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Alfaifi A, Brooks JK, Jabra-Rizk MA, Meiller TF, Sultan AS. Does Candida auris colonize the oral cavity? A retrospective institutional experience. Oral Dis 2023:10.1111/odi.14720. [PMID: 37660359 PMCID: PMC10908870 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Areej Alfaifi
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
- Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - John K. Brooks
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | - Mary Ann Jabra-Rizk
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | - Timothy F. Meiller
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
- University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | - Ahmed S. Sultan
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
- University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
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Ramírez JD, Wang CY, Bolton D, Liggayu B, Schaefer S, Patel G, Javaid W, Cordon-Cardo C, Firpo-Betancourt A, Sordillo EM, Paniz-Mondolfi A. Molecular Detection of Candida auris Using DiaSorin Molecular Simplexa ® Detection Kit: A Diagnostic Performance Evaluation. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:849. [PMID: 37623620 PMCID: PMC10455898 DOI: 10.3390/jof9080849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida auris is a globally emerging fungal pathogen that is associated with healthcare-related infections. The accurate and rapid detection of C. auris is crucial for effective infection prevention, control, and patient management. This study aimed to validate the analytical and diagnostic performance of the DiaSorin Molecular C. auris Detection Kit. The analytical specificity, sensitivity, and reproducibility of the assay were evaluated. The limit of detection (LOD) was determined to be 266 CFU/µL using the ZeptoMetrix Candida auris Z485 strain and standard calibration curves. The assay demonstrated high analytical specificity and showed no amplification against a diverse panel of bacteria and fungi. Clinical validation was conducted using deidentified residual axillary/groin surveillance culture specimens from C. auris culture-positive and culture-negative patients. The DiaSorin Molecular Detection Kit exhibited 100% agreement in sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) when compared to cultures coupled with MALDI-TOF identification. Intra- and inter-reproducibility testing demonstrated consistent and reliable diagnostic performance. This validated assay offers rapid and accurate detection of C. auris, facilitating timely implementation of infection control measures and appropriate patient care. The DiaSorin Molecular C. auris Detection Kit has the potential to aid in controlling the outbreaks caused by this emerging fungal pathogen. Providing a reliable diagnostic tool can contribute to the effective management and containment of C. auris infections in healthcare settings and ultimately improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan David Ramírez
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (C.Y.W.); (D.B.); (B.L.); (C.C.-C.); (A.F.-B.); (E.M.S.)
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-CIMBIUR (UR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá 200433, Colombia
| | - Chin Yi Wang
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (C.Y.W.); (D.B.); (B.L.); (C.C.-C.); (A.F.-B.); (E.M.S.)
| | - Deandra Bolton
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (C.Y.W.); (D.B.); (B.L.); (C.C.-C.); (A.F.-B.); (E.M.S.)
| | - Bernadette Liggayu
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (C.Y.W.); (D.B.); (B.L.); (C.C.-C.); (A.F.-B.); (E.M.S.)
| | - Sarah Schaefer
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (S.S.); (G.P.); (W.J.)
| | - Gopi Patel
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (S.S.); (G.P.); (W.J.)
| | - Waleed Javaid
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (S.S.); (G.P.); (W.J.)
| | - Carlos Cordon-Cardo
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (C.Y.W.); (D.B.); (B.L.); (C.C.-C.); (A.F.-B.); (E.M.S.)
| | - Adolfo Firpo-Betancourt
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (C.Y.W.); (D.B.); (B.L.); (C.C.-C.); (A.F.-B.); (E.M.S.)
| | - Emilia Mia Sordillo
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (C.Y.W.); (D.B.); (B.L.); (C.C.-C.); (A.F.-B.); (E.M.S.)
| | - Alberto Paniz-Mondolfi
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (C.Y.W.); (D.B.); (B.L.); (C.C.-C.); (A.F.-B.); (E.M.S.)
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Redfern J, Tosheva L, Malic S, Butcher M, Ramage G, Verran J. The denture microbiome in health and disease: an exploration of a unique community. Lett Appl Microbiol 2022; 75:195-209. [PMID: 35634756 PMCID: PMC9546486 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The United Nations suggests the global population of denture wearers (an artificial device that acts as a replacement for teeth) is likely to rise significantly by the year 2050. Dentures become colonized by microbial biofilms, the composition of which is influenced by complex factors such as patient’s age and health, and the nature of the denture material. Since colonization (and subsequent biofilm formation) by some micro‐organisms can significantly impact the health of the denture wearer, the study of denture microbiology has long been of interest to researchers. The specific local and systemic health risks of denture plaque are different from those of dental plaque, particularly with respect to the presence of the opportunist pathogen Candida albicans and various other nonoral opportunists. Here, we reflect on advancements in our understanding of the relationship between micro‐organisms, dentures, and the host, and highlight how our growing knowledge of the microbiome, biofilms, and novel antimicrobial technologies may better inform diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of denture‐associated infections, thereby enhancing the quality and longevity of denture wearers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Redfern
- Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering Manchester Metropolitan University UK
| | - L Tosheva
- Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering Manchester Metropolitan University UK
| | - S Malic
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering Manchester Metropolitan University UK
| | - M Butcher
- Department of Oral Sciences, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing University of Glasgow UK
| | - G Ramage
- Department of Oral Sciences, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing University of Glasgow UK
| | - J Verran
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering Manchester Metropolitan University UK
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Abstract
Candida auris is an emerging yeast species that has the unique characteristics of patient skin colonization and rapid transmission within healthcare facilities and the ability to rapidly develop antifungal resistance. When C. auris first started appearing in clinical microbiology laboratories, it could only be identified using DNA sequencing. In the decade since its first identification outside of Japan there have been many improvements in the detection of C. auris. These include the expansion of MALDI-TOF databases to include C. auris, the development of both laboratory-developed tests and commercially available kits for its detection, and special CHROMagar for identification from laboratory specimens. Here we discuss the current tools and resources that are available for C. auris identification and detection.
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Guedes PHG, Brussasco JG, Moço ACR, Moraes DD, Flauzino JMR, Luz LFG, Almeida MTG, Soares MMCN, Oliveira RJ, Madurro JM, Brito-Madurro AG. Ninhydrin as a novel DNA hybridization indicator applied to a highly reusable electrochemical genosensor for Candida auris. Talanta 2021; 235:122694. [PMID: 34517578 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This work reports a simple strategy for Candida auris genomic DNA (gDNA) detection, a multi-resistant fungus associated with nosocomial outbreaks in healthcare settings, presenting high mortality and morbidity rates. The platform was developed using gold electrode sensitized with specific DNA capture probe and ninhydrin as a novel DNA hybridization indicator. The genosensor was able to detect C. auris in urine sample by differential pulse voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The biosensor's analytical performance was evaluated by differential pulse voltammetry, detecting up to 4.5 pg μL-1 of C. auris gDNA in urine (1:10, V/V). Moreover, the genosensor was reused eight times with no loss in the current signal response. The genosensor showed selectivity and stability, maintaining 100% of its response up to 80 days of storage. In order to analyze interactions of single and double-stranded DNA with ninhydrin, SEM, AFM and molecular dynamics studies followed by docking simulations were performed. Theoretical calculations showed ninhydrin interactions more favorably with dsDNA in an A-T rich binding pocket rather than with the ssDNA. Therefore, the proposed system is a promising electrochemical detection device towards a more accurate detection of C. auris gDNA in biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro H G Guedes
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Jéssica G Brussasco
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Anna C R Moço
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Dayane D Moraes
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - José M R Flauzino
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Luiz F G Luz
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ronaldo J Oliveira
- Department of Physics, Institute of Exact, Natural Sciences and Education, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Brazil
| | - João M Madurro
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Ana G Brito-Madurro
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil.
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Dennis EK, Chaturvedi S, Chaturvedi V. So Many Diagnostic Tests, So Little Time: Review and Preview of Candida auris Testing in Clinical and Public Health Laboratories. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:757835. [PMID: 34691009 PMCID: PMC8529189 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.757835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The recognition of a new yeast, Candida auris, in 2009 in East Asia, and its rapid global spread, was a reminder of the threats posed by multidrug-resistant fungal pathogens. C. auris had likely remained unrecognized for a long time as accurate tests were not available. The laboratory community responded to the C. auris challenge by publishing 35 new or revised diagnostic methods between 2014 and early 2021. The commercial sector also modified existing diagnostic devices. These C. auris diagnostic tests run the gamut from traditional culture-based differential and selective media, biochemical assimilations, and rapid protein profiles, as well as culture-independent DNA-based diagnostics. We provide an overview of these developments, especially the tests with validation data that were subsequently adopted for common use. We share a workflow developed in our laboratory to process over 37,000 C. auris surveillance samples and 5,000 C. auris isolates from the outbreak in the New York metropolitan area. Our preview covers new devices and diagnostic approaches on the horizon based on microfluidics, optics, and nanotechnology. Frontline laboratories need rapid, cheap, stable, and easy-to-implement tests to improve C. auris diagnosis, surveillance, patient isolation, admission screening, and environmental control. Among the urgent needs is a lateral flow assay or similar device for presumptive C. auris identification. All laboratories will benefit from devices that allow rapid antifungal susceptibility testing, including detection of mutations conferring drug resistance. Hopefully, multiplex test panels are on the horizon for synergy of C. auris testing with ongoing surveillance of other healthcare-associated infections. C. auris genome analysis has a proven role for outbreak investigations, and diagnostic laboratories need quick access to regional and national genome analysis networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K Dennis
- Mycology Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Sudha Chaturvedi
- Mycology Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, United States.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Vishnu Chaturvedi
- Mycology Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, United States
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Mulet Bayona JV, Salvador García C, Tormo Palop N, Gimeno Cardona C. Validation and implementation of a commercial real-time PCR assay for direct detection of Candida auris from surveillance samples. Mycoses 2021; 64:612-615. [PMID: 33529398 DOI: 10.1111/myc.13250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rapid and reliable laboratory methods are required for detecting the nosocomial yeast Candida auris. AurisID® (Olm Diagnostics) is a real-time PCR assay approved for detecting C. auris in fungal cultures and directly from blood samples, involving a nucleic acid extraction as a prior step. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study is to validate the AurisID® kit for direct detection of C. auris from surveillance samples without prior DNA extraction and to analyse the results of implementing this methodology to our daily laboratory routine protocol for C. auris surveillance studies. METHODS Our PCR method using the AurisID® kit was compared with our routine protocol, consisting of culture in CHROMagar® Candida and identification by mass spectrometry. A total of 113 swabs were used for validation and 136 pair of surveillance samples were tested. Limit of detection (LOD) was determined by using swabs in Amies transport medium, which were spiked in a series of dilutions of a C. auris standardised suspension (0.5 McFarland). RESULTS The PCR method showed high sensitivity, specificity, predictive positive value and predictive negative value (96.6%, 100%, 100% and 98.2%, respectively) when compared with the routine protocol. LOD was 500 CFU/ml, which corresponds to approximately 1 CFU/PCR. CONCLUSIONS Our PCR method using the AurisID® kit allows a reduction in the turnaround time for surveillance of C. auris compared with other methods. These results are expected to contribute to control C. auris outbreaks, allowing isolation of patients and cleaning of environmental surfaces in advance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan V Mulet Bayona
- Microbiology Department, Consorcio Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carme Salvador García
- Microbiology Department, Consorcio Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Nuria Tormo Palop
- Microbiology Department, Consorcio Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Concepción Gimeno Cardona
- Microbiology Department, Consorcio Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Microbiology and Ecology Department, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Spain
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