type strains of this genus were well below the recognized thresholds of 95.0-96.0 % ANI and 70.0 % dDDH for species delineation. The genomic DNA G+C contents of strains DN00404^T and DN04309^T were 41.6 and 36.0 mol%, respectively. The respiratory quinone in both strains was identified as MK-7, and their major fatty acids were iso-C_15 : 0 and summed feature 3 (C_16 : 1  ω6c and/or C_16 : 1  ω7c), which were similar to those of other species of this genus. The two major fatty acids C_16 : 0 and iso-C_17 : 0 3-OH were also found in strain DN00404^T. Based on genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, two novel species of the genus Sphingobacterium are proposed: Sphingobacterium micropteri sp. nov. with DN00404^T (=GDMCC 1.1865^T=KACC 21924^T) as the type strain and Sphingobacterium litopenaei sp. nov. with DN04309^T (=GDMCC 1.1984^T=KCTC 82348^T) as the type strain.

Sphingobacterium phlebotomi sp. nov., a new member of family Sphingobacteriaceae isolated from sand fly rearing substrate

A Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming, aerobic bacterium, designated type strain SSI9T, was isolated from sand fly (Phlebotomus papatasi Scopoli; Diptera: Psychodidae) rearing substrate and subjected to polyphasic taxonomic analysis. Strain SSI9T contained phosphatidylethanolamine as a major polar lipid, MK-7 as the predominant quinone, and C16 : 1ω6c/C16 : 1ω7c, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and C16 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acids. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that SSI9T represents a member of the genus Sphingobacterium, of the family Sphingobacteriaceae sharing 96.5-88.0 % sequence similarity with other species of the genus Sphingobacterium. The results of multilocus sequence analysis using the concatenated sequences of the housekeeping genes recA, rplC and groL indicated that SSI9T formed a separate branch in the genus Sphingobacterium. The genome of SSI9T is 5 197 142 bp with a DNA G+C content of 41.8 mol% and encodes 4395 predicted coding sequences, 49 tRNAs, and three complete rRNAs and two partial rRNAs. SSI9T could be distinguished from other species of the genus Sphingobacterium with validly published names by several phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genomic characteristics. On the basis of the results of this polyphasic taxonomic analysis, the bacterial isolate represents a novel species within the genus Sphingobacterium, for which the name Sphingobacterium phlebotomi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SSI9T (=ATCC TSD-210T=LMG 31664T=NRRL B-65603T).

Sphingomonas corticis sp. nov., and Sphingobacterium corticibacterium sp. nov., from bark canker

Two Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile bacterial strains, 36D10-4-7^T and 30C10-4-7^T, were isolated from bark canker tissue of Populus × euramericana, respectively. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain 36D10-4-7^T shows 98.0 % sequence similarity to Sphingomonas adhaesiva DSM 7418^T, and strain 30C10-4-7^T shows highest sequence similarity to Sphingobacterium arenae H-12^T (95.6 %). Average nucleotide identity analysis indicates that strain 36D10-4-7^T is a novel member different from recognized species in the genus Sphingomonas. The main fatty acids and respiratory quinone detected in strain 36D10-4-7^T are C_18 : 1  ω7c and/or C_18 : 1  ω6c and Q-10, respectively. The polar lipids are diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, aminolipid, phosphatidylethanolamine, sphingoglycolipid, two uncharacterized phospholipids and two uncharacterized lipids. For strain 30C10-4-7^T, the major fatty acids and menaquinone are iso-C_15 : 0, C_16 : 1  ω7c and/or C_16 : 1  ω6c and iso-C_17 : 0 3-OH and MK-7, respectively. The polar lipid profile includes phosphatidylethanolamine, phospholipids, two aminophospholipids and six unidentified lipids. Based on phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, these two strains represent two novel species within the genera Sphingomonas and Sphingobacterium. The name Sphingomonas corticis sp. nov. (type strain 36D10-4-7^T=CFCC 13112^T=KCTC 52799^T) and Sphingobacterium corticibacterium sp. nov. (type strain 30C10-4-7^T=CFCC 13069^T=KCTC 52797^T) are proposed.

Sphingobacterium haloxyli sp. nov., an endophytic bacterium isolated from Haloxylon ammodendron stems in Kumtag desert

A Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, aerobic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, bacterial strain, designated 5JN-11^T, was isolated from Haloxylonammodendron stems in Kumtag desert, Xinjiang province, China. Strain 5JN-11^T grew at salinities of 0-6 % (w/v; optimum 0-2 %), a pH of 7.0-9.0 (pH 7.0-8.0) and temperatures of 20-42 °C (28-30 °C). Based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, the strain was designated a member of the genus Sphingobacterium and the phylogenetic analysis showed that strain 5JN-11^T shared the highest similarity to Sphingobacterium gobiense H7^T, followed by Sphingobacterium chuzhouense DH-5^T and Sphingobacterium arenae H-12^T. The unfinished draft genome of strain 5JN-11^T was 4.69 Mb. The G+C content of strain 5JN-11^T was 42.8 mol%. The average nucleotide identity to S. gobiense H7^T was 90.5 %. The respiratory quinone was MK-7, and the major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphoglycolipid. The predominant cellular fatty acids were summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH. On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic evidence, strain 5JN-11^T represents a novel species in the genus Sphingobacterium, for which the name Sphingobacteriumhaloxyli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 5JN-11^T (=ACCC 60072^T=KCTC 62457^T).

Sphingobacterium humi sp. nov., isolated from soil

A Gram-stain-negative, facultatively aerobic bacterium, designated strain D1^T, was isolated from soil in South Korea. Cells of strain D1^T were non-motile rods with oxidase- and catalase-positive activities. Growth was observed at 15-40 °C (optimum, 30-37 °C), at pH 5.5-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0-8.0) and in the presence of 0.0-5.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0.0-1.0 %). The only respiratory quinone detected was menaquinone 7 (MK-7), and iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c) were identified as the major fatty acids. Phosphatidylethanolamine was the major polar lipid, and two unidentified glycophospholipids and four unidentified lipids were also detected as minor polar lipids. Sphingolipids, a typical chemotaxonomic feature of the genus Sphingobacterium, were detected. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 43.6 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain D1^T formed a phyletic lineage with Sphingobacterium hotanense XH4^T within the genus Sphingobacterium. Strain D1^T was most closely related to S. hotanense XH4^T (98.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Sphingobacterium cellulitidis R-53603^T (97.2 %), and the DNA-DNA relatedness level between strain D1^T and the type strain of S. cellulitidis was 43.1±0.7 %. Based on the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular features, strain D1^T clearly represents a novel species of the genus Sphingobacterium, for which the name Sphingobacterium humi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is D1^T (=KACC 18595^T=JCM 31225^T).

Sphingobacterium alkalisoli sp. nov., isolated from a saline-alkaline soil

A Gram-staining-negative, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterium designated Y3L14T was isolated from the saline-alkaline soil of a farmland, Inner Mongolia, northern China. Strain Y3L14T could grow at 10-40 °C (optimally at 30 °C), pH 6.0-10.0 (optimally at pH 8.0), and in the presence of 0-6.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimally with 0-2.0 %). Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene and DNA gyrase subunit B (gyrB) gene sequences revealed that strain Y3L14T clustered with strains belonging to the genus Sphingobacterium, sharing the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Sphingobacterium lactis WCC 4512T (94.99 %). Its major cellular fatty acids contained iso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and summed feature 3 (iso-C15 : 0 2-OH and/or C16 : 1ω7c). Menaquinone-7 (MK-7) was the only isoprenoid quinone. Strain Y3L14T contained phosphatidylethanolamine, sphingophospholipid, two unknown phospholipids and three unknown lipids as the major polar lipids. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain Y3L14T was 36.0 mol%. Based on the phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic characteristics, strain Y3L14T represents a novel species within the genus Sphingobacterium, for which Sphingobacterium alkalisoli sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is Y3L14T (=CGMCC 1.15782T=KCTC 52379T).