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Huang P, Hou YQ, Wu JJ, Wang YD, Ye XY, Zang F, Yu RB, Yang S. Genetic Mutations in TNFSF11 Were Associated With the Chronicity of Hepatitis C Among Chinese Han Population. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:743406. [PMID: 34660648 PMCID: PMC8517249 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.743406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Recently, several studies have reported that the host immune response can be related to the RANKL/RANK/OPG signaling pathway. However, the associations of TNFSF11, TNFRSF11A, and TNFRSF11B gene polymorphisms in the RANKL/RANK/OPG pathway with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection outcomes remain unclear. Methods: In this case-control study, 768 persistent HCV infection and 503 spontaneous HCV clearance cases, and 1,259 control subjects were included. The Taman-MGB probe method was utilized to detect TNFSF11 rs9525641, TNFRSF11A rs8686340, and TNFRSF11B rs2073618 genotypes. The distribution of three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) genotypes was analyzed using stata14.0. Results: SNPs rs9525641, rs8086340, and rs2073618 genotype frequencies followed the Hardy-Weinberg natural population equilibrium (p = 0.637, 0.250, and 0.113, respectively). Also, rs9525641 was significantly associated with HCV chronicity risk in recessive (OR = 1.203, 95% CI: 1.018–1.420, p = 0.030) and additive models (OR = 1.545, 95% CI: 1.150–2.075, p = 0.004). The stratified analysis showed that rs9525641 variant genotypes were associated with HCV chronicity among people older than 50 years (OR =1.562, 95% CI: 1.079–2.262, p = 0.018), females (OR = 1.667, 95% CI: 1.145–2.429, p = 0.008), ALT <40 U/L (OR = 1.532, 95% CI: 1.074–2.286, p = 0.018), and AST < 40 U/L (OR = 1.552, 95% CI: 1.095–2.201, p = 0.014). Conclusion:TNFRSF11 rs9525641 was significantly associated with HCV chronicity in the Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Qing Hou
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing-Jing Wu
- Department of Environmental Health, Yangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Di Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Ye
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Zang
- Infection Management Office of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rong-Bin Yu
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sheng Yang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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2
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Huang HC, Liao CC, Wang SH, Lee IJ, Lee TA, Hsu JM, Kuo CT, Wang J, Hsieh WC, Chang SJ, Chen SY, Tao MH, Lin YL, Lai YJ, Li CW. Hyperglycosylated spike of SARS-CoV-2 gamma variant induces breast cancer metastasis. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:4994-5005. [PMID: 34765306 PMCID: PMC8569360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 exploits the host cellular machinery for virus replication leading to the acute syndrome of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Growing evidence suggests SARS-CoV-2 also exacerbates many chronic diseases, including cancers. As mutations on the spike protein (S) emerged as dominant variants that reduce vaccine efficacy, little is known about the relation between SARS-CoV-2 virus variants and cancers. Compared to the SARS-CoV-2 wild-type, the Gamma variant contains two additional NXT/S glycosylation motifs on the S protein. The hyperglycosylated S of Gamma variant is more stable, resulting in more significant epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) potential. SARS-CoV-2 infection promoted NF-κB signaling activation and p65 nuclear translocation, inducing Snail expression. Pharmacologic inhibition of NF-κB activity by nature food compound, I3C suppressed viral replication and Gamma variant-mediated breast cancer metastasis, indicating that NF-κB inhibition can reduce chronic disease in COVID-19 patients. Our study revealed that the Gamma variant of SARS-CoV-2 activates NF-κB and, in turn, triggers the pro-survival function for cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Chi Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia SinicaTaipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Che Liao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia SinicaTaipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Han Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia SinicaTaipei 115, Taiwan
| | - I-Jung Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia SinicaTaipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Te-An Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia SinicaTaipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Mao Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical UniversityTaichung 406040, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Tse Kuo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia SinicaTaipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Jyun Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia SinicaTaipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Chen Hsieh
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia SinicaTaipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Jyh Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hsinchu MacKay Memorial HospitalHsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yu Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia SinicaTaipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Mi-Hua Tao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia SinicaTaipei 115, Taiwan
- Biomedical Translational Research Center, Academia SinicaTaipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia SinicaTaipei 115, Taiwan
- Biomedical Translational Research Center, Academia SinicaTaipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ju Lai
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia SinicaTaipei 115, Taiwan
- Solomont School of Nursing, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell113 Wilder Street, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Chia-Wei Li
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia SinicaTaipei 115, Taiwan
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3
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Galal G, Tammam H, Abdel Aal A, Fahmy N, Sheneef A, Ahmed N, Zaghloul A. Role of Lymphotoxin-α Gene Polymorphism in Hepatitis C Virus-Related Chronic Liver Disorders. Infect Drug Resist 2021; 14:1921-1930. [PMID: 34079302 PMCID: PMC8164674 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s306879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family includes lymphotoxin-alpha (LTA) which is a pro-inflammatory cytokine which plays a role in hepatic fibrogenesis. LTA gene polymorphism plays a role in different inflammatory and immunomodulatory diseases. This polymorphism is also suggested to affect chronic hepatitis C (CHC) infection course. Aim To study the contribution of LTA gene polymorphism in different chronic hepatitis C stages and hepatocellular carcinoma risk. Patients and Methods Our study included 108 chronic HCV patients grouped according to the disease stage. Group (A): CHC, group (B): liver cirrhosis (LC), group (C): LC with HCC, and group (D): healthy controls. Routine laboratory investigations, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for quantification of HCV, abdominal ultrasonography, and Liver stiffness measurement (LSM) were done. Child–Turcotte–Pugh, Model for end-stage liver disease (MELD), and Fibrosis index based on 4 (FIB-4) scores were calculated. We used the PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique for lymphotoxin-α genotyping. Results The A/G genotype was predominant in all groups. In HCC patients, G/G genotype was more frequent (31.8%) than in the LC group (19.4%), CHC group (17.8%), and controls (4.17%). A significant association was found between LTA genotypes and the child classes in HCC (P<0.01) but not in LC patients (P>0.05). HCC patients carrying A/G genotype had higher MELD scores than other genotypes. Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis confirmed that LTA G/G genotype and low platelet count were independent predictors for HCC development in patients with HCV-related LC. Conclusion Detection of LTA G/G genotype in chronic HCV patients could help to recognize high-risk patients for disease progression and HCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada Galal
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Hammam Tammam
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Amal Abdel Aal
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Nahed Fahmy
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Abeer Sheneef
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Nagwa Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Amr Zaghloul
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
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4
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Therapeutic targets and biological mechanisms of action of curcumin against Zika virus: In silico and in vitro analyses. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 904:174144. [PMID: 33957087 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus, that could cause congenital Zika syndrome (CZS), characterized by microcephaly, neurological complications and fetal deaths. No specific treatments for ZIKV are currently available, highlighting the urgent global need to identify and develop therapeutic agents. Drug repositioning of approved natural compounds can provide effective alternative solutions for novel antiviral development. The current study focused on curcumin, a component of turmeric known to exert diverse antiviral effects. We integrated in silico information from publicly available databases to predict interactions between curcumin and potential targets of ZIKV. In our network analysis, we identified four targets, TP53, AKT1, PTEN, and TNF, which were identified as potential targets associated with ZIKV. Based on retrieved targets, we performed molecular docking study and identified curcumin-TNF showed the strongest binding among four targets. The anti-Zika effects of curcumin were validated in vitro with the aid of antiviral and plaque reduction assay. Curcumin at concentrations ranging from 12.5 to 50 μM displayed significant antiviral activity in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05). In view of its natural abundance and prevalence in the human diet, curcumin holds significant promise for treatment of ZIKV infections.
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5
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Fischer L, Lucendo-Villarin B, Hay DC, O’Farrelly C. Human PSC-Derived Hepatocytes Express Low Levels of Viral Pathogen Recognition Receptors, but Are Capable of Mounting an Effective Innate Immune Response. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113831. [PMID: 32481600 PMCID: PMC7312201 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocytes are key players in the innate immune response to liver pathogens but are challenging to study because of inaccessibility and a short half-life. Recent advances in in vitro differentiation of hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) facilitated studies of hepatocyte-pathogen interactions. Here, we aimed to define the anti-viral innate immune potential of human HLCs with a focus on toll-like receptor (TLR)-expression and the presence of a metabolic switch. We analysed cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor (PRR)- and endosomal TLR-expression and activity and adaptation of HLCs to an inflammatory environment. We found that transcript levels of retinoic acid inducible gene I (RIG-I), melanoma differentiation antigen 5 (MDA5), and TLR3 became downregulated during differentiation, indicating the acquisition of a more tolerogenic phenotype, as expected in healthy hepatocytes. HLCs responded to activation of RIG-I by producing interferons (IFNs) and IFN-stimulated genes. Despite low-level expression of TLR3, receptor expression was upregulated in an inflammatory environment. TLR3 signalling induced expression of proinflammatory cytokines at the gene level, indicating that several PRRs need to interact for successful innate immune activation. The inflammatory responsiveness of HLCs was accompanied by the downregulation of cytochrome P450 3A and 1A2 activity and decreased serum protein production, showing that the metabolic switch seen in primary hepatocytes during anti-viral responses is also present in HLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Fischer
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland;
| | | | - David C. Hay
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK;
- Correspondence: (D.C.H.); (C.O.)
| | - Cliona O’Farrelly
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland;
- School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Correspondence: (D.C.H.); (C.O.)
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6
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Qi X, Li Z, Li H, Wang T, Zhang Y, Wang J. MicroRNA-1 Negatively Regulates Peripheral NK Cell Function via Tumor Necrosis Factor-Like Weak Inducer of Apoptosis (TWEAK) Signaling Pathways During PPRV Infection. Front Immunol 2020; 10:3066. [PMID: 32038620 PMCID: PMC6989477 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.03066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) has emerged as a significant threat to the productivity of small ruminants worldwide. PPRV is lymphotropic in nature and induces in the hosts a transient but severe immunosuppression, especially innate immunity. However, it remains largely unknown how NK cells respond and are regulated at the earliest time points after an acute viral PPRV infection in goats. In this study, we revealed that multiple immune responses of goat peripheral NK cells were compromised during PPRV infection, including the cytolytic effector molecule expression and cytokine production. Importantly, we demonstrated that PPRV infection stimulated the expression of TWEAK, a negative regulator of cytotoxic function of NK cells, which may be involved in the suppression of cytotoxicity as well as cytokine production in infected goat NK cells. Furthermore, we found that PPRV infection induced TWEAK expression in goat NK cells involving post-transcription by suppressing miR-1, a novel negative miRNA directly targeting the TWEAK gene. Moreover, replication of virus is required for inhibition of miR-1 expression during PPRV infection, and the non-structural V protein of PPRV plays an important role in miR-1 mediated TWEAK upregulation. Additionally, we revealed that the regulation of NK cell immune responses by TWEAK is mediated by MyD88, SOCS1, and STAT3. Taken together, our results demonstrated that TWEAK may play a key role in regulating goat peripheral NK cell cytotoxicity and cytokine expression levels during PPRV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Qi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zhen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Huan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yanming Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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7
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Morgan K, Gamal W, Samuel K, Morley SD, Hayes PC, Bagnaninchi P, Plevris JN. Application of Impedance-Based Techniques in Hepatology Research. J Clin Med 2019; 9:jcm9010050. [PMID: 31878354 PMCID: PMC7019217 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There are a variety of end-point assays and techniques available to monitor hepatic cell cultures and study toxicity within in vitro models. These commonly focus on one aspect of cell metabolism and are often destructive to cells. Impedance-based cellular assays (IBCAs) assess biological functions of cell populations in real-time by measuring electrical impedance, which is the resistance to alternating current caused by the dielectric properties of proliferating of cells. While the uses of IBCA have been widely reported for a number of tissues, specific uses in the study of hepatic cell cultures have not been reported to date. IBCA monitors cellular behaviour throughout experimentation non-invasively without labelling or damage to cell cultures. The data extrapolated from IBCA can be correlated to biological events happening within the cell and therefore may inform drug toxicity studies or other applications within hepatic research. Because tight junctions comprise the blood/biliary barrier in hepatocytes, there are major consequences when these junctions are disrupted, as many pathologies centre around the bile canaliculi and flow of bile out of the liver. The application of IBCA in hepatology provides a unique opportunity to assess cellular polarity and patency of tight junctions, vital to maintaining normal hepatic function. Here, we describe how IBCAs have been applied to measuring the effect of viral infection, drug toxicity /IC50, cholangiopathies, cancer metastasis and monitoring of the gut-liver axis. We also highlight key areas of research where IBCAs could be used in future applications within the field of hepatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Morgan
- The University of Edinburgh Hepatology Laboratory, Division of Heath Sciences, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Chancellor’s Building, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK; (S.D.M.); (P.C.H.); (J.N.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Wesam Gamal
- James Nasmyth Building, Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering, Heriot-Watt University School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK;
| | - Kay Samuel
- The Jack Copland Centre, Advanced Therapeutics, Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, 52 Research Avenue North, Edinburgh EH14 4BE, UK;
| | - Steven D. Morley
- The University of Edinburgh Hepatology Laboratory, Division of Heath Sciences, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Chancellor’s Building, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK; (S.D.M.); (P.C.H.); (J.N.P.)
| | - Peter C. Hayes
- The University of Edinburgh Hepatology Laboratory, Division of Heath Sciences, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Chancellor’s Building, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK; (S.D.M.); (P.C.H.); (J.N.P.)
| | - Pierre Bagnaninchi
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK;
| | - John N. Plevris
- The University of Edinburgh Hepatology Laboratory, Division of Heath Sciences, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Chancellor’s Building, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK; (S.D.M.); (P.C.H.); (J.N.P.)
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8
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Hou Q, Zhu S, Zhang C, Huang Y, Guo Y, Li P, Chen X, Wen Y, Han Q, Liu F. Berberine improves intestinal epithelial tight junctions by upregulating A20 expression in IBS-D mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 118:109206. [PMID: 31306972 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate effects of berberine exerts on A20 expression and regulation of intestinal epithelial tight junctions via the TNF-α-NF-κB-MLCK pathway in Diarrhea-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS-D). C57BL/6 wild type (WT) and A20 IEC-KO mice (48 each) were randomly divided into normal control (NC), model control (MC), rifaximin and berberine groups (12 mice per group). An experimental model of IBS-D was established using 4% acetic acid and evaluated by haematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. rifaximin and berberine mice were treated with rifaximin and berberine, respectively. Intestinal epithelial space of WT berberine mice improved more than A20 IEC-KO berberine mice compared to MC mice. WT berberine mice exhibited greater expression of A20 compared with MC mice(P < 0.01). TNF-α, NF-kB p65, MLCK, MLC, TRAF6 and RIP1 levels in A20 IEC-KO and WT berberine mice were all decreased compared to MC mice(P all<0.05). NF-κB p65, MLCK and TRAF6 levels were increased in A20 IEC-KO berberine mice as compared to WT berberine mice (P all<0.05). Intestinal epithelial levels of occludin, claudin-1, ZO-1 and F-actin increased in all berberine mice (P all<0.01-0.05), while occludin, claudin-1, and ZO-1 levels were lower in A20 IEC-KO berberine mice(P < 0.05). Berberine downregulates abnormal activation of the TNF-α-NF-κB-MLCK pathway by upregulating expression of A20 in a mouse model of IBS-D, thereby protecting intestinal epithelial tight junctions and repairing the damage IBS-D causes to the intestinal epithelial barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuke Hou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Shuilian Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Changrong Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yongquan Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yajuan Guo
- Inernational Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Peiwu Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xinlin Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Health Statistics, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yi Wen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Quanbin Han
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Fengbin Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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9
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Benedikz EK, Bailey D, Cook CNL, Gonçalves-Carneiro D, Buckner MMC, Blair JMA, Wells TJ, Fletcher NF, Goodall M, Flores-Langarica A, Kingsley RA, Madsen J, Teeling J, Johnston SL, MacLennan CA, Balfe P, Henderson IR, Piddock LJV, Cunningham AF, McKeating JA. Bacterial flagellin promotes viral entry via an NF-kB and Toll Like Receptor 5 dependent pathway. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7903. [PMID: 31133714 PMCID: PMC6536546 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44263-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses and bacteria colonize hosts by invading epithelial barriers. Recent studies have shown that interactions between the microbiota, pathogens and the host can potentiate infection through poorly understood mechanisms. Here, we investigated whether diverse bacterial species could modulate virus internalization into host cells, often a rate-limiting step in establishing infections. Lentiviral pseudoviruses expressing influenza, measles, Ebola, Lassa or vesicular stomatitis virus envelope glycoproteins enabled us to study entry of viruses that exploit diverse internalization pathways. Salmonella Typhimurium, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa significantly increased viral uptake, even at low bacterial frequencies. This did not require bacterial contact with or invasion of host cells. Studies determined that the bacterial antigen responsible for this pro-viral activity was the Toll-Like Receptor 5 (TLR5) agonist flagellin. Exposure to flagellin increased virus attachment to epithelial cells in a temperature-dependent manner via TLR5-dependent activation of NF-ΚB. Importantly, this phenotype was both long lasting and detectable at low multiplicities of infection. Flagellin is shed from bacteria and our studies uncover a new bystander role for this protein in regulating virus entry. This highlights a new aspect of viral-bacterial interplay with significant implications for our understanding of polymicrobial-associated pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth K Benedikz
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Dalan Bailey
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,The Pirbright Institute, Guildford, Surrey, UK
| | - Charlotte N L Cook
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Michelle M C Buckner
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jessica M A Blair
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Timothy J Wells
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Nicola F Fletcher
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Margaret Goodall
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | | | - Jens Madsen
- Department of Child Health, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Jessica Teeling
- Biological Sciences, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Calman A MacLennan
- Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Peter Balfe
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ian R Henderson
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Laura J V Piddock
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Adam F Cunningham
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jane A McKeating
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK. .,Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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10
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Manickam C, Shah SV, Lucar O, Ram DR, Reeves RK. Cytokine-Mediated Tissue Injury in Non-human Primate Models of Viral Infections. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2862. [PMID: 30568659 PMCID: PMC6290327 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral infections trigger robust secretion of interferons and other antiviral cytokines by infected and bystander cells, which in turn can tune the immune response and may lead to viral clearance or immune suppression. However, aberrant or unrestricted cytokine responses can damage host tissues, leading to organ dysfunction, and even death. To understand the cytokine milieu and immune responses in infected host tissues, non-human primate (NHP) models have emerged as important tools. NHP have been used for decades to study human infections and have played significant roles in the development of vaccines, drug therapies and other immune treatment modalities, aided by an ability to control disease parameters, and unrestricted tissue access. In addition to the genetic and physiological similarities with humans, NHP have conserved immunologic properties with over 90% amino acid similarity for most cytokines. For example, human-like symptomology and acute respiratory syndrome is found in cynomolgus macaques infected with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus, antibody enhanced dengue disease is common in neotropical primates, and in NHP models of viral hepatitis cytokine-induced inflammation induces severe liver damage, fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma recapitulates human disease. To regulate inflammation, anti-cytokine therapy studies in NHP are underway and will provide important insights for future human interventions. This review will provide a comprehensive outline of the cytokine-mediated exacerbation of disease and tissue damage in NHP models of viral infections and therapeutic strategies that can aid in prevention/treatment of the disease syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cordelia Manickam
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Spandan V. Shah
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Olivier Lucar
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Daniel R. Ram
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - R. Keith Reeves
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
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Regulated Entry of Hepatitis C Virus into Hepatocytes. Viruses 2017; 9:v9050100. [PMID: 28486435 PMCID: PMC5454413 DOI: 10.3390/v9050100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a model for the study of virus–host interaction and host cell responses to infection. Virus entry into hepatocytes is the first step in the HCV life cycle, and this process requires multiple receptors working together. The scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) and claudin-1 (CLDN1), together with human cluster of differentiation (CD) 81 and occludin (OCLN), constitute the minimal set of HCV entry receptors. Nevertheless, HCV entry is a complex process involving multiple host signaling pathways that form a systematic regulatory network; this network is centrally controlled by upstream regulators epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and transforming growth factor β receptor (TGFβ-R). Further feedback regulation and cell-to-cell spread of the virus contribute to the chronic maintenance of HCV infection. A comprehensive and accurate disclosure of this critical process should provide insights into the viral entry mechanism, and offer new strategies for treatment regimens and targets for HCV therapeutics.
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