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Luo Z, Ning Y, Yu S, Xiao M, Dai R, Chen X, Wang Y, Kang W, Jiang Y, Yu H, Liang H, Xu Y, Sun T, Zhang L. The first established microsatellite markers to distinguish Candida orthopsilosis isolates and detection of a nosocomial outbreak in China. J Clin Microbiol 2023; 61:e0080623. [PMID: 37877725 PMCID: PMC10662339 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00806-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The infection proportion of Candida orthopsilosis, a member of the C. parapsilosis complex, has increased globally in recent years, and nosocomial outbreaks have been reported in several countries. This study aimed to establish microsatellite loci-based typing method that was able to effectively distinguish among C. orthopsilosis isolates. Three reference C. orthopsilosis genome sequences were analyzed to identify repeat loci. DNA sequences containing over eight bi- or more nucleotide repeats were selected. A total of 51 loci were initially identified, and locus-specific primers were designed and tested with 20 epidemiologically unrelated isolates. Four loci with excellent reproducibility, specificity, and resolution for molecular typing purposes were identified, and the combined discriminatory power (DP, based on 20 epidemiologically unrelated isolates) of these four loci was 1.0. Reproducibility was demonstrated by consistently testing three strains each in triplicate, and stability, demonstrated by testing 10 successive passages. Then, we collected 48 C. orthopsilosis non-duplicate clinical isolates from the China Hospital Invasive Fungal Surveillance Net study to compare the DP of the microsatellite-based typing with internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) typing analyses, using ATCC 96139 as a reference strain. These 49 isolates were subdivided into 12 microsatellite types (COMT1-12), six AFLP types, and three ITS types, while all the isolates with the same COMT belonged to consistent AFLP and ITS type, demonstrating the high DP of our microsatellite-type method. According to our results, COMT12 was found to be the predominant type in China, and COMT5 was the second largest and responsible for causing a nosocomial outbreak. This microsatellite-type method is a valuable tool for the differentiation of C. orthopsilosis and could be vital for epidemiological studies to determine strain relatedness and monitor transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyu Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe, and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yating Ning
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe, and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Shuying Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe, and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Xiao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe, and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Rongchen Dai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe, and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xinfei Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe, and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe, and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Kang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe, and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Guizhou Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Hua Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongjie Liang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Medicine of Guangxi Department of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China
| | - Yingchun Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe, and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Tianshu Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing, China
- Clinical Biobank, Medical Research Center, National Science and Technology Key Infrastructure on Translational Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe, and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing, China
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Analysis of Microsatellite Length Polymorphism for Clinical Isolates of Candida albicans from Animals. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2023. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm-132587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Candida albicans has been shown as the most common species of Candida collected from different animals. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the genetic diversity and genetic relationships among C. albicans isolates collected from clinical specimens of animals suffering from candidiasis using microsatellite length polymorphism (MLP). Methods: We used MLP for a group of 60 C. albicans strains isolated from various animal species (dog: 16, cat: 10, horse: 10, cow: 14, chicken: 10), previously defined as animal clinical isolates. Three loci, including EF3, CDC3, and HIS3, were amplified, and the products ran onto an ABI XL 370 genetic analyzer, and fragment sizes were determined. Results: Of the 60 clinical strains illustrated, 49 different genotypes were identified with a discriminatory power index of 0.991. A total of 17 alleles and 26 different combinations were identified for EF3 locus, six alleles and 13 combinations for CDC3 locus, and 17 alleles and 27 combinations for HIS3 locus. The most common genotypes were GP9 (four strains) and GP1 and GP33 (three strains). Wright’s fixation index (FST) values were calculated to assess inter-group genetic diversity for all pairwise combinations of the five sub-populations of C. albicans isolated from the different animal hosts. The highest FST values related to C. albicans isolated from chicken to three sub-populations of cats (FST: 0.1397), cows (FST: 0.0639), and horses (FST: 0.0585). Conclusions: The results indicated a moderate genetic differentiation (0.05 < FST < 0.15) between C. albicans strains isolated from cats, cows, and horses as a mammal vs. chickens.
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Faria-Gonçalves P, Gaspar C, Oliveira AS, Palmeira-de-Oliveira R, Gonçalves T, Martinez-de-Oliveira J, Palmeira-de-Oliveira A, Rolo J. Evaluation of overtime phenotypic variation of yeasts in chronic vulvovaginal candidosis cases. Med Mycol 2021; 59:1166-1173. [PMID: 34427667 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myab048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic vulvovaginal candidosis results either from reinfection or from the ability of Candida spp. to persist in the vulva and/or vagina. Persistence is usually associated with increased antifungal (mainly azoles) resistance rates, which can explain treatment failure, and/or increased expression of virulence factors by Candida spp. The aim of this study was to assess the mechanisms leading to Candida spp persistence, by studying sequential isolates from women with chronic vulvovaginal candidosis, focusing on strains genotypes, azole resistance and ability to form biofilms along the period of clinical evaluation.The strains were identified at species level by automated analysis of biochemical profiles and molecular typing evaluated by polymorphic DNA analysis. The capacity to form biofilm was assessed with a microtiter plate assay. Fluconazole susceptibility was determined by the microdilution broth assay at both pH 7 (following the recommended guideline) and pH 4.5 (as representative of vaginal pH).We studied samples from 17 clinically recurrent cases. In 53% of the chronic cases there were two or more isolates that had a phylogenetic relationship while the remaining (47%) were caused by different species. In those cases where related strains were involved in recurrence, we verified an increase in MIC at pH 7 and also an increased capacity to form biofilms over time. Significant correlation between these two parameters was observed only in cases caused by C. glabrata, evidencing the importance of these two factors to enhance persistence in the vaginal mucosa for this particular species. LAY ABSTRACT Chronic vulvovaginal candidosis (VVC) affects millions of women worldwide. We found that persistence of the same Candida strain on the vaginal mucosa does not account for the great majority of VVC cases. Moreover, modulation of biofilm formation and azole resistance overtime was investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Faria-Gonçalves
- CICS-UBI: Health Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,FMUMN: Faculty of Medicine, University Mandume ya Ndemufayo, Angola
| | - Carlos Gaspar
- CICS-UBI: Health Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,Labfit-HPRD:Health Products Research and Development Lda, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana Sofia Oliveira
- CICS-UBI: Health Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Rita Palmeira-de-Oliveira
- CICS-UBI: Health Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,Labfit-HPRD:Health Products Research and Development Lda, Covilhã, Portugal.,CNC - Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Teresa Gonçalves
- CNC - Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,FMUC - Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José Martinez-de-Oliveira
- CICS-UBI: Health Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana Palmeira-de-Oliveira
- CICS-UBI: Health Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,Labfit-HPRD:Health Products Research and Development Lda, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Joana Rolo
- CICS-UBI: Health Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
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Zhao Y, Yu Z, Yue X. Evaluating the accuracy and diagnostic value of CFW and a new fluorescent reagents, fluorescent brightener 85, for the diagnosis of vulvovaginal candidiasis. J Clin Lab Anal 2021; 35:e23891. [PMID: 34251053 PMCID: PMC8373344 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a common vaginitis in females. The commonly used diagnostic method, 10% potassium hydroxide (KOH) smear microscopy, makes it not very easy to recognize fungi. Methods Vaginal secretions were collected from clinically suspected VVC patients and divided into four groups and examined using KOH, CFW (Calcofluor White), FB 85(fluorescent brightener 85), and culture. The data were statistically analyzed. Results In total, 110 patients with suspected VVC were recruited. The positive rates of KOH, CFW, FB 85, and the culture method were 68.2%, 64.5%, 61.8%, and 77%, respectively. According to the McNemar test, there was no statistically significant difference between the KOH, CFW, and the FB 85 methods (p > 0.05). However, CFW had a shorter diagnosis time than the KOH method and had a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001). Moreover, CFW has the highest sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. In morphological recognition, it was easier to recognize fungal structures with CFW and FB 85 than with the KOH. Conclusions The fluorescent method is a good method for the diagnosis of VVC. And the fungi can be found more quickly. Similar to CFW, FB 85 is also a potential good fluorescent reagent for the diagnosis of VVC and has potential value for application in clinical fungal infection diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunzhuan Zhao
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryBeijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Zixuan Yu
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryBeijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xueping Yue
- Department of DermatologyBeijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
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Canela HMS, Cardoso B, Frazão MR, Falcão JP, Vitali LH, Martinez R, da Silva Ferreira ME. Genetic diversity assessed using PFGE, MLP and MLST in Candida spp. candidemia isolates obtained from a Brazilian hospital. Braz J Microbiol 2021; 52:503-516. [PMID: 33611738 PMCID: PMC8105495 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00446-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida spp. are the main causative agents of invasive fungal infections in immunocompromised patients. Candidemia has attributable mortality rates of 15 to 35% and increases hospitalisation time and costs, thus making this disease a public health concern. This study aimed to use pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), microsatellite length polymorphism (MLP) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) to analyse the genetic relationships among 65 Candida spp. bloodstream isolates, including 35 Candida albicans, 15 Candida glabrata and 15 Candida tropicalis isolates, all of which were obtained from patients in a Brazilian hospital. Moreover, patient clinical data were assessed. All techniques resulted in high discriminatory indexes. C. albicans and C. tropicalis isolates showed high genetic variability, while C. glabrata isolates had relatively low genetic variability. Moreover, a cluster of C. glabrata isolates was identified in a hospital unit. New MLST sequence types, diploid sequence types and alleles are described. Relationships were not observed between the molecular typing results and clinical characteristics. The molecular typing of clinical strains increases our understanding of candidemia epidemiology and promotes the development of strategies that can reduce the incidence of this disease. Moreover, this study is the first to combine these techniques to genotype these three species in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heliara Maria Spina Canela
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Bloco S - Térreo - Sala 013A-S, Avenida do Café S/N, CEP 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Cardoso
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Bloco S - Térreo - Sala 013A-S, Avenida do Café S/N, CEP 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Miliane Rodrigues Frazão
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Bloco S - Térreo - Sala 013A-S, Avenida do Café S/N, CEP 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Pfrimer Falcão
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Bloco S - Térreo - Sala 013A-S, Avenida do Café S/N, CEP 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucia Helena Vitali
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberto Martinez
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Márcia Eliana da Silva Ferreira
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Bloco S - Térreo - Sala 013A-S, Avenida do Café S/N, CEP 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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New Locus for Candida glabrata Sequence-Based Strain Typing Provides Evidence for Nosocomial Transmission. J Clin Microbiol 2021; 59:JCM.02933-20. [PMID: 33472902 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02933-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Gharaghani M, Rezaei-Matehkolaei A, Hardani AK, Zarei Mahmoudabadi A. Genotypic diversity and antifungal susceptibility pattern of Candida albicans species isolated from hospitalized paediatric patients with urinary tract infection in Iran. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:1017-1027. [PMID: 33460500 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The present study aimed to determine the microsatellite length polymorphism (MLP) genotypic patterns and antifungal susceptibility profiles of Candida albicans isolated from patients with candiduria. METHODS AND RESULTS DNA of 50 C. albicans isolates was used for molecular identification based on the ITS1 -5.8s-ITS2 region. MLP assays were performed to amplify three loci (EF3, CDC3 and HIS3), and PCR products were used for fragment analysis. Antifungal susceptibility tests were performed according to CLSI M27 4th ed guidelines. In all, 38 different genotypes were detected with the three polymorphic loci among C. albicans isolates, and only one genotype was homozygous. In comparison to other countries, our genotypes were divided into three clusters, two of which were linked to France and a third of which was linked to Austria. The genetic structures of the 50 C. albicans isolates revealed varied heterozygosity and significant Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium at the EF3 locus. Only one (2%) and four (8%) of isolates showed resistance to fluconazole and itraconazole, respectively. In C. albicans genotype G25, one (2%) of the isolates showed cross-resistance and non-wild-type resistance to posaconazole, itraconazole and fluconazole. CONCLUSION MLP typing is a useful tool to analyse the genetic structure of C. albicans isolates. High genetic diversity (38 genotypes) was detected in the isolates tested here. Compared to isolates in other countries, the ones from our patients had a clear relationship with French and Austrian isolates. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Iranian isolates of C. albicans have a distinct genotype and show similarities only with French and Austrian isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gharaghani
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - A Rezaei-Matehkolaei
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - A K Hardani
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Abuzar Children's Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - A Zarei Mahmoudabadi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Wu YM, Lee CH, Cheng YC, Lu JJ, Wang SH. Association between CAI microsatellite, multilocus sequence typing, and clinical significance within Candida albicans isolates. Med Mycol 2020; 59:498-504. [PMID: 33099643 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myaa090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans bloodstream infection (BSI) is epidemiologically important because of its increasing frequency and serious outcome. Strain typing and delineation of the species are essential for understanding the phylogenetic relationship and clinical significance. Microsatellite CAI genotyping and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) were performed on 285 C. albicans bloodstream isolates from patients in Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou (CGMHL), Taiwan from 2003 to 2011. Data regarding demographics, comorbidities, risk factors, and clinical outcomes were recorded within adult patients with C. albicans BSI. Both CAI genotyping and MLST yielded comparable discriminatory power for C. albicans characterization. Besides, the distribution of CAI repetition showed a satisfactory phylogenetic association, which could be a good alternative method in the molecular phylogenetics of C. albicans and epidemiological studies. As for the clinical scenario, clade 17 isolates with CAI alleles either possessing 29 or more repetitions were related to higher 14-day and 30-day mortality, and shorter median survival days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Mu Wu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hua Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chuan Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jang-Jih Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Hung Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
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Jaeger M, Pinelli M, Borghi M, Constantini C, Dindo M, van Emst L, Puccetti M, Pariano M, Ricaño-Ponce I, Büll C, Gresnigt MS, Wang X, Gutierrez Achury J, Jacobs CWM, Xu N, Oosting M, Arts P, Joosten LAB, van de Veerdonk FL, Veltman JA, Ten Oever J, Kullberg BJ, Feng M, Adema GJ, Wijmenga C, Kumar V, Sobel J, Gilissen C, Romani L, Netea MG. A systems genomics approach identifies SIGLEC15 as a susceptibility factor in recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis. Sci Transl Med 2020; 11:11/496/eaar3558. [PMID: 31189718 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aar3558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Candida vaginitis is a frequent clinical diagnosis with up to 8% of women experiencing recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC) globally. RVVC is characterized by at least three episodes per year. Most patients with RVVC lack known risk factors, suggesting a role for genetic risk factors in this condition. Through integration of genomic approaches and immunological studies in two independent cohorts of patients with RVVC and healthy individuals, we identified genes and cellular processes that contribute to the pathogenesis of RVVC, including cellular morphogenesis and metabolism, and cellular adhesion. We further identified SIGLEC15, a lectin expressed by various immune cells that binds sialic acid-containing structures, as a candidate gene involved in RVVC susceptibility. Candida stimulation induced SIGLEC15 expression in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and a polymorphism in the SIGLEC15 gene that was associated with RVVC in the patient cohorts led to an altered cytokine profile after PBMC stimulation. The same polymorphism led to an increase in IL1B and NLRP3 expression after Candida stimulation in HeLa cells in vitro. Last, Siglec15 expression was induced by Candida at the vaginal surface of mice, where in vivo silencing of Siglec15 led to an increase in the fungal burden. Siglec15 silencing was additionally accompanied by an increase in polymorphonuclear leukocytes during the course of infection. Identification of these pathways and cellular processes contributes to a better understanding of RVVC and may open new therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jaeger
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Centre for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6525GA, Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center (Radboudumc), Nijmegen, 6525GA, Netherlands
| | - M Pinelli
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, 80078, Italy.,Department of Human Genetics, Donders Center for Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6525HR, Netherlands
| | - M Borghi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Polo Unico Sant'Andrea delle Fratte, Perugia, 06123, Italy
| | - C Constantini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Polo Unico Sant'Andrea delle Fratte, Perugia, 06123, Italy
| | - M Dindo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Polo Unico Sant'Andrea delle Fratte, Perugia, 06123, Italy
| | - L van Emst
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Centre for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6525GA, Netherlands
| | - M Puccetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Polo Unico Sant'Andrea delle Fratte, Perugia, 06123, Italy
| | - M Pariano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Polo Unico Sant'Andrea delle Fratte, Perugia, 06123, Italy
| | - I Ricaño-Ponce
- University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, 9713GZ, Netherlands
| | - C Büll
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology Laboratory, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 32, Nijmegen, 6525GA, Netherlands
| | - M S Gresnigt
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Centre for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6525GA, Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center (Radboudumc), Nijmegen, 6525GA, Netherlands.,Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knöll Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11a, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - X Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Centre for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6525GA, Netherlands.,College of Computer, Qinghai Normal University, 810008 Xining, China
| | - J Gutierrez Achury
- University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, 9713GZ, Netherlands
| | - C W M Jacobs
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Centre for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6525GA, Netherlands
| | - N Xu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - M Oosting
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Centre for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6525GA, Netherlands
| | - P Arts
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Center for Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6525HR, Netherlands
| | - L A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Centre for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6525GA, Netherlands
| | - F L van de Veerdonk
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Centre for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6525GA, Netherlands
| | - J A Veltman
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Center for Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6525HR, Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, 6229HX, Netherlands
| | - J Ten Oever
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Centre for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6525GA, Netherlands
| | - B J Kullberg
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Centre for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6525GA, Netherlands
| | - M Feng
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - G J Adema
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology Laboratory, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 32, Nijmegen, 6525GA, Netherlands
| | - C Wijmenga
- University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, 9713GZ, Netherlands
| | - V Kumar
- University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, 9713GZ, Netherlands
| | - J Sobel
- Infectious Diseases, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - C Gilissen
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Center for Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6525HR, Netherlands
| | - L Romani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Polo Unico Sant'Andrea delle Fratte, Perugia, 06123, Italy
| | - M G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Centre for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6525GA, Netherlands. .,Human Genomics Laboratory, Craiova University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, 200349
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Gabaldón T, Gómez-Molero E, Bader O. Molecular Typing of Candida glabrata. Mycopathologia 2019; 185:755-764. [PMID: 31617105 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-019-00388-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The yeast Candida glabrata has emerged, second only to Candida albicans, to be one of the most frequently isolated fungi in clinical specimen from human. Its frequent resistance towards azole antifungal drugs and the high capacity to form biofilms on indwelling catheters of individual isolates render it an often difficult to treat pathogen. Hence, there is a notably increasing scientific and clinical interest in this species. This has led to the development of a variety of molecular tools for genetic modification, strain collections, and last but not least different approaches to analyse the population structure among isolates of different geographical and clinical contexts. Often, these are used to study correlations (or the absence thereof) with different pathogenicity, virulence, or drug resistance traits. Three molecular methods have been used to type within the C. glabrata population on a genetic level by multiple studies: multi-locus sequence typing, microsatellite length polymorphisms, and clustering of whole-genome sequencing data, and these are subject of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni Gabaldón
- Comparative Genomics Group, Life Science Programme, Barcelona Supercomputing Centre (BSC-CNS), Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Research in Biomedicine (IRB), Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca I Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emilia Gómez-Molero
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Kreuzbergring 57, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Bader
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Kreuzbergring 57, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.
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Kiasat N, Rezaei-Matehkolaei A, Mahmoudabadi AZ. Microsatellite Typing and Antifungal Susceptibility of Candida glabrata Strains Isolated From Patients With Candida Vaginitis. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1678. [PMID: 31417505 PMCID: PMC6685060 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a yeast infection with a global reach and millions of dollars are spent annually for its diagnosis and treatment. Recently, Candida glabrata with different degrees of antifungal resistance has been considered as the second most common cause of vaginal infections. The aim of the present study is to determine the antifungal susceptibility and molecular epidemiology profiles of C. glabrata isolates from patients with VVC. Sixty-one C. glabrata isolates were examined for antifungal susceptibility using the EUCAST broth microdilution method. Moreover, microsatellite length polymorphism (MLP) was used for typing the C. glabrata isolates using six microsatellite markers. Overall, 13, 3.3, and 0% of the isolates were non-wild types to itraconazole, posaconazole, and voriconazole, respectively. Sixty (98.4%) isolates were an intermediate phenotype to fluconazole and only one isolate was fluconazole resistant. Microsatellite length polymorphism with a discriminatory power of 0.964 identified 35 distinct types and 24 singleton genotypes. The assessment of the population genetic structure revealed that the non-wild-type population had a moderate genetic differentiation compared to the wild type population (FST = 0.1457). It was also found that the most common genotypes were G27 (eight strains), G12 (six strains), and G4 (five strains). We found that eight strains were resistant/a non-wild phenotype to itraconazole. Five out of eight (62.5%) resistant/non-wild phenotype strains correlated to a predominant genotype (GT27) and the rest belonged to GT11 (12.5%), GT29 (12.5%), and GT28 (12.5%). The current study is the first molecular epidemiology study in the southwest of Iran and demonstrates the antifungal susceptibility profiles of C. glabrata in it. This study shows a wide range of the genetic diversity of C. glabrata (35 different genotypes) from VVC in the southwest of Iran. The majority of the non-wild isolates had a dominant genotype or genotypes related to this dominant genotype (clonal cluster one).
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Kiasat
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ali Rezaei-Matehkolaei
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ali Zarei Mahmoudabadi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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12
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Bitew A, Abebaw Y. Vulvovaginal candidiasis: species distribution of Candida and their antifungal susceptibility pattern. BMC Womens Health 2018; 18:94. [PMID: 29902998 PMCID: PMC6003188 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-018-0607-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vulvovaginal candidiasis is a global issue of concern due to its association with economic costs, sexually transmitted infections, and ascending genital tract infection. The aim of this study was to determine species distribution and antifungal susceptibility pattern of Candida species causing vulvovaginal candidiasis. METHODS A cross sectional study was conducted from November 2015 to December 2016 at the Family Guidance Association of Ethiopia. Vaginal swabs collected from study subjects that were clinically diagnosed with vulvovaginal candidiasis were cultured. Yeast identification and antifungal susceptibility testing were determined by the automated VITEK 2 compact system. The association of vulvovaginal candidiasis with possible risk factors was assessed and analyzed using SPSS version 20. RESULTS The overall prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis was 41.4%. The association of vulvovaginal candidiasis was statistically significant with previous genital tract infection (p = 0.004), number of life-time male sex partners (p = .037), and number of male sex partners in 12 month (p = 0.001). Of 87 Candida isolates recovered, 58.6% were C. albicans while 41.4% were non-albicans Candida species. The highest overall drug resistance rate of Candida species was observed against fluconazole (17.2%), followed by flycytosine (5.7%). All Candida isolates were 100% susceptible to voriconazole, caspofungin, and micafungin. C. albicans, was 100% susceptible to all drugs tested except fluconazole and flycytosine with a resistance rate of 2% each drug. C. krusei, was 100 and 33.3% resistant to fluconazole and flycytosine, respectively. CONCLUSIONS High prevalence rate of vulvovaginal candidiasis and observation of high prevalence rate of non-albicans Candida species in the present study substantiate, the importance of conducting continuous epidemiological surveys to measure changes in species distribution from C. albicans to non-albicans Candida species in Ethiopia. Although, fluconazole still appeared to be active against all isolates of C. albicans and non-albicans Candida species high resistance rate of C. krusei against the drug may demonstrate a search for alternative antifungal drugs when treating vulvovaginal candidiasis caused by C. krusei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adane Bitew
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Yeshiwork Abebaw
- Department Clinical Laboratory, Fitche Hospital, P.O. Box 46, Oromia Administrative Region, Ethiopia
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13
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Microsatellite Length Polymorphism for DNA-Based Typing of Candida albicans Isolated from HIV Positive Patients in Tehran, Iran. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2018. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.64041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Novel Polymorphic Multilocus Microsatellite Markers to Distinguish Candida tropicalis Isolates. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166156. [PMID: 27820850 PMCID: PMC5098789 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida tropicalis is an important pathogen. Here we developed and evaluated a polymorphic multilocus microsatellite scheme employing novel genetic markers for genotyping of C. tropicalis. Using 10 isolates from 10 unique (separate) patients to screen over 4000 tandem repeats from the C. tropicalis genome (strain MYA-3404), six new candidate microsatellite loci (ctm1, ctm3, ctm8, ctm18, ctm24 and ctm26) were selected according to amplification success, observed polymorphisms and stability of flanking regions by preliminary testing. Two known microsatellite loci CT14 and URA3 were also studied. The 6-locus scheme was then tested against a set of 82 different isolates from 32 patients. Microsatellite genotypes of isolates from the same patient (two to five isolates per patient) were identical. The six loci produced eight to 17 allele types and identified 11 to 24 genotypes amongst 32 patients’ isolates, achieving a discriminatory power (DP) of 0.76 to 0.97 (versus 0.78 for both CT14 and URA3 loci, respectively). Testing of a combination of only three loci, ctm1, ctm3 and ctm24, also achieved maximum typing efficiency (DP = 0.99, 29 genotypes). The microsatellite typing scheme had good correlation compared with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, although was slightly less discriminatory. The new six-locus microsatellite typing scheme is a potentially valuable tool for genotyping and investigating microevolution of C. tropicalis.
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Chillemi V, Lo Passo C, van Diepeningen AD, Rharmitt S, Delfino D, Cascio A, Nnadi NE, Cilo BD, Sampaio P, Tietz HJ, Pemán J, Criseo G, Romeo O, Scordino F. Multilocus microsatellite analysis of European and African Candida glabrata isolates. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2016; 35:885-92. [DOI: 10.1007/s10096-016-2610-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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16
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Li C, Wang L, Tong H, Ge Y, Mei H, Chen L, Lv G, Liu W. Microsatellite analysis of genotype distribution patterns of Candida albicans vulvovaginal candidiasis in Nanjing, China and its association with pregnancy, age and clinical presentation. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2016; 294:291-7. [PMID: 26861467 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-016-4029-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To characterize the genotype distribution pattern of Candida albicans associated with vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) in Nanjing, China by microsatellite genotyping. METHODS A questionnaire was completed by each patient diagnosed with VVC. A total of 208 independent C. albicans was isolated from 208 patients. Microsatellite genotyping characterized the genotype distribution by analysis of the CAI locus marker. RESULTS PCR of CAI fragments showed the three major genotypes contained 30:45, 21:21 and 32:46 alleles among the 51 genotypes detected, accounting for 29.3, 13.0 and 12.0 % of 208 clinical isolates. Genotype distributions had a similar pattern among different clinical presentations (P = 0.219). In both groups of the (21-30) and (31-40) years, 30:45 was the most frequent genotype allele detected. In the (21-30) year females, 16.5 % of the isolated strains had the genotype 21:21, while the same genotype in the group of (31-40) years was 6.9 %. Genotype distributions were significant difference between the pregnant and non-pregnant women (P < 0.001). 30:45 was detected only one in the 23 pregnant women. CONCLUSIONS The results indicated a unique genotype distribution of C. albicans associated with VVC in Nanjing, eastern China and a different distribution pattern was also detected in pregnant women compared to non-pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Li
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peaking Union Medical College and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, No 12 Jiangwangmiao St., Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Le Wang
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peaking Union Medical College and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, No 12 Jiangwangmiao St., Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Hua Tong
- Department of Gynecology, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiping Ge
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peaking Union Medical College and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, No 12 Jiangwangmiao St., Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Huan Mei
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peaking Union Medical College and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, No 12 Jiangwangmiao St., Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Liangyu Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Guixia Lv
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peaking Union Medical College and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, No 12 Jiangwangmiao St., Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Weida Liu
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peaking Union Medical College and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, No 12 Jiangwangmiao St., Nanjing, 210042, China.
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Guerrero HT, Espinosa IM, Ibarra MG, Aguirre García M. Distribution of <i>Candida</i> Species and Molecular Typing of <i>C. albicans</i> Isolates in a Mexico City Tertiary Care Hospital from 2011 to 2013. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.4236/ojmm.2016.62010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Microbicidal activity of neutrophils is inhibited by isolates from recurrent vaginal candidiasis (RVVC) caused by Candida albicans through fungal thioredoxin reductase. Cell Immunol 2015; 293:22-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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19
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Wu Y, Zhou HJ, Che J, Li WG, Bian FN, Yu SB, Zhang LJ, Lu J. Multilocus microsatellite markers for molecular typing of Candida tropicalis isolates. BMC Microbiol 2014; 14:245. [PMID: 25410579 PMCID: PMC4247128 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-014-0245-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Candida tropicalis is considered to be the leading pathogen causing nosocomial fungemia and hepatosplenic fungal infections in patients with cancer, particularly those with leukemia. Microsatellite-based typing methods using sets of genetic markers have been developed and reported for population structure analysis of C. albicans, C. glabrata, and C. parapsilosis, but no studies have been published for genetic analysis of C. tropicalis. The objective of this study was to develop new microsatellite loci that have the ability to distinguish among C. tropicalis isolates. Results DNA sequences containing over 10 bi- or tri-nucleotide repeats were selected from the C. tropicalis genome database. Thirty PCR primers sets specific for the microsatellite loci were designed and tested using eight clinically independent isolates. According to the amplification efficiency, specificity, and observed polymorphisms, eight markers were selected for further population structure analysis and molecular typing. Sixty-five independent C. tropicalis isolates were genotyped using these 8 markers. Based on these analyses, six microsatellite loci were confirmed, although two loci were found to be with unstable flanking areas. The six polymorphic loci displayed 4–22 alleles and 7–27 genotypes. The discriminatory power of the six loci ranged from 0.70 to 0.95. Genotyping results obtained by microsatellite analysis were compared to PCR-fingerprinting and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST). The comparisons showed that microsatellite analysis and MLST had the similar discriminatory power for C. tropicalis, which were more powerful than PCR-fingerprinting. Conclusions This is the first attempt to develop new microsatellite loci for C. tropicalis. These newly developed markers will be a valuable resource for the differentiation of C. tropicalis isolates. More C. tropicalis isolates will need to be sequenced and analyzed in order to fully show the potential of these newly developed microsatellite markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang bai Road 155, Chang ping District, Beijing, China.
| | - Hai-jian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang bai Road 155, Chang ping District, Beijing, China.
| | - Jie Che
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang bai Road 155, Chang ping District, Beijing, China.
| | - Wen-ge Li
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang bai Road 155, Chang ping District, Beijing, China.
| | - Fu-ning Bian
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang bai Road 155, Chang ping District, Beijing, China.
| | - Shuan-bao Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang bai Road 155, Chang ping District, Beijing, China.
| | - Li-juan Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Jinxing Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang bai Road 155, Chang ping District, Beijing, China.
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Araújo Paulo de Medeiros M, Vieira de Melo AP, Gonçalves SS, Milan EP, Chaves GM. Genetic relatedness among vaginal and anal isolates of Candida albicans from women with vulvovaginal candidiasis in north-east Brazil. J Med Microbiol 2014; 63:1436-1445. [PMID: 25187602 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.076604-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is one of the most common causes of vaginitis and affects about 75% of women of reproductive age. In order to better understand the epidemiology and pathogenesis of this disease, we evaluated genetic relatedness among 62 clinical isolates of Candida albicans sequentially obtained from the anus and vagina of patients with sporadic and recurrent VVC. Evaluation of patients' demographic and clinical data, direct examination, and colony forming units (c.f.u.) counts of vaginal and anal samples were also performed. The genotypes of strains were determined with ABC genotyping and Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Genotype A was the most prevalent (93.6%), followed by genotype C (6.4%), whereas genotype B was not found. We found the maintenance of the same ABC genotype, regardless of the body site of each patient. Most of the vaginal strains suffered microevolution, whereas most of the anal strains were replaced during the period of study. Vaginal and anal isolates of C. albicans obtained simultaneously from the same patient showed the same ABC genotype and high genetic similarity as determined by RAPD. Genotype A seemed to be dominant in both vaginal and anal isolates of patients with VVC. Our results corroborate the hypothesis that there are 'substrains' of the C. albicans vaginal clone successfully established, which dominate in an apparently random manner over the course of time. It is suggested that the anal reservoir constitutes a possible source for vaginal infection in most of the cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Araújo Paulo de Medeiros
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Ana Patrícia Vieira de Melo
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | | | - Eveline Pipolo Milan
- Department of Infectology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Maranhão Chaves
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
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Rathod SD, Buffler PA. Highly-cited estimates of the cumulative incidence and recurrence of vulvovaginal candidiasis are inadequately documented. BMC WOMENS HEALTH 2014; 14:43. [PMID: 24612727 PMCID: PMC3975582 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6874-14-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Available literature concerning the epidemiologic or clinical features of vulvovaginal candidiasis commonly reports that: 75% of women will experience an episode of vulvovaginal candidiasis in their lifetimes, 50% of whom will experience at least a second episode, and 5-10% of all women will experience recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (≥4 episodes/1 year). In this debate we traced the three commonly cited statistics to their presumed origins. DISCUSSION It is apparent that these figures were inadequately documented and lacked supporting epidemiologic evidence. Population-based studies are needed to make reliable estimates of the lifetime risk of vulvovaginal candidiasis and the proportion of women who experience recurrent candidiasis. SUMMARY The extent to which vulvovaginal candidiasis is a source of population-level morbidity remains uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujit D Rathod
- Division of Epidemiology, University of California, Berkeley, USA.
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Genotypes of Candida albicans isolated from healthy individuals and their distribution in patients with oral candidiasis. J Infect Chemother 2013; 19:1072-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10156-013-0626-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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