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Doté J, Joffret ML, Beta BN, Ait-Ahmed M, Banga-Mingo V, Knowles NJ, Jouvenet N, MBaïkoua MN, Gouandjika-Vasilache I, Bessaud M. Characterization of enteroviruses circulating among farm animals and children in Central African Republic. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2368212. [PMID: 38864685 PMCID: PMC11212570 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2368212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
To characterize enteroviruses (EVs) circulating in farm animals in Central African Republic (CAR), we screened 192 stools of animals under 12 months belonging to family farms located in or near Bangui. To assess whether EV exchanges exist between these animals and humans, we also screened 195 stools of children who lived in contact with farm animals, as well as control stools of 358 children with no contact with farm animals. EVs were typed based on their capsid sequences.In children, all EVs belonged to species A, B and C, with EV-Cs accounting for 60%. Some EV-Cs shared recent common ancestors with lineages of vaccine-derived poliovirus that emerged in the country in 2019-2020. In animals, we identified EV-Gs that belonged to 10 different types, including a previously unknown one that we named EV-G28, while no EV-E or EV-F were observed. The CAR EV-Gs were genetically closely related to specimens sampled in other continents and some of them harboured the torovirus-derived insertion already reported in some EV-Gs. The worldwide circulation of EV-Gs is likely due the massive international trade of live animals. Besides, two human EV-Cs (coxsackievirus A17 and coxsackievirus A24) were detected in pigs, suggesting that these viruses could cross the species barrier. Our work provides original data on the epidemiology and ecology of EVs circulating among herd animals in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joël Doté
- Institut Pasteur de Bangui, Laboratoire des virus entériques/rougeole, Bangui, Central African Republic
| | - Marie-Line Joffret
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Virus Sensing and Signaling Unit, Paris, France
- Laboratoire associé au Centre national de référence entérovirus/paréchovirus, Paris, France
| | - Bertille Ndombari Beta
- Institut Pasteur de Bangui, Laboratoire des virus entériques/rougeole, Bangui, Central African Republic
| | - Mohand Ait-Ahmed
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Pôle de coordination de la Recherche clinique, Paris, France
| | - Virginie Banga-Mingo
- Institut Pasteur de Bangui, Laboratoire des virus entériques/rougeole, Bangui, Central African Republic
| | | | - Nolwenn Jouvenet
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Virus Sensing and Signaling Unit, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Maël Bessaud
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Virus Sensing and Signaling Unit, Paris, France
- Laboratoire associé au Centre national de référence entérovirus/paréchovirus, Paris, France
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Glud HA, George S, Skovgaard K, Larsen LE. Zoonotic and reverse zoonotic transmission of viruses between humans and pigs. APMIS 2021; 129:675-693. [PMID: 34586648 PMCID: PMC9297979 DOI: 10.1111/apm.13178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Humans and pigs share a close contact relationship, similar biological traits, and one of the highest estimated number of viruses compared to other mammalian species. The contribution and directionality of viral exchange between humans and pigs remain unclear for some of these viruses, but their transmission routes are important to characterize in order to prevent outbreaks of disease in both host species. This review collects and assesses the evidence to determine the likely transmission route of 27 viruses between humans and pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Aagaard Glud
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sophie George
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kerstin Skovgaard
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lars Erik Larsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Pu X, Qian Y, Yu Y, Shen H. Echovirus plays a major role in natural recombination in the coxsackievirus B group. Arch Virol 2019; 164:853-860. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-4114-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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A systematic review of evidence that enteroviruses may be zoonotic. Emerg Microbes Infect 2018; 7:164. [PMID: 30258048 PMCID: PMC6158190 DOI: 10.1038/s41426-018-0159-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Enteroviruses infect millions of humans annually worldwide, primarily infants and children. With a high mutation rate and frequent recombination, enteroviruses are noted to evolve and change over time. Given the evidence that human enteroviruses are commonly found in other mammalian species and that some human and animal enteroviruses are genetically similar, it is possible that enzootic enteroviruses may also be infecting human populations. We conducted a systematic review of the English and Chinese literature published between 2007 and 2017 to examine evidence that enteroviruses may be zoonotic. Of the 2704 articles screened for inclusion, 16 articles were included in the final review. The review of these articles yielded considerable molecular evidence of zooanthroponosis transmission, particularly among non-human primates. While there were more limited instances of anthropozoonosis transmission, the available data support the biological plausibility of cross-species transmission and the need to conduct periodic surveillance at the human–animal interface.
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Bunke J, Receveur K, Oeser AC, Fickenscher H, Zell R, Krumbholz A. High genetic diversity of porcine enterovirus G in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. Arch Virol 2017; 163:489-493. [PMID: 29081014 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3612-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Between 2012 and 2015, 495 pooled snout swabs from fattening pigs raised in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, were screened for the presence of enterovirus G (EV-G) RNA. Nucleic acids were tested in diverse reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assays applying published oligonucleotide primers specific for the viral protein (VP) 1 and 2/4 encoding regions as well as for 3D polymerase. Phylogenetic analyses of VP1 revealed the presence of 12 EV-G types, three of which had highly divergent sequences suggesting putative new types. Co-circulation of EV-G types was observed in several pigsties. Thus, genetic diversity of EV-G was demonstrated in this small geographic area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Bunke
- Institut für Infektionsmedizin, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel und Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Brunswiker Straße 4, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kerstin Receveur
- Institut für Infektionsmedizin, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel und Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Brunswiker Straße 4, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ann Christin Oeser
- Institut für Infektionsmedizin, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel und Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Brunswiker Straße 4, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Helmut Fickenscher
- Institut für Infektionsmedizin, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel und Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Brunswiker Straße 4, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Roland Zell
- Sektion für Experimentelle Virologie, Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Friedrich Schiller Universität Jena und Universitätsklinikum Jena, Hans-Knöll-Straße 2, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Andi Krumbholz
- Institut für Infektionsmedizin, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel und Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Brunswiker Straße 4, 24105, Kiel, Germany.
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