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Mitchell NL, Russell KN, Barrell GK, Tammen I, Palmer DN. Characterization of neuropathology in ovine CLN5 and CLN6 neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (Batten disease). Dev Neurobiol 2023; 83:127-142. [PMID: 37246363 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Sheep with naturally occurring CLN5 and CLN6 forms of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (Batten disease) share the key clinical features of the human disease and represent an ideal model system in which the clinical efficacy of gene therapies is developed and test. However, it was first important to characterize the neuropathological changes that occur with disease progression in affected sheep. This study compared neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation, and lysosomal storage accumulation in CLN5 affected Borderdale, CLN6 affected South Hampshire, and Merino sheep brains from birth to end-stage disease at ≤24 months of age. Despite very different gene products, mutations, and subcellular localizations, the pathogenic cascade was remarkably similar for all three disease models. Glial activation was present at birth in affected sheep and preceded neuronal loss, with both spreading from the visual and parieto-occipital cortices most prominently associated with clinical symptoms to the entire cortical mantle by end-stage disease. In contrast, the subcortical regions were less involved, yet lysosomal storage followed a near-linear increase across the diseased sheep brain with age. Correlation of these neuropathological changes with published clinical data identified three potential therapeutic windows in affected sheep-presymptomatic (3 months), early symptomatic (6 months), and a later symptomatic disease stage (9 months of age)-beyond which the extensive depletion of neurons was likely to diminish any chance of therapeutic benefit. This comprehensive natural history of the neuropathological changes in ovine CLN5 and CLN6 disease will be integral in determining what impact treatment has at each of these disease stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia L Mitchell
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Katharina N Russell
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Graham K Barrell
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Imke Tammen
- Faculty of Science, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David N Palmer
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
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Pervin S, Islam MS, Tada N, Tsutsui T, Rahman MM, Yabuki A, Tacharina MR, Rakib TM, Maki S, Yamato O. Screening and Carrier Rate of Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis in Chihuahua Dogs in Japan. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:1210. [PMID: 35565635 PMCID: PMC9106037 DOI: 10.3390/ani12091210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL) is a group of rare lethal neurodegenerative lysosomal storage diseases that occur in a range of dog breeds, including Chihuahuas. Recently, a homozygous single base-pair deletion (c.846delT), which causes a frame shift generating a premature stop codon (p.Phe282Leufs13*) in the canine CLN7/MFSD8 gene, has been identified as a causative mutation for NCL in Chihuahuas. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of the mutant allele and/or carrier rate of NCL in Chihuahuas in Japan using a newly designed real-time PCR assay. Samples of saliva were randomly collected from 1007 Chihuahua puppies during physical examinations prior to the transportation to pet shops. Screening results revealed a carrier rate of 1.29%, indicating a mutant allele frequency (0.00645) that is considered sufficiently high to warrant measures for the control and prevention of this lethal disease. The genotyping assay designed in this study could make a valuable contribution to the control and prevention of NCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahnaj Pervin
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; (S.P.); (M.S.I.); (N.T.); (M.M.R.); (A.Y.); (M.R.T.); (T.M.R.); (S.M.)
| | - Md Shafiqul Islam
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; (S.P.); (M.S.I.); (N.T.); (M.M.R.); (A.Y.); (M.R.T.); (T.M.R.); (S.M.)
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chattogram 4225, Bangladesh
| | - Naomi Tada
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; (S.P.); (M.S.I.); (N.T.); (M.M.R.); (A.Y.); (M.R.T.); (T.M.R.); (S.M.)
- Japan Institute of Small Animal Reproduction (Bio Art), 3-16-9 Uchikanda, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0047, Japan;
| | - Toshihiko Tsutsui
- Japan Institute of Small Animal Reproduction (Bio Art), 3-16-9 Uchikanda, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0047, Japan;
| | - Mohammad Mahbubur Rahman
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; (S.P.); (M.S.I.); (N.T.); (M.M.R.); (A.Y.); (M.R.T.); (T.M.R.); (S.M.)
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chattogram 4225, Bangladesh
| | - Akira Yabuki
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; (S.P.); (M.S.I.); (N.T.); (M.M.R.); (A.Y.); (M.R.T.); (T.M.R.); (S.M.)
| | - Martia Rani Tacharina
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; (S.P.); (M.S.I.); (N.T.); (M.M.R.); (A.Y.); (M.R.T.); (T.M.R.); (S.M.)
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Campus C, Jl. Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Tofazzal Md Rakib
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; (S.P.); (M.S.I.); (N.T.); (M.M.R.); (A.Y.); (M.R.T.); (T.M.R.); (S.M.)
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chattogram 4225, Bangladesh
| | - Shinichiro Maki
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; (S.P.); (M.S.I.); (N.T.); (M.M.R.); (A.Y.); (M.R.T.); (T.M.R.); (S.M.)
| | - Osamu Yamato
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; (S.P.); (M.S.I.); (N.T.); (M.M.R.); (A.Y.); (M.R.T.); (T.M.R.); (S.M.)
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Campus C, Jl. Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
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Tamura S, Tamura Y, Nakamoto Y, Hasegawa D, Tsuboi M, Uchida K, Yabuki A, Yamato O. Positioning Head Tilt in Canine Lysosomal Storage Disease: A Retrospective Observational Descriptive Study. Front Vet Sci 2022; 8:802668. [PMID: 34970622 PMCID: PMC8712568 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.802668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Positioning head tilt is a neurological sign that has recently been described in dogs with congenital cerebellar malformations. This head tilt is triggered in response to head movement and is believed to be caused by a lack of inhibition of the vestibular nuclei by the cerebellar nodulus and ventral uvula (NU), as originally reported cases were dogs with NU hypoplasia. We hypothesized that other diseases, such as lysosomal storage diseases that cause degeneration in the whole brain, including NU, may cause NU dysfunction and positioning head tilt. Videos of the clinical signs of canine lysosomal storage disease were retrospectively evaluated. In addition, post-mortem NU specimens from each dog were histopathologically evaluated. Nine dogs were included, five with lysosomal storage disease, two Chihuahuas with neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL), two Border Collies with NCL, one Shikoku Inu with NCL, two Toy Poodles with GM2 gangliosidosis, and two Shiba Inus with GM1 gangliosidosis. Twenty-eight videos recorded the clinical signs of the dogs. In these videos, positioning head tilt was observed in seven of nine dogs, two Chihuahuas with NCL, one Border Collie with NCL, one Shikoku Inu with NCL, one Toy Poodle with GM2 gangliosidosis, and two Shiba Inus with GM1 gangliosidosis. Neuronal degeneration and loss of NU were histopathologically confirmed in all diseases. As positioning head tilt had not been described until 2016, it may have been overlooked and may be a common clinical sign and pathophysiology in dogs with NU dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yuya Nakamoto
- Neuro Vets Animal Neurology Clinic, Kyoto, Japan.,Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hasegawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Radiology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaya Tsuboi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Uchida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Yabuki
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Osamu Yamato
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
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Adult-Onset Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis in a Shikoku Inu. Vet Sci 2021; 8:vetsci8100227. [PMID: 34679057 PMCID: PMC8538799 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8100227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A two-year-and-eleven-month-old male Shikoku Inu was referred for evaluation of progressive gait abnormality that had begun three months prior. Neurological examination revealed ventral flexion of the neck, a wide-based stance in the hindlimb, wide excursions of the head from side to side, tremor in all four limbs, hypermetria in all four limbs, proprioceptive deficits in all four limbs, reduced patellar reflex in both hindlimbs, and postural vertical nystagmus. Later, behavioral and cognitive dysfunction, ataxia, and visual deficits slowly progressed. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed symmetrical progressive atrophy of the whole brain and cervical spinal cord. Bilateral retinal degeneration was observed, and both flush and flicker electroretinograms were bilaterally non-recordable at the age of five years and eight months, and the dog was euthanized. Histopathologically, faint-to-moderate deposition of light-brown pigments was frequently observed in the cytoplasm of neurons throughout the cerebrum, cerebellum, and nuclei of the brainstem. The pigments were positive for Luxol fast blue, periodic acid–Schiff, and Sudan black B, and exhibited autofluorescence. Electron microscopic examination revealed the accumulation of membranous material deposition in the neuronal cytoplasm. Small foci of pigment-containing macrophages were frequently observed around the capillary vessels. Based on these clinical and pathological findings, the animal was diagnosed with adult-onset neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis.
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Basak I, Wicky HE, McDonald KO, Xu JB, Palmer JE, Best HL, Lefrancois S, Lee SY, Schoderboeck L, Hughes SM. A lysosomal enigma CLN5 and its significance in understanding neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:4735-4763. [PMID: 33792748 PMCID: PMC8195759 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03813-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis (NCL), also known as Batten disease, is an incurable childhood brain disease. The thirteen forms of NCL are caused by mutations in thirteen CLN genes. Mutations in one CLN gene, CLN5, cause variant late-infantile NCL, with an age of onset between 4 and 7 years. The CLN5 protein is ubiquitously expressed in the majority of tissues studied and in the brain, CLN5 shows both neuronal and glial cell expression. Mutations in CLN5 are associated with the accumulation of autofluorescent storage material in lysosomes, the recycling units of the cell, in the brain and peripheral tissues. CLN5 resides in the lysosome and its function is still elusive. Initial studies suggested CLN5 was a transmembrane protein, which was later revealed to be processed into a soluble form. Multiple glycosylation sites have been reported, which may dictate its localisation and function. CLN5 interacts with several CLN proteins, and other lysosomal proteins, making it an important candidate to understand lysosomal biology. The existing knowledge on CLN5 biology stems from studies using several model organisms, including mice, sheep, cattle, dogs, social amoeba and cell cultures. Each model organism has its advantages and limitations, making it crucial to adopt a combinatorial approach, using both human cells and model organisms, to understand CLN5 pathologies and design drug therapies. In this comprehensive review, we have summarised and critiqued existing literature on CLN5 and have discussed the missing pieces of the puzzle that need to be addressed to develop an efficient therapy for CLN5 Batten disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Basak
- Neurodegenerative and Lysosomal Disease Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, 710 Cumberland Street, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
| | - H E Wicky
- Neurodegenerative and Lysosomal Disease Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, 710 Cumberland Street, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
| | - K O McDonald
- Neurodegenerative and Lysosomal Disease Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, 710 Cumberland Street, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
| | - J B Xu
- Neurodegenerative and Lysosomal Disease Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, 710 Cumberland Street, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
| | - J E Palmer
- Neurodegenerative and Lysosomal Disease Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, 710 Cumberland Street, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
| | - H L Best
- Neurodegenerative and Lysosomal Disease Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, 710 Cumberland Street, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Wales, CF10 3AX, United Kingdom
| | - S Lefrancois
- Centre INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, INRS, Laval, H7V 1B7, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B2, Canada
| | - S Y Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - L Schoderboeck
- Neurodegenerative and Lysosomal Disease Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, 710 Cumberland Street, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
| | - S M Hughes
- Neurodegenerative and Lysosomal Disease Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, 710 Cumberland Street, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand.
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Soh PXY, Hsu WT, Khatkar MS, Williamson P. Evaluation of genetic diversity and management of disease in Border Collie dogs. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6243. [PMID: 33737533 PMCID: PMC7973533 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85262-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintaining genetic diversity in dog breeds is an important consideration for the management of inherited diseases. We evaluated genetic diversity in Border Collies using molecular and genealogical methods, and examined changes to genetic diversity when carriers for Trapped Neutrophil Syndrome (TNS) and Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis (NCL) are removed from the genotyped population. Genotype data for 255 Border Collies and a pedigree database of 83,996 Border Collies were used for analysis. Molecular estimates revealed a mean multi-locus heterozygosity (MLH) of 0.311 (SD 0.027), 20.79% of the genome consisted of runs of homozygosity (ROH ) > 1 Mb, effective population size (Ne) was 84.7, and mean inbreeding (F) was 0.052 (SD 0.083). For 227 genotyped Border Collies that had available pedigree information (GenoPed), molecular and pedigree estimates of diversity were compared. A reference population (dogs born between 2005 and 2015, inclusive; N = 13,523; RefPop) and their ancestors (N = 12,478) were used to evaluate the diversity of the population that are contributing to the current generation. The reference population had a Ne of 123.5, a mean F of 0.095 (SD 0.082), 2276 founders (f), 205.5 effective founders (fe), 28 effective ancestors (fa) and 10.65 (SD 2.82) founder genomes (Ng). Removing TNS and NCL carriers from the genotyped population had a small impact on diversity measures (ROH > 1 Mb, MLH, heterozygosity), however, there was a loss of > 10% minor allele frequency for 89 SNPs around the TNS mutation (maximum loss of 12.7%), and a loss of > 5% for 5 SNPs around the NCL mutation (maximum 5.18%). A common ancestor was identified for 38 TNS-affected dogs and 64 TNS carriers, and a different common ancestor was identified for 33 NCL-affected dogs and 28 carriers, with some overlap of prominent individuals between both pedigrees. Overall, Border Collies have a high level of genetic diversity compared to other breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Xing Yi Soh
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XSchool of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Wei Tse Hsu
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XSchool of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Mehar Singh Khatkar
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XSydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Peter Williamson
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XSchool of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
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Liu W, Kleine-Holthaus SM, Herranz-Martin S, Aristorena M, Mole SE, Smith AJ, Ali RR, Rahim AA. Experimental gene therapies for the NCLs. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165772. [PMID: 32220628 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs), also known as Batten disease, are a group of rare monogenic neurodegenerative diseases predominantly affecting children. All NCLs are lethal and incurable and only one has an approved treatment available. To date, 13 NCL subtypes (CLN1-8, CLN10-14) have been identified, based on the particular disease-causing defective gene. The exact functions of NCL proteins and the pathological mechanisms underlying the diseases are still unclear. However, gene therapy has emerged as an attractive therapeutic strategy for this group of conditions. Here we provide a short review discussing updates on the current gene therapy studies for the NCLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfei Liu
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, UK
| | | | - Saul Herranz-Martin
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, UK; Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (UAM-CSIC) and Departamento de Biología Molecular,Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Sara E Mole
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK; UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guildford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | | | - Robin R Ali
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, UK; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Ahad A Rahim
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, UK.
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Huber RJ, Hughes SM, Liu W, Morgan A, Tuxworth RI, Russell C. The contribution of multicellular model organisms to neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis research. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1866:165614. [PMID: 31783156 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.165614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The NCLs (neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis) are forms of neurodegenerative disease that affect people of all ages and ethnicities but are most prevalent in children. Commonly known as Batten disease, this debilitating neurological disorder is comprised of 13 different subtypes that are categorized based on the particular gene that is mutated (CLN1-8, CLN10-14). The pathological mechanisms underlying the NCLs are not well understood due to our poor understanding of the functions of NCL proteins. Only one specific treatment (enzyme replacement therapy) is approved, which is for the treating the brain in CLN2 disease. Hence there remains a desperate need for further research into disease-modifying treatments. In this review, we present and evaluate the genes, proteins and studies performed in the social amoeba, nematode, fruit fly, zebrafish, mouse and large animals pertinent to NCL. In particular, we highlight the use of multicellular model organisms to study NCL protein function, pathology and pathomechanisms. Their use in testing novel therapeutic approaches is also presented. With this information, we highlight how future research in these systems may be able to provide new insight into NCL protein functions in human cells and aid in the development of new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Huber
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario K9L 0G2, Canada
| | - Stephanie M Hughes
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brain Health Research Centre and Genetics Otago, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Wenfei Liu
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Alan Morgan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Crown St., Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - Richard I Tuxworth
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Claire Russell
- Dept. Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK.
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9
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Villani NA, Bullock G, Michaels JR, Yamato O, O'Brien DP, Mhlanga-Mutangadura T, Johnson GS, Katz ML. A mixed breed dog with neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis is homozygous for a CLN5 nonsense mutation previously identified in Border Collies and Australian Cattle Dogs. Mol Genet Metab 2019; 127:107-115. [PMID: 31101435 PMCID: PMC6555421 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs) are a group of inherited neurodegenerative disorders characterized by progressive declines in neurological functions following normal development. The NCLs are distinguished from similar disorders by the accumulation of autofluorescent lysosomal storage bodies in neurons and many other cell types, and are classified as lysosomal storage diseases. At least 13 genes contain pathogenic sequence variants that underlie different forms of NCL. Naturally occurring canine NCLs can serve as models to develop better understanding of the disease pathologies and for preclinical evaluation of therapeutic interventions for these disorders. To date 14 sequence variants in 8 canine orthologs of human NCL genes have been found to cause progressive neurological disorders similar to human NCLs in 12 different dog breeds. A mixed breed dog with parents of uncertain breed background developed progressive neurological signs consistent with NCL starting at approximately 11 to 12 months of age, and when evaluated with magnetic resonance imaging at 21 months of age exhibited diffuse brain atrophy. Due to the severity of neurological decline the dog was euthanized at 23 months of age. Cerebellar and cerebral cortical neurons contained massive accumulations of autofluorescent storage bodies the contents of which had the appearance of tightly packed membranes. A whole genome sequence, generated with DNA from the affected dog contained a homozygous C-to-T transition at position 30,574,637 on chromosome 22 which is reflected in the mature CLN5 transcript (CLN5: c.619C > T) and converts a glutamine codon to a termination codon (p.Gln207Ter). The identical nonsense mutation has been previously associated with NCL in Border Collies, Australian Cattle Dogs, and a German Shepherd-Australian Cattle Dog mix. The current whole genome sequence and a previously generated whole genome sequence for an Australian Cattle Dog with NCL share a rare homozygous haplotype that extends for 87 kb surrounding 22: 30, 574, 637 and includes 21 polymorphic sites. When genotyped at 7 of these polymorphic sites, DNA samples from the German Shepherd-Australian Cattle Dog mix and from 5 Border Collies with NCL that were homozygous for the CLN5: c.619 T allele also shared this homozygous haplotype, suggesting that the NCL in all of these dogs stems from the same founding mutation event that may have predated the establishment of the modern dog breeds. If so, the CLN5 nonsence allele is probably segregating in other, as yet unidentified, breeds. Thus, dogs exhibiting similar NCL-like signs should be screened for this CLN5 nonsense allele regardless of breed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie A Villani
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Garrett Bullock
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | | | - Osamu Yamato
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Dennis P O'Brien
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | | | - Gary S Johnson
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Martin L Katz
- Mason Eye Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
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Maeda K, Inoue M, Tanaka M, Momozawa Y. Evidence of genetic contribution to patellar luxation in Toy Poodle puppies. J Vet Med Sci 2019; 81:532-537. [PMID: 30745525 PMCID: PMC6483903 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.18-0485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Patellar luxation (PL) is one of the most common orthopedic disorders in dogs and a
genetic factor is considered to play an important role in the development of PL. Genomic
analysis has attempted to identify the genetic markers associated with the development of
PL but only suggestive markers have been identified. Carefully selecting breeds with
higher incidence rates of congenital PL as well as affected dogs with more severe symptoms
are required, but such information remains limited to date. This study aimed to assess the
genetic contribution to the development of PL in puppies. Using data on PL from 2,048
puppies of the nine common breeds in Japan, the association of PL grades between the
limbs, breed, and sex as well as the concordance of PL between littermates were examined.
A significant correlation was found between right and left limbs in PL grades in all the
puppies (Spearman rank correlation coefficient (rs)=0.91,
P<0.001) and for each breed (rs=0.81–0.93,
P<0.001). In total, 20.3% of the puppies were affected. The
inter-breed difference in PL prevalence was 2.1–38.1%, and Toy Poodles showed the highest
prevalence rates. Littermates of the affected puppies with PL grade ≥2 had a 16.2-fold
higher risk (P<0.001). Thus, these results suggest that PL in puppies
is primarily influenced by genetics, especially in Toy Poodles. These data highlight the
necessity of using a breeding scheme to decrease the prevalence of PL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Maeda
- Anicom Insurance, Inc., 8-17-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 171-0033, Japan
| | - Mai Inoue
- Anicom Insurance, Inc., 8-17-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 171-0033, Japan
| | - Miho Tanaka
- Anicom Insurance, Inc., 8-17-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 171-0033, Japan
| | - Yukihide Momozawa
- Laboratory for Genotyping Development, RIKEN Centre for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
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11
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Cheng KY, Soh PXY, Bennett PF, Williamson P. Lymphoma in Australian Border Collies: survey results and pedigree analyses. Aust Vet J 2019; 97:14-22. [DOI: 10.1111/avj.12780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- KY Cheng
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Evelyn Williams Building B10; The University of Sydney; New South Wales 2006 Australia
| | - PXY Soh
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Evelyn Williams Building B10; The University of Sydney; New South Wales 2006 Australia
| | - PF Bennett
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Evelyn Williams Building B10; The University of Sydney; New South Wales 2006 Australia
| | - P Williamson
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Evelyn Williams Building B10; The University of Sydney; New South Wales 2006 Australia
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12
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Kolicheski A, Johnson GS, O'Brien DP, Mhlanga-Mutangadura T, Gilliam D, Guo J, Anderson-Sieg TD, Schnabel RD, Taylor JF, Lebowitz A, Swanson B, Hicks D, Niman ZE, Wininger FA, Carpentier MC, Katz ML. Australian Cattle Dogs with Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis are Homozygous for a CLN5 Nonsense Mutation Previously Identified in Border Collies. J Vet Intern Med 2016; 30:1149-58. [PMID: 27203721 PMCID: PMC5084771 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.13971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL), a fatal neurodegenerative disease, has been diagnosed in young adult Australian Cattle Dogs. Objective Characterize the Australian Cattle Dog form of NCL and determine its molecular genetic cause. Animals Tissues from 4 Australian Cattle Dogs with NCL‐like signs and buccal swabs from both parents of a fifth affected breed member. Archived DNA samples from 712 individual dogs were genotyped. Methods Tissues were examined by fluorescence, electron, and immunohistochemical microscopy. A whole‐genome sequence was generated for 1 affected dog. A TaqMan allelic discrimination assay was used for genotyping. Results The accumulation of autofluorescent cytoplasmic storage material with characteristic ultrastructure in tissues from the 4 affected dogs supported a diagnosis of NCL. The whole‐genome sequence contained a homozygous nonsense mutation: CLN5:c.619C>T. All 4 DNA samples from clinically affected dogs tested homozygous for the variant allele. Both parents of the fifth affected dog were heterozygotes. Archived DNA samples from 346 Australian Cattle Dogs, 188 Border Collies, and 177 dogs of other breeds were homozygous for the reference allele. One archived Australian Cattle Dog sample was from a heterozygote. Conclusions and Clinical Importance The homozygous CLN5 nonsense is almost certainly causal because the same mutation previously had been reported to cause a similar form of NCL in Border Collies. Identification of the molecular genetic cause of Australian Cattle Dog NCL will allow the use of DNA tests to confirm the diagnosis of NCL in this breed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kolicheski
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - G S Johnson
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - D P O'Brien
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | | | - D Gilliam
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - J Guo
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - T D Anderson-Sieg
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - R D Schnabel
- Division of Animal Sciences and Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - J F Taylor
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - A Lebowitz
- Animal Medical Center of New York, New York, NY
| | - B Swanson
- Animal Medical Center of New York, New York, NY
| | - D Hicks
- Blue Pearl Veterinary Hospital, Tacoma, WA
| | - Z E Niman
- Chicago Veterinary Specialty Group, Chicago, IL
| | - F A Wininger
- Veterinary Specialty Services Neurology Department, Manchester, MO
| | - M C Carpentier
- Veterinary Specialty Services Neurology Department, Manchester, MO
| | - M L Katz
- Mason Eye Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
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13
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Gilliam D, Kolicheski A, Johnson GS, Mhlanga-Mutangadura T, Taylor JF, Schnabel RD, Katz ML. Golden Retriever dogs with neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis have a two-base-pair deletion and frameshift in CLN5. Mol Genet Metab 2015; 115:101-9. [PMID: 25934231 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We studied a recessive, progressive neurodegenerative disease occurring in Golden Retriever siblings with an onset of signs at 15 months of age. As the disease progressed these signs included ataxia, anxiety, pacing and circling, tremors, aggression, visual impairment and localized and generalized seizures. A whole genome sequence, generated with DNA from one affected dog, contained a plausibly causal homozygous mutation: CLN5:c.934_935delAG. This mutation was predicted to produce a frameshift and premature termination codon and encode a protein variant, CLN5:p.E312Vfs*6, which would lack 39 C-terminal amino acids. Eighteen DNA samples from the Golden Retriever family members were genotyped at CLN5:c.934_935delAG. Three clinically affected dogs were homozygous for the deletion allele; whereas, the clinically normal family members were either heterozygotes (n = 11) or homozygous for the reference allele (n = 4). Among archived Golden Retrievers DNA samples with incomplete clinical records that were also genotyped at the CLN5:c.934_935delAG variant, 1053 of 1062 were homozygous for the reference allele, 8 were heterozygotes and one was a deletion-allele homozygote. When contacted, the owner of this homozygote indicated that their dog had been euthanized because of a neurologic disease that progressed similarly to that of the affected Golden Retriever siblings. We have collected and stored semen from a heterozygous Golden Retriever, thereby preserving an opportunity for us or others to establish a colony of CLN5-deficient dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gilliam
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA.
| | - A Kolicheski
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA.
| | - G S Johnson
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA.
| | - T Mhlanga-Mutangadura
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA.
| | - J F Taylor
- Division of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
| | - R D Schnabel
- Division of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
| | - M L Katz
- Mason Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
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14
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Hasegawa D, Tamura S, Nakamoto Y, Matsuki N, Takahashi K, Fujita M, Uchida K, Yamato O. Magnetic resonance findings of the corpus callosum in canine and feline lysosomal storage diseases. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83455. [PMID: 24386203 PMCID: PMC3873931 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Several reports have described magnetic resonance (MR) findings in canine and feline lysosomal storage diseases such as gangliosidoses and neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. Although most of those studies described the signal intensities of white matter in the cerebrum, findings of the corpus callosum were not described in detail. A retrospective study was conducted on MR findings of the corpus callosum as well as the rostral commissure and the fornix in 18 cases of canine and feline lysosomal storage diseases. This included 6 Shiba Inu dogs and 2 domestic shorthair cats with GM1 gangliosidosis; 2 domestic shorthair cats, 2 familial toy poodles, and a golden retriever with GM2 gangliosidosis; and 2 border collies and 3 chihuahuas with neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses, to determine whether changes of the corpus callosum is an imaging indicator of those diseases. The corpus callosum and the rostral commissure were difficult to recognize in all cases of juvenile-onset gangliosidoses (GM1 gangliosidosis in Shiba Inu dogs and domestic shorthair cats and GM2 gangliosidosis in domestic shorthair cats) and GM2 gangliosidosis in toy poodles with late juvenile-onset. In contrast, the corpus callosum and the rostral commissure were confirmed in cases of GM2 gangliosidosis in a golden retriever and canine neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses with late juvenile- to early adult-onset, but were extremely thin. Abnormal findings of the corpus callosum on midline sagittal images may be a useful imaging indicator for suspecting lysosomal storage diseases, especially hypoplasia (underdevelopment) of the corpus callosum in juvenile-onset gangliosidoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Hasegawa
- Division of Veterinary Radiology, Department of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Naoaki Matsuki
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kimimasa Takahashi
- Division of Veterinary Pathology, Department of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michio Fujita
- Division of Veterinary Radiology, Department of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Uchida
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Yamato
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
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15
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Rahman MM, Yabuki A, Kohyama M, Mitani S, Mizukami K, Uddin MM, Chang HS, Kushida K, Kishimoto M, Yamabe R, Yamato O. Real-time PCR genotyping assay for GM2 gangliosidosis variant 0 in toy poodles and the mutant allele frequency in Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2013; 76:295-9. [PMID: 24161966 PMCID: PMC3982823 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.13-0443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
GM2 gangliosidosis variant 0 (Sandhoff disease, SD) is a fatal, progressive
neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disease caused by mutations of the
HEXB gene. In canine SD, a pathogenic mutation (c.283delG) of the
canine HEXB gene has been identified in toy poodles. In the present
study, a TaqMan probe-based real-time PCR genotyping assay was developed and evaluated for
rapid and large-scale genotyping and screening for this mutation. Furthermore, a
genotyping survey was carried out in a population of toy poodles in Japan to determine the
current mutant allele frequency. The real-time PCR assay clearly showed all genotypes of
canine SD. The assay was suitable for large-scale survey as well as diagnosis, because of
its high throughput and rapidity. The genotyping survey demonstrated a carrier frequency
of 0.2%, suggesting that the current mutant allele frequency is low in Japan. However,
there may be population stratification in different places, because of the founder effect
by some carriers. Therefore, this new assay will be useful for the prevention and control
of SD in toy poodles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mahbubur Rahman
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Kohrimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
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16
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Uddin MM, Arata S, Takeuchi Y, Chang HS, Mizukami K, Yabuki A, Rahman MM, Kohyama M, Hossain MA, Takayama K, Yamato O. Molecular epidemiology of canine GM1 gangliosidosis in the Shiba Inu breed in Japan: relationship between regional prevalence and carrier frequency. BMC Vet Res 2013; 9:132. [PMID: 23819787 PMCID: PMC3701567 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-9-132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canine GM1 gangliosidosis is a fatal disease in the Shiba Inu breed, which is one of the most popular traditional breeds in Japan and is maintained as a standard breed in many countries. Therefore, it is important to control and reduce the prevalence of GM1 gangliosidosis for maintaining the quality of this breed and to ensure supply of healthy dogs to prospective breeders and owners. This molecular epidemiological survey was performed to formulate an effective strategy for the control and prevention of this disease. RESULTS The survey was carried out among 590 clinically unaffected Shiba Inu dogs from the 8 districts of Japan, and a genotyping test was used to determine nation-wide and regional carrier frequencies. The number and native district of affected dogs identified in 16 years from 1997 to June 2013 were also surveyed retrospectively. Of the 590 dogs examined, 6 dogs (1.02%, 6/590) were carriers: 3 dogs (2.27%, 3/132) from the Kinki district and the other 3 dogs from the Hokkaido, Kanto, and Shikoku districts. The retrospective survey revealed 23 affected dogs, among which, 19 dogs (82.6%) were born within the last 7 years. Of the 23 affected dogs, 12 dogs (52.2%) were from the Kinki district. Pedigree analysis demonstrated that all the affected dogs and carriers with the pedigree information have a close blood relationship. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that the current carrier frequency for GM1 gangliosidosis is on the average 1.02% in Japan and rather high in the Kinki district, which may be related to the high prevalence observed over the past 16 years in this region. This observation suggests that carrier dogs are distributed all over Japan; however, kennels in the Kinki district may face an increased risk of GM1 gangliosidosis. Therefore, for effective control and prevention of this disease, it is necessary to examine as many breeding dogs as possible from all regions of Japan, especially from kennels located in areas with high prevalence and carrier frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad M Uddin
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Kohrimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
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