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Zhu AH, Song ZK, Wang JF, Guan HW, Ma HX. Multi-Locus Phylogeny and Morphology Reveal Two New Species of Hypoxylon (Hypoxylaceae, Xylariales) from Motuo, China. Microorganisms 2023; 12:72. [PMID: 38257899 PMCID: PMC10819716 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypoxylaceous fungi are abundant in China, but their discovery and report are uneven in various provinces, with more fungi in Yunnan and Hainan and fewer fungi in Tibet. During the investigation of macro-fungi in Motuo county, Tibet Autonomous Region, we collected a number of xylarialean specimens. Six hypoxylaceous specimens growing on dead angiosperm were collected from the forests of Motuo county, and they were described and illustrated as two new species in Hypoxylon based on a combination of morphological characters and molecular evidence. Hypoxylon diperithecium was characterized by its bistratal perithecia, purple-brown stromatal granules, citrine to rust KOH-extractable pigments, and light brown to brown ascospores ellipsoid-inequilateral with conspicuous coil-like ornamentation. Hypoxylon tibeticum was distinct from other species by having pulvinate and applanate stromata, surface vinaceous, with orange granules, orange KOH-extractable pigments, and brown ascospores with inconspicuous ornamentation. The multi-gene phylogenetic analyses (ITS-LSU-RPB2-TUB) supported the two new taxa as separate lineages in the genus Hypoxylon. A key to all known Hypoxylon taxa from China is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Hong Zhu
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou 571101, China; (A.-H.Z.); (Z.-K.S.); (J.-F.W.); (H.-W.G.)
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Zi-Kun Song
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou 571101, China; (A.-H.Z.); (Z.-K.S.); (J.-F.W.); (H.-W.G.)
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jun-Fang Wang
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou 571101, China; (A.-H.Z.); (Z.-K.S.); (J.-F.W.); (H.-W.G.)
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Hao-Wen Guan
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou 571101, China; (A.-H.Z.); (Z.-K.S.); (J.-F.W.); (H.-W.G.)
- School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Hai-Xia Ma
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou 571101, China; (A.-H.Z.); (Z.-K.S.); (J.-F.W.); (H.-W.G.)
- Haikou Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Haikou 571101, China
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Microbe Resources, Haikou 571101, China
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Li Z, Ma H, Hong Z, Zhang T, Cao M, Cui F, Grossart HP. Phytoplankton interspecific interactions modified by symbiotic fungi and bacterial metabolites under environmentally relevant hydrogen peroxide concentrations stress. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 246:120739. [PMID: 37844340 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which accumulates in water and triggers oxidative stress for aquatic microbes, has been shown to have profound impacts on planktonic microbial community dynamics including cyanobacterial bloom formation. Yet, potential effects of H2O2 on interspecific relationships of phytoplankton-microbe symbiotic interactions remain unclear. Here, we investigated effects of environmentally relevant H2O2 concentrations on interspecific microbial relationships in algae-microbe symbiosis. Microbes play a crucial role in the competition between M. aeruginosa and Chlorella vulgaris at low H2O2 concentrations (∼400 nM), in which fungi and bacteria protect Microcystis aeruginosa from oxidative stress. Moreover, H2O2 stimulated the synthesis and release of extracellular microcystin-LR from Microcystis aeruginosa, while intracellular microcystin-LR concentrations remained at a relatively constant level. In the presence of H2O2, loss of organoheterocyclic compounds, organic acids and ketones contributed to the growth of M. aeruginosa, but the reduction of vitamins inhibited it. Regulation of interspecific relationships by H2O2 is achieved by its action on fungal species and bacterial secretory metabolites. This study explored the response of phytoplankton interspecific relationships in symbiotic phytoplankton-microbe interactions to environmentally relevant H2O2 concentrations stress, providing a theoretical basis for understanding the formation of harmful-algae blooming and impact of photochemical properties of water on aquatic ecological safety and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Li
- College of Environment and Ecology, Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Hua Ma
- College of Environment and Ecology, Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China.
| | - Zhicheng Hong
- College of Environment and Ecology, Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- College of Environment and Ecology, Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Mingxing Cao
- College of Environment and Ecology, Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Fuyi Cui
- College of Environment and Ecology, Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Hans-Peter Grossart
- Plankton and Microbial Ecology, Leibniz Institute for Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Zur alten Fischerhuette 2, Neuglobsow 16775, Germany; Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Potsdam University, Maulbeerallee 2, Potsdam 14469, Germany
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Markussen Bjorbaekmo MF, Brodie J, Krabberød AK, Logares R, Fuss J, Fredriksen S, Wold-Dobbe A, Shalchian-Tabrizi K, Bass D. 18S rDNA gene metabarcoding of microeukaryotes and epi-endophytes in the holobiome of seven species of large brown algae. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2023; 59:859-878. [PMID: 37726938 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Brown algae (Phaeophyceae) are habitat-forming species in coastal ecosystems and include kelp forests and seaweed beds that support a wide diversity of marine life. Host-associated microbial communities are an integral part of phaeophyte biology, and whereas the bacterial microbial partners have received considerable attention, the microbial eukaryotes associated with brown algae have hardly been studied. Here, we used broadly targeted "pan-eukaryotic" primers (metabarcoding) to investigate brown algal-associated eukaryotes (the eukaryome). Using this approach, we aimed to investigate the eukaryome of seven large brown algae that are important and common species in coastal ecosystems. We also aimed to assess whether these macroalgae harbor novel eukaryotic diversity and to ascribe putative functional roles to the host-associated eukaryome based on taxonomic affiliation and phylogenetic placement. We detected a significant diversity of microeukaryotic and algal lineages associated with the brown algal species investigated. The operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were taxonomically assigned to 10 of the eukaryotic major supergroups, including taxonomic groups known to be associated with seaweeds as epibionts, endobionts, parasites, and commensals. Additionally, we revealed previously unrecorded sequence types, including novel phaeophyte OTUs, particularly in the Fucus spp. samples, that may represent fucoid genomic variants, sequencing artifacts, or undescribed epi-/endophytes. Our results provide baseline data and technical insights that will be useful for more comprehensive seaweed eukaryome studies investigating the evidently lineage-rich and functionally diverse symbionts of brown algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marit F Markussen Bjorbaekmo
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Section for Marine Biology, Oslo, Norway
- Natural History Museum (NHM), Science, London, UK
- Department of Biosciences, Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology (EVOGENE) and Centre for Integrative Microbial Evolution (CIME), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Anders K Krabberød
- Department of Biosciences, Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology (EVOGENE) and Centre for Integrative Microbial Evolution (CIME), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ramiro Logares
- Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Janina Fuss
- Department of Biosciences, Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology (EVOGENE) and Centre for Integrative Microbial Evolution (CIME), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stein Fredriksen
- Department of Biosciences, Section for Aquatic Biology and Toxicology (AQUA), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders Wold-Dobbe
- Department of Biosciences, Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology (EVOGENE) and Centre for Integrative Microbial Evolution (CIME), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kamran Shalchian-Tabrizi
- Department of Biosciences, Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology (EVOGENE) and Centre for Integrative Microbial Evolution (CIME), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - David Bass
- Natural History Museum (NHM), Science, London, UK
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Dorset, UK
- Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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Cedeño-Sanchez M, Charria-Girón E, Lambert C, Luangsa-ard JJ, Decock C, Franke R, Brönstrup M, Stadler M. Segregation of the genus Parahypoxylon (Hypoxylaceae, Xylariales) from Hypoxylon by a polyphasic taxonomic approach. MycoKeys 2023; 95:131-162. [DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.95.98125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
During a mycological survey of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, a fungal specimen that morphologically resembled the American species Hypoxylon papillatum was encountered. A polyphasic approach including morphological and chemotaxonomic together with a multigene phylogenetic study (ITS, LSU, tub2, and rpb2) of Hypoxylon spp. and representatives of related genera revealed that this strain represents a new species of the Hypoxylaceae. However, the multi-locus phylogenetic inference indicated that the new fungus clustered with H. papillatum in a separate clade from the other species of Hypoxylon. Studies by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography coupled to diode array detection and ion mobility tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-DAD-IM-MS/MS) were carried out on the stromatal extracts. In particular, the MS/MS spectra of the major stromatal metabolites of these species indicated the production of hitherto unreported azaphilone pigments with a similar core scaffold to the cohaerin-type metabolites, which are exclusively found in the Hypoxylaceae. Based on these results, the new genus Parahypoxylon is introduced herein. Aside from P. papillatum, the genus also includes P. ruwenzoriensesp. nov., which clustered together with the type species within a basal clade of the Hypoxylaceae together with its sister genus Durotheca.
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Yang Y, Luo W, Zhang W, Mridha MAU, Wijesinghe SN, McKenzie EHC, Wang Y. Cladosporium Species Associated with Fruit Trees in Guizhou Province, China. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9020250. [PMID: 36836364 PMCID: PMC9962058 DOI: 10.3390/jof9020250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
During an investigation of fungal diversity on fruit trees in Guizhou Province, 23 Cladosporium strains were isolated from various locations in Guizhou Province. Culture characteristics, morphology and molecular phylogenetic analysis of three genetic markers, namely, the internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS) of the rDNA, partial fragments of actin (act), and the translation elongation factor 1-α (tef1-ɑ) loci were used to characterize these isolates. Seven new Cladosporium species and new host records for five other species were introduced, with detailed descriptions and illustrations. This study showed that there is a rich diversity of Cladosporium spp. in fruit trees in Guizhou Province.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanqiao Yang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Agriculture College, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Wenmei Luo
- Department of Plant Pathology, Agriculture College, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Wensong Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Agriculture College, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | | | | | | | - Yong Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Agriculture College, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Correspondence: or
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Rojas-Gätjens D, Avey-Arroyo J, Chaverri P, Rojas-Jimenez K, Chavarría M. Differences in fungal communities in the fur of two- and three-toed sloths revealed by ITS metabarcoding. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2023; 169. [PMID: 36848210 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Sloths have dense fur on which insects, algae, bacteria and fungi coexist. Previous studies using cultivation-dependent methods and 18S rRNA sequencing revealed that the fungal communities in their furs comprise members of the phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. In this note, we increase the resolution and knowledge of the mycobiome inhabiting the fur of the two- (Choloepus hoffmanni) and three-toed (Bradypus variegatus) sloths. Targeted amplicon metagenomic analysis of ITS2 nrDNA sequences obtained from 10 individuals of each species inhabiting the same site revealed significant differences in the structure of their fungal communities and also in the alpha-diversity estimators. The results suggest a specialization by host species and that the host effect is stronger than that of sex, age and animal weight. Capnodiales were the dominant order in sloths' fur and Cladosporium and Neodevriesia were the most abundant genera in Bradypus and Choloepus, respectively. The fungal communities suggest that the green algae that inhabit the fur of sloths possibly live lichenized with Ascomycota fungal species. The data shown in this note offer a more detailed view of the fungal content in the fur of these extraordinary animals and could help explain other mutualistic relationships in this complex ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Rojas-Gätjens
- Centro Nacional de Innovaciones Biotecnológicas (CENIBiot), CeNAT-CONARE, 1174-1200, San José, Costa Rica
| | | | - Priscila Chaverri
- Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, 11501-2060, San José, Costa Rica.,Centro de Investigaciones en Productos Naturales (CIPRONA), Universidad de Costa Rica, 11501-2060, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Keilor Rojas-Jimenez
- Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, 11501-2060, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Max Chavarría
- Centro Nacional de Innovaciones Biotecnológicas (CENIBiot), CeNAT-CONARE, 1174-1200, San José, Costa Rica.,Centro de Investigaciones en Productos Naturales (CIPRONA), Universidad de Costa Rica, 11501-2060, San José, Costa Rica.,Escuela de Química, Universidad de Costa Rica, 11501-2060, San José, Costa Rica
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Song ZK, Zhu AH, Liu ZD, Qu Z, Li Y, Ma HX. Three New Species of Hypoxylon (Xylariales, Ascomycota) on a Multigene Phylogeny from Medog in Southwest China. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8050500. [PMID: 35628755 PMCID: PMC9146989 DOI: 10.3390/jof8050500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
During a survey of hypoxylaceous fungi in Medog county (Tibet Autonomous Region, China), three new species, including Hypoxylon damuense, Hypoxylon medogense, and Hypoxylon zangii, were described and illustrated based on morphological and multi-gene phylogenetic analyses. Hypoxylon damuense is characterized by its yellow-brown stromatal granules, light-brown to brown ascospores, and frequently indehiscent perispore. Hypoxylon medogense is morphologically and phylogenetically related to H. erythrostroma but differs in having larger ascospores with straight spore-length germ slit and conspicuously coil-like perispore ornamentation. Hypoxylon zangii shows morphological similarities to H. texense but differs in having Amber (47), Fulvous (43) and Sienna (8) KOH-extractable pigments and larger ascospores with straight spore-length germ slit. The multi-gene phylogenetic analyses inferred from the datasets of ITS-RPB2-LSU-TUB2 supported the three new taxa as separate lineages within Hypoxylon. A key to all known Hypoxylon species from China and related species worldwide is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Kun Song
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (Z.-K.S.); (Z.Q.)
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;
| | - An-Hong Zhu
- Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China;
| | - Zhen-Dong Liu
- Food Science College, Tibet Agriculture & Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi 860000, China;
| | - Zhi Qu
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (Z.-K.S.); (Z.Q.)
| | - Yu Li
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;
| | - Hai-Xia Ma
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (Z.-K.S.); (Z.Q.)
- Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou 571101, China
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Microbe Resources, Haikou 571101, China
- Correspondence:
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Multi-Gene Phylogeny and Taxonomy of Hypoxylon (Hypoxylaceae, Ascomycota) from China. DIVERSITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/d14010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The Hypoxylon species play an important ecological role in tropical rainforest as wood-decomposers, and some might have benefical effects on their hosts as endophytes. The present work concerns a survey of the genus Hypoxylon from Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park of China. Four new species: H. wuzhishanense, H. hainanense, H.chrysalidosporum, and H.cyclobalanopsidis, were discovered based on a combination of morphological characteristics and molecular data. Hypoxylon wuzhishanense is characterized by Rust pulvinate stromata, amyloid apical apparatus and brown ascospores, with most of the perispore being indehiscent in 10% KOH. Hypoxylon hainanense has effused–pulvinate and Violet stromata, amyloid apical apparatus, light-brown to brown ascospores with straight germ slit and dehiscent perispore. Hypoxylonchrysalidosporum is distinguished by glomerate to pulvinate stromata, highly reduced or absent inamyloid apical apparatus, and light-brown to brown ascospores with very conspicuous coil-like ornamentation. Hypoxyloncyclobalanopsidis has Livid Purple pulvinate stromata, highly reduced amyloid apical apparatus, faint bluing, brown ascospores and dehiscent perispore, and it grows on dead branches of Cyclobalanopsis. Detailed descriptions, illustrations, and contrasts with morphologically similar species are provided. Phylogenetic analyses inferred from ITS, RPB2, LSU, and β-tubulin sequences confirmed that the four new species are distinct within the genus Hypoxylon.
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