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Rojas JJ, Van Hoecke L, Conesa M, Bueno-Merino C, Del Canizo A, Riederer S, Barcia M, Brosinski K, Lehmann MH, Volz A, Saelens X, Sutter G. A new MVA ancestor-derived oncolytic vaccinia virus induces immunogenic tumor cell death and robust antitumor immune responses. Mol Ther 2024:S1525-0016(24)00316-2. [PMID: 38734899 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Vaccinia viruses (VACVs) are versatile therapeutic agents and different features of various VACV strains allow for a broad range of therapeutic applications. Modified VACV Ankara (MVA) is a particularly altered VACV strain that is highly immunogenic, incapable of replicating in mammalian hosts, and broadly used as a safe vector for vaccination. Alternatively, Western Reserve (WR) or Copenhagen (Cop) are VACV strains that efficiently replicate in cancer cells and, therefore, are used to develop oncolytic viruses. However, the immune evasion capacity of WR or Cop hinders their ability to elicit antitumor immune responses, which is crucial for efficacy in the clinic. Here, we describe a new VACV strain named Immune-Oncolytic VACV Ankara (IOVA), which combines efficient replication in cancer cells with induction of immunogenic tumor cell death (ICD). IOVA was engineered from an MVA ancestor and shows superior cytotoxicity in tumor cells. In addition, the IOVA genome incorporates mutations that lead to massive fusogenesis of tumor cells, which contributes to improved antitumor effects. In syngeneic mouse tumor models, the induction of ICD results in robust antitumor immunity directed against tumor neo-epitopes and eradication of large established tumors. These data present IOVA as an improved immunotherapeutic oncolytic vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J Rojas
- Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapies, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona - UB, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Immunity, Inflammation, and Cancer Group, Oncobell Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Division of Virology, Institute for Infection Medicine and Zoonoses, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, 85764 Oberschleiβheim, Germany.
| | - Lien Van Hoecke
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Miquel Conesa
- Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapies, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona - UB, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Immunity, Inflammation, and Cancer Group, Oncobell Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Carmen Bueno-Merino
- Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapies, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona - UB, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Immunity, Inflammation, and Cancer Group, Oncobell Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Ana Del Canizo
- Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapies, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona - UB, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Immunity, Inflammation, and Cancer Group, Oncobell Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Stephanie Riederer
- Division of Virology, Institute for Infection Medicine and Zoonoses, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, 85764 Oberschleiβheim, Germany
| | - Maria Barcia
- Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapies, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona - UB, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Immunity, Inflammation, and Cancer Group, Oncobell Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Katrin Brosinski
- Division of Virology, Institute for Infection Medicine and Zoonoses, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, 85764 Oberschleiβheim, Germany
| | - Michael H Lehmann
- Division of Virology, Institute for Infection Medicine and Zoonoses, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, 85764 Oberschleiβheim, Germany
| | - Asisa Volz
- Division of Virology, Institute for Infection Medicine and Zoonoses, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, 85764 Oberschleiβheim, Germany; Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Xavier Saelens
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gerd Sutter
- Division of Virology, Institute for Infection Medicine and Zoonoses, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, 85764 Oberschleiβheim, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
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Desingu PA, Rubeni TP, Nagarajan K, Sundaresan NR. Molecular evolution of 2022 multi-country outbreak-causing monkeypox virus Clade IIb. iScience 2024; 27:108601. [PMID: 38188513 PMCID: PMC10770499 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The monkeypox virus (Mpoxv) Clade IIb viruses that caused an outbreak in 2017-18 in Nigeria and its genetically related viruses have been detected in many countries and caused multi-country outbreak in 2022. Since the pandemic-causing Mpoxv Clade IIb viruses are closely related to Clade IIa viruses which mostly cause endemic, the Clade IIb Mpoxv might have certain specific genetic variations that are still largely unknown. Here, we have systematically analyzed genetic alterations in different clades of Mpox viruses. The results suggest that the Mpoxv Clade IIb have genetic variations in terms of genomic gaps, frameshift mutations, in-frame nonsense mutations, amino acid tandem repeats, and APOBEC3 mutations. Further, we observed specific genetic variations in the multiple genes specific for Clade I and Clade IIb, and exclusive genetic variations for Clade IIa and Clade IIb. Collectively, findings shed light on the evolution and genetic variations in the outbreak of 2022 causing Mpoxv Clade IIb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perumal Arumugam Desingu
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | | | - K. Nagarajan
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Madras Veterinary College, Vepery, Chennai 600007, Tamil Nadu
- Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (TANUVAS)
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Yu Z, Zou X, Deng Z, Zhao M, Gu C, Fu L, Xiao W, He M, He L, Yang Q, Liang S, Wen C, Lü M. Genome analysis of the mpox (formerly monkeypox) virus and characterization of core/variable regions. Genomics 2024; 116:110763. [PMID: 38110129 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2023.110763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Since smallpox was eradicated in 1980, the monkeypox virus (MPXV) has emerged as the most threatening orthopoxvirus in the world. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the currently published complete genome sequences of the monkeypox virus. The core/variable regions were identified through core-pan analysis of MPXV. Besides single-nucleotide polymorphisms, our study also revealed that specific genes, multi-copy genes, repeat sequences, and recombination fragments are primarily distributed in the variable region. This result suggests that variable regions are not only more susceptible to single-base mutations, but also to events such as gene loss or gain, as well as recombination. Taken together, our results demonstrate the genomic characteristics of the core/variable regions of MPXV, and contribute to our understanding of the evolution of MPXV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehui Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, PR China; Laboratory Animal Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China; Scholl of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China; Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaoxia Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, PR China; Suining First People's Hospital, Suining, PR China
| | - Zhaobin Deng
- Department of Medicine and Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Mingde Zhao
- Laboratory Animal Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China; Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, PR China
| | - Congwei Gu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China; Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, PR China
| | - Lu Fu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Wudian Xiao
- Laboratory Animal Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China; Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, PR China
| | - Manli He
- Laboratory Animal Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China; Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, PR China
| | - Lvqin He
- Laboratory Animal Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China; Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, PR China
| | - Qian Yang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China; Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, PR China
| | - Sicheng Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, PR China; Human Microecology and Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, PR China
| | - Chengli Wen
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, PR China.
| | - Muhan Lü
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, PR China; Human Microecology and Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, PR China.
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Zhao Y, Lu Y, Richardson S, Sreekumar M, Albarnaz JD, Smith GL. TRIM5α restricts poxviruses and is antagonized by CypA and the viral protein C6. Nature 2023; 620:873-880. [PMID: 37558876 PMCID: PMC10447239 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06401-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Human tripartite motif protein 5α (TRIM5α) is a well-characterized restriction factor for some RNA viruses, including HIV1-5; however, reports are limited for DNA viruses6,7. Here we demonstrate that TRIM5α also restricts orthopoxviruses and, via its SPRY domain, binds to the orthopoxvirus capsid protein L3 to diminish virus replication and activate innate immunity. In response, several orthopoxviruses, including vaccinia, rabbitpox, cowpox, monkeypox, camelpox and variola viruses, deploy countermeasures. First, the protein C6 binds to TRIM5 via the RING domain to induce its proteasome-dependent degradation. Second, cyclophilin A (CypA) is recruited via interaction with the capsid protein L3 to virus factories and virions to antagonize TRIM5α; this interaction is prevented by cyclosporine A (CsA) and the non-immunosuppressive derivatives alisporivir and NIM811. Both the proviral effect of CypA and the antiviral effect of CsA are dependent on TRIM5α. CsA, alisporivir and NIM811 have antiviral activity against orthopoxviruses, and because these drugs target a cellular protein, CypA, the emergence of viral drug resistance is difficult. These results warrant testing of CsA derivatives against orthopoxviruses, including monkeypox and variola.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqi Zhao
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yongxu Lu
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Jonas D Albarnaz
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Geoffrey L Smith
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- The Pirbright Institute, Surrey, UK.
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences-Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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