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Wen ZT, Scott-Anne K, Liao S, De A, Luo M, Kovacs C, Narvaez BS, Faustoferri R, Yu Q, Taylor CM, Quivey RG. Deficiency of BrpA in Streptococcus mutans reduces virulence in rat caries model. Mol Oral Microbiol 2018; 33:353-363. [PMID: 29888871 PMCID: PMC6158100 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Our recent studies have shown that BrpA in Streptococcus mutans plays a critical role in cell envelope biogenesis, stress responses, and biofilm formation. In this study, a 10-species consortium was used to assess how BrpA deficiency influences the establishment, persistence, and competitiveness of S. mutans during growth in a community under conditions typical of the oral cavity. Results showed that, like the wild-type, the brpA mutant was able to colonize and establish on the surfaces tested. Relative to the wild-type, however, the brpA mutant had a reduced ability to persist and grow in the 10-species consortium (P < .001). A rat caries model was also used to examine the effect of BrpA, as well as Psr, a BrpA paralog, on S. mutans cariogenicity. The results showed no major differences in infectivity between the wild-type and the brpA and psr mutants. Unlike the wild-type, however, infection with the brpA mutant, but not the psr mutant, showed no significant differences in both total numbers of carious lesions and caries severity, compared with the control group that received bacterial growth medium (P > .05). Metagenomic and quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that S. mutans infection caused major alterations in the composition of the rats' plaque microbiota and that significantly less S. mutans was identified in the rats infected with the brpA mutant compared with those infected with the wild-type and the psr mutant. These results further suggest that BrpA plays a critical role in S. mutans pathophysiology and that BrpA has potential as a therapeutic target in the modulation of S. mutans virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zezhang T. Wen
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry and Biomaterials, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Center of Oral and Craniofacial Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Kathy Scott-Anne
- Center of Oral Biology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY
| | - Sumei Liao
- Center of Oral and Craniofacial Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Arpan De
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry and Biomaterials, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Meng Luo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Christopher Kovacs
- Center of Oral Biology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY
| | | | - Roberta Faustoferri
- Center of Oral Biology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY
| | - Qingzhao Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Christopher M. Taylor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Robert G. Quivey
- Center of Oral Biology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY
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Kim HR, Lee D, Eom YB. Anti-biofilm and Anti-Virulence Efficacy of Celastrol Against Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Int J Med Sci 2018; 15:617-627. [PMID: 29725253 PMCID: PMC5930464 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.23924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a multi-drug resistant opportunistic pathogen that causes nosocomial infections in immunocompromised patients. This pathogen is difficult to treat owing to its intrinsic multidrug resistance and ability to form antimicrobial-tolerant biofilms. In the present study, we aimed to assess the potential use of celastrol as a novel anti-biofilm and/or anti-virulence agent against S. maltophilia. Results showed that celastrol at its sub-inhibitory doses decreased biofilm formation and disrupt the established biofilms produced by S. maltophilia. Celastrol-induced decrease in biofilm formation was dose-dependent based on the results of the microtiter plate biofilm assays and confocal laser scanning microscopy. In addition, our data validated the anti-virulence efficacy of celastrol, wherein it significantly interfered with the production of protease and motility of S. maltophilia. To support these phenotypic results, transcriptional analysis revealed that celastrol down-regulated the expression of biofilm- and virulence- associated genes (smeYZ, fsnR, and bfmAK) in S. maltophilia. Interestingly, celastrol significantly inhibited the expression of smeYZ gene, which encodes the resistance-nodulation-division (RND)-type efflux pump, SmeYZ. Overall, our findings suggested that celastrol might be a promising bioactive agent for treatment of biofilm- and virulence-related infections caused by the multi-drug resistant S. maltophilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Rim Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongsup Lee
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Hyejeon College, Hongseoung, Chungnam 32244, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Bin Eom
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam 31538, Republic of Korea
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Ricchi M, Mazzarelli A, Piscini A, Di Caro A, Cannas A, Leo S, Russo S, Arrigoni N. Exploring MALDI-TOF MS approach for a rapid identification of Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis field isolates. J Appl Microbiol 2017; 122:568-577. [PMID: 27868301 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of the study was to explore the suitability of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) for a rapid and correct identification of Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP) field isolates. METHODS AND RESULTS MALDI-TOF MS approach is becoming one of the most popular tests for the identification of intact bacterial cells which has been shown to be fast and reliable. For this purpose, 36 MAP field isolates were analysed through MALDI-TOF MS and the spectra compared with two different databases: one provided by the vendor of the system employed (Biotyper ver. 3·0; Bruker Daltonics) and a homemade database containing spectra from both tuberculous and nontuberculous Mycobacteria. Moreover, principal component analysis procedure was employed to confirm the ability of MALDI-TOF MS to discriminate between very closely related subspecies. Our results suggest MAP can be differentiated from other Mycobacterium species, both when the species are very close (M. intracellulare) and when belonging to different subspecies (M. avium ssp. avium and M. avium ssp. silvaticum). CONCLUSIONS The procedure applied is fast, easy to perform, and achieves an earlier accurate species identification of MAP and nontuberculous Mycobacteria in comparison to other procedures. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The gold standard test for the diagnosis of paratuberculosis is still isolation of MAP by cultural methods, but additional assays, such as qPCR and subculturing for determination of mycobactin dependency are required to confirm its identification. We have provided here evidence pertaining to the usefulness of MALDI-TOF MS approach for a rapid identification of this mycobacterium among other members of M. avium complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ricchi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, National Reference Centre for Paratuberculosis, Gariga di Podenzano, Italy
| | - A Mazzarelli
- Laboratorio di Microbiologia e Banca Biologica, Istituto Nazionale per le Malattie Infettive "L. Spallanzani", IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - A Piscini
- Laboratorio di Microbiologia e Banca Biologica, Istituto Nazionale per le Malattie Infettive "L. Spallanzani", IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - A Di Caro
- Laboratorio di Microbiologia e Banca Biologica, Istituto Nazionale per le Malattie Infettive "L. Spallanzani", IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - A Cannas
- Laboratorio di Microbiologia e Banca Biologica, Istituto Nazionale per le Malattie Infettive "L. Spallanzani", IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - S Leo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, National Reference Centre for Paratuberculosis, Gariga di Podenzano, Italy
| | - S Russo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, National Reference Centre for Paratuberculosis, Gariga di Podenzano, Italy
| | - N Arrigoni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, National Reference Centre for Paratuberculosis, Gariga di Podenzano, Italy
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Kehrmann J, Wessel S, Murali R, Hampel A, Bange FC, Buer J, Mosel F. Principal component analysis of MALDI TOF MS mass spectra separates M. abscessus (sensu stricto) from M. massiliense isolates. BMC Microbiol 2016; 16:24. [PMID: 26926762 PMCID: PMC4772520 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-016-0636-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The discrimination of the members of the Mycobacterium abscessus complex is of clinical interest because one of the subspecies, M. massiliense, exhibits higher rates of response to antibiotic treatment for lung infection than do the other members of that complex. M. abscessus complex contains three subspecies that are laborious to identify; therefore, a routine diagnostic tool would be worthwhile. Results We used principal component analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis, and single-peak analysis to examine peak lists derived from matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF MS) mass spectra of 50 clinical M. abscessus complex isolates, including 28 M. abscessus (sensu stricto), 19 M. massiliense, and 3 M. bolletii isolates grown in mycobacterium growth indicator tube liquid medium and prepared with a bead-based protocol. Principal component analysis but not hierarchical cluster analysis separated M. abscessus (sensu stricto) isolates and M. massiliense isolates into two clusters. Furthermore, single-peak analysis displayed 4 discriminating peaks that separated M. abscessus (sensu stricto) from M. massiliense isolates. M. bolletii isolates did not exhibit specific peaks but resembled the M. abscessus (sensu stricto) peak profile and also grouped within this principal component analysis cluster. Principal component analysis of all peak lists with the exclusion of the four discriminating peaks again separated M. abscessus (sensu stricto) from M. massiliense isolates, thus relativizing the importance of these peaks for subspecies identification. Conclusions Principal component analysis of peak lists derived from MALDI TOF mass spectra is a robust and convenient method of discriminating M. massiliense isolates from the other members of the M. abscessus complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kehrmann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - Sarah Wessel
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Roshni Murali
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Annegret Hampel
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Franz-Christoph Bange
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Jan Buer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Frank Mosel
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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García CA, Alcaraz ES, Franco MA, Passerini de Rossi BN. Iron is a signal for Stenotrophomonas maltophilia biofilm formation, oxidative stress response, OMPs expression, and virulence. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:926. [PMID: 26388863 PMCID: PMC4559654 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an emerging nosocomial pathogen. In many bacteria iron availability regulates, through the Fur system, not only iron homeostasis but also virulence. The aim of this work was to assess the role of iron on S. maltophilia biofilm formation, EPS production, oxidative stress response, OMPs regulation, quorum sensing (QS), and virulence. Studies were done on K279a and its isogenic fur mutant F60 cultured in the presence or absence of dipyridyl. This is the first report of spontaneous fur mutants obtained in S. maltophilia. F60 produced higher amounts of biofilms than K279a and CLSM analysis demonstrated improved adherence and biofilm organization. Under iron restricted conditions, K279a produced biofilms with more biomass and enhanced thickness. In addition, F60 produced higher amounts of EPS than K279a but with a similar composition, as revealed by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. With respect to the oxidative stress response, MnSOD was the only SOD isoenzyme detected in K279a. F60 presented higher SOD activity than the wt strain in planktonic and biofilm cultures, and iron deprivation increased K279a SOD activity. Under iron starvation, SDS-PAGE profile from K279a presented two iron-repressed proteins. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed homology with FepA and another putative TonB-dependent siderophore receptor of K279a. In silico analysis allowed the detection of potential Fur boxes in the respective coding genes. K279a encodes the QS diffusible signal factor (DSF). Under iron restriction K279a produced higher amounts of DSF than under iron rich condition. Finally, F60 was more virulent than K279a in the Galleria mellonella killing assay. These results put in evidence that iron levels regulate, likely through the Fur system, S. maltophilia biofilm formation, oxidative stress response, OMPs expression, DSF production and virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A García
- Cátedra de Microbiología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eliana S Alcaraz
- Cátedra de Microbiología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mirta A Franco
- Cátedra de Microbiología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Beatriz N Passerini de Rossi
- Cátedra de Microbiología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires, Argentina
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