1
|
Voronina AK, Arapidi GP. Helicobacter cinaedi bacterium association with atherosclerosis and other diseases. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1371717. [PMID: 38650874 PMCID: PMC11033375 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1371717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter is a genus of spiral-shaped Gram-negative enterohepatic bacteria whose members are capable of causing bacteremia in humans. One of the poorly studied members of this genus is the bacterium Helicobacter cinaedi. This microorganism was first isolated from human fecal samples in 1984. Although it was long considered to be associated with only immunocompromised patients, more evidence in recent years has implicated H. cinaedi in causing serious pathologies in immunocompetent populations. In addition, H. cinaedi is also reported to be associated with a few chronic or severe illnesses, such as atherosclerosis, which in turn can lead to the development of other cardiovascular pathologies: one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Helicobacter cinaedi often goes unnoticed in standard diagnostic methods due to its slow growth under microaerobic conditions. This often leads to significant underdetection and hence undermines the role of this bacterium in the pathogenesis of various diseases and the extent of its spread in humans. In this review, we have compiled information on pathologies associated with H. cinaedi, the occurrence of the bacterium in humans and animals, and the latest developments in diagnosing the bacterium and treating associated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice K. Voronina
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Georgij P. Arapidi
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
A report of nonexistence of the non-Helicobacter pylori Helicobacter species in Iranian patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2021; 66:751-759. [PMID: 34101130 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-021-00883-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic, relapsing-remitting gastrointestinal disorder which has become a serious global concern, and it imposes a great degree of health and economic burdens on communities worldwide. Although the presence of non-Helicobacter pylori Helicobacter (NHPH) microorganisms has been reported in various gastrointestinal disorders, their putative role in the pathogenesis of IBD has been a matter of controversy. The present study aimed to investigate the existence of gastric and enterohepatic NHPHs and their probable coinfection with H. pylori in IBD. Totally, 168 clinical specimens including 70 colonic biopsies and 98 fecal specimens were obtained from IBD patients. Genomic DNA was extracted from all samples, and its quality and concentration were assessed by β-globin PCR and spectrophotometry. The Helicobacter genus-specific PCR was performed using 16S rRNA gene. All samples were also tested for H. pylori infection by PCR of ureC gene fragment (glmM). The presence of NHPH was examined by using species-specific PCR assays. Based on PCR results, H. pylori was detected in 12.9% and 3.1% of colonic biopsies and fecal specimens, respectively. However, no statistically significant correlation was observed (P value > 0.05). We failed to find NHPH in both colonic biopsies and fecal specimens from IBD patients. Despite the fact that none of the IBD patients harbored the NHPH in the current work, further cohorts with larger sample size are required to determine the possible relationship between NHPH infection and IBD pathogenesis.
Collapse
|
3
|
Tegtmeyer N, Rivas Traverso F, Rohde M, Oyarzabal OA, Lehn N, Schneider-Brachert W, Ferrero RL, Fox JG, Berg DE, Backert S. Electron microscopic, genetic and protein expression analyses of Helicobacter acinonychis strains from a Bengal tiger. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71220. [PMID: 23940723 PMCID: PMC3733902 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Colonization by Helicobacter species is commonly noted in many mammals. These infections often remain unrecognized, but can cause severe health complications or more subtle host immune perturbations. The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize putative novel Helicobacter spp. from Bengal tigers in Thailand. Morphological investigation (Gram-staining and electron microscopy) and genetic studies (16SrRNA, 23SrRNA, flagellin, urease and prophage gene analyses, RAPD DNA fingerprinting and restriction fragment polymorphisms) as well as Western blotting were used to characterize the isolated Helicobacters. Electron microscopy revealed spiral-shaped bacteria, which varied in length (2.5-6 µm) and contained up to four monopolar sheathed flagella. The 16SrRNA, 23SrRNA, sequencing and protein expression analyses identified novel H. acinonychis isolates closely related to H. pylori. These Asian isolates are genetically very similar to H. acinonychis strains of other big cats (cheetahs, lions, lion-tiger hybrid and other tigers) from North America and Europe, which is remarkable in the context of the great genetic diversity among worldwide H. pylori strains. We also found by immunoblotting that the Bengal tiger isolates express UreaseA/B, flagellin, BabA adhesin, neutrophil-activating protein NapA, HtrA protease, γ-glutamyl-transpeptidase GGT, Slt lytic transglycosylase and two DNA transfer relaxase orthologs that were known from H. pylori, but not the cag pathogenicity island, nor CagA, VacA, SabA, DupA or OipA proteins. These results give fresh insights into H. acinonychis genetics and the expression of potential pathogenicity-associated factors and their possible pathophysiological relevance in related gastric infections.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bacterial Proteins/analysis
- DNA Fingerprinting
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial
- Genes, Bacterial
- Helicobacter/genetics
- Helicobacter/isolation & purification
- Helicobacter/ultrastructure
- Helicobacter Infections/microbiology
- Helicobacter Infections/veterinary
- Microscopy, Electron
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/analysis
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 23S/analysis
- RNA, Ribosomal, 23S/genetics
- Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique
- Tigers/microbiology
- Urease/genetics
- Urease/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Tegtmeyer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Manfred Rohde
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Omar A. Oyarzabal
- Institute for Environmental Health, Inc., Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Norbert Lehn
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Wulf Schneider-Brachert
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Richard L. Ferrero
- Centre for Innate Immunity & Infectious Diseases, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Australia
| | - James G. Fox
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Douglas E. Berg
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Steffen Backert
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Traverso FR, Bohr URM, Oyarzabal OA, Rohde M, Clarici A, Wex T, Kuester D, Malfertheiner P, Fox JG, Backert S. Morphologic, genetic, and biochemical characterization of Helicobacter magdeburgensis, a novel species isolated from the intestine of laboratory mice. Helicobacter 2010; 15:403-15. [PMID: 21083746 PMCID: PMC4369761 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-5378.2010.00770.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence of enterohepatic Helicobacter species (EHS) is commonly noted in mouse colonies. These infections often remain unrecognized but can cause severe health complications or more subtle host immune perturbations and therefore can confound the results of animal experiments. The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize a putative novel EHS that has previously been detected by PCR screening of specific-pathogen-free mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Biochemical analysis of enzyme activities (API campy), morphologic investigation (Gram-staining and electron microscopy) and genetic analyses (16SrRNA and 23SrRNA analyses, DNA fingerprinting, restriction fragment polymorphisms, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis) were used to characterize isolated EHS. Genomic DNA fragments were sequenced to develop a species-specific PCR detection assay. RESULTS Scanning electron microscopy revealed the presence of spiral-shaped EHS, which varied in length (2.5-6 μm) and contained single monopolar or single bipolar sheathed flagella. The bacteria were grown under anaerobic conditions, preferably on agar plates containing serum or blood. The 16SrRNA, genetic, and biochemical analyses indicated the identification of a novel EHS species, named Helicobacter magdeburgensis. We also examined the genome content using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Based on the pattern produced by two restriction enzymes, BamIII and KspI, the genome size was determined to be about 1.7-1.8 Mbp. CONCLUSION We isolated and characterized a novel EHS species, H. magdeburgensis, morphologically, biochemically, and genetically. These results are important for future studies on the prevalence and pathophysiologic relevance of such infections. Our PCR assay can be used to detect and discriminate H. magdeburgensis from other Helicobacter species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Rivas Traverso
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich R. M. Bohr
- Department of Gastroenterology, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Omar A. Oyarzabal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36101, USA
| | - Manfred Rohde
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Alexandra Clarici
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Wex
- Department of Gastroenterology, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Doerthe Kuester
- Department of Pathology, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Peter Malfertheiner
- Department of Gastroenterology, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - James G. Fox
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Steffen Backert
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Marini RP, Muthupalani S, Shen Z, Buckley EM, Alvarado C, Taylor NS, Dewhirst FE, Whary MT, Patterson MM, Fox JG. Persistent infection of rhesus monkeys with 'Helicobacter macacae' and its isolation from an animal with intestinal adenocarcinoma. J Med Microbiol 2010; 59:961-969. [PMID: 20413623 PMCID: PMC3052472 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.019117-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2010] [Accepted: 04/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel helicobacter, 'Helicobacter macacae', was previously isolated from a colony of rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys in which diarrhoea from chronic idiopathic colitis was enzootic. A survey performed in a second colony of rhesus monkeys without a history of chronic diarrhoea determined that 57 % were faecal-culture positive for Helicobacter species. Ten years after the survey, one of the animals from which 'H. macacae' had been isolated, a 23-year-old, intact male rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta), presented with partial inappetence and progressive weight loss. Subsequent evaluation of the monkey revealed anaemia, hypoproteinaemia, hypoalbuminaemia and a palpable abdominal mass. Contrast radiography suggested partial intestinal obstruction. The animal was euthanized and a diagnosis was made of intestinal adenocarcinoma of the ileocaecocolic junction with metastasis to regional lymph nodes and liver. Microaerobic culture of caecal tissue yielded a helicobacter organism identified as 'H. macacae' by 16S rRNA gene sequencing - the same species of bacteria isolated 10 years previously. The liver, small intestine and colon were also positive by PCR for Helicobacter species. Intestinal adenocarcinoma is the most common malignancy of aged macaques. Faeces or caecal tissue from five out of five monkeys that remained from the original cohort and that were colonized with 'H. macacae' in the initial survey were positive for the organism. The apparent persistence of 'H. macacae' in these animals, the isolation of the bacterium from animals with colitis and the recognition of the importance of inflammation in carcinogenesis raise the possibility of an aetiological role in the genesis of intestinal adenocarcinoma in aged rhesus monkeys.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert P. Marini
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sureshkumar Muthupalani
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Zeli Shen
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ellen M. Buckley
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Cynthia Alvarado
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Nancy S. Taylor
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Floyd E. Dewhirst
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Forsyth Institute, 140 The Fenway, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mark T. Whary
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Mary M. Patterson
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - James G. Fox
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tu QV, Okoli AS, Kovach Z, Mendz GL. Hepatocellular carcinoma: prevalence and molecular pathogenesis of Helicobacter spp. Future Microbiol 2009; 4:1283-301. [PMID: 19995189 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.09.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection is one of the most common chronic bacterial infections in humans. The association of other Helicobacter spp. with extragastric diseases in animals is well established, and a role of these bacteria in human liver disease is becoming clearer. Several case-control studies have reported possible associations of Helicobacter spp. with various liver diseases, including hepatocellular carcinoma, which is the fifth most common type of carcinoma among men worldwide, and the eighth most common among women. Thus, it is important to understand molecular mechanisms that may lead to hepatotoxicity or hepatocellular dysfunction in which Helicobacter spp. may play a role in inducing malignant transformation of liver cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quoc V Tu
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cytolethal distending toxin promotes Helicobacter cinaedi-associated typhlocolitis in interleukin-10-deficient mice. Infect Immun 2009; 77:2508-16. [PMID: 19307212 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00166-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter cinaedi colonizes a wide host range, including rodents, and may be an emerging zoonotic agent. Colonization parameters, pathology, serology, and inflammatory responses to wild-type H. cinaedi (WT(Hc)) were evaluated in B6.129P2-IL-10(tm1Cgn) (IL-10(-/-)) mice for 36 weeks postinfection (WPI) and in C57BL/6 (B6) mice for 12 WPI. Because cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) may be a virulence factor, IL-10(-/-) mice were also infected with the cdtB(Hc) and cdtB-N(Hc) isogenic mutants and evaluated for 12 WPI. Consistent with other murine enterohepatic helicobacters, WT(Hc) did not cause typhlocolitis in B6 mice, but mild to severe lesions developed at the cecocolic junction in IL-10(-/-) mice, despite similar colonization levels of WT(Hc) in the cecum and colon of both B6 and IL-10(-/-) mice. WT(Hc) and cdtB mutants also colonized IL-10(-/-) mice to a similar extent, but infection with either cdtB mutant resulted in attenuated typhlocolitis and hyperplasia compared to infection with WT(Hc) (P < 0.03), and only WT(Hc) infection caused dysplasia and intramucosal carcinoma. WT(Hc) and cdtB(Hc) mutant infection of IL-10(-/-) mice elevated mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and gamma interferon in the cecum, as well as elevated Th1-associated serum immunoglobulin G2a(b) compared to infection of B6 mice (P < 0.05). Although no hepatitis was noted, liver samples were PCR positive at various time points for WT(Hc) or the cdtB(Hc) mutant in approximately 33% of IL-10(-/-) mice and in 10 to 20% of WT(Hc)-infected B6 mice. These results indicate that WT(Hc) can be used to model inflammatory bowel disease in IL-10(-/-) mice and that CDT contributes to the virulence of H. cinaedi.
Collapse
|
8
|
Man SM, Zhang L, Day AS, Leach S, Mitchell H. Detection of enterohepatic and gastric helicobacter species in fecal specimens of children with Crohn's disease. Helicobacter 2008; 13:234-8. [PMID: 18665930 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-5378.2008.00607.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although there is compelling evidence to support the role of bacteria in Crohn's disease (CD), there is currently no solid evidence to support the role of any one specific bacterial causative agent. Recent studies have suggested that members of the Helicobacteraceae may play a role in the development of CD. The aim of this study was to further investigate the presence of members of the Helicobacteraceae in children with and without CD. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fecal specimens from 29 children with CD, 11 healthy, normal controls, and 26 symptomatic controls with non-inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) pathology were obtained for DNA extraction and subjected to Helicobacteraceae-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). All PCR-positive samples were sequenced. The association between the presence of members of the Helicobacteraceae and each study group was statistically analysed using the Fisher's exact test. RESULTS Based on Helicobacteraceae-specific PCR analysis, 59% (17 of 29) of the children with CD were positive, which was significantly higher than that in asymptomatic healthy children [9% (1 of 11); p = .01] and that in symptomatic children with non-IBD pathology [0% (0/26); p < .0001]. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene of positive samples revealed the presence of both enterohepatic Helicobacter species and Helicobacter pylori in fecal specimens. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, enterohepatic and gastric Helicobacter species have been identified in fecal specimens from children diagnosed with CD using PCR. Our data suggest that Helicobacter species may have a pathogenic role in the development of CD in a considerable proportion of children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Si Ming Man
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kransler KM, McGarrigle BP, Russell RJ, Olson JR. Effects of Helicobacter infection on developmental toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in Holtzman rats. Lab Anim (NY) 2008; 37:171-5. [DOI: 10.1038/laban0408-171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2007] [Accepted: 09/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
10
|
Isolation and characterization of a novel helicobacter species, "Helicobacter macacae," from rhesus monkeys with and without chronic idiopathic colitis. J Clin Microbiol 2007; 45:4061-3. [PMID: 17928421 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01100-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic idiopathic colitis is a common clinical entity in young captive rhesus monkeys. Eight isolates, cultured from five monkeys in colony 1 with endemic diarrhea and three from colony 2 without diarrhea, were grown under microaerobic conditions on selective agar and were classified by full 16S rRNA sequence, biochemical, and phenotypic analysis as a novel helicobacter, "Helicobacter macacae" (proposed name). All eight strains of H. macacae had 99.5% identical 16S rRNA sequences.
Collapse
|