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Jiang M, Li G, Yang K, Tao L. Role of vitamins in the development and treatment of osteoporosis (Review). Int J Mol Med 2025; 56:109. [PMID: 40376992 PMCID: PMC12101103 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2025.5550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2025] [Accepted: 04/02/2025] [Indexed: 05/18/2025] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis has escalated into a pressing public health challenge amidst global demographic aging. Conventional diagnostic approaches and therapeutic interventions demonstrate growing limitations in both risk stratification and epidemiological control. In this context, serological monitoring and targeted nutrient supplementation emerge as promising preventive strategies. Vitamins, fundamental regulators of cellular homeostasis, demonstrate particular significance in bone remodeling processes. The present comprehensive review elucidates the pathophysiological mechanisms through which specific vitamins differentially modulate osteoblastic activity and osteoclastic regulation, summarizing contemporary evidence from the molecular to clinical research levels. While vitamin A exhibits dual effects, other vitamins predominantly show positive impacts on bone homeostasis. Oxidative stress and inflammation are key pathological changes associated with osteoporosis. Vitamins play a protective role by enhancing the expression of antioxidant enzymes, activating antioxidant pathways and inhibiting the secretion of inflammatory cytokines, thereby mitigating these conditions. Serum vitamin concentrations exhibit significant correlations with bone mineral density alterations and osteoporosis progression, providing predictive biomarkers for fracture risk assessment. However, serum vitamin profiles exhibit marked heterogeneity across osteoporosis risk strata, necessitating population‑specific therapeutic protocols. Precision‑adjusted supplementation strategies effectively attenuate pathological bone resorption while preserving physiological remodeling homeostasis. The present review systematically delineates the therapeutic potential of vitamins in osteoporotic management, underscoring the necessity for evidence‑based precision nutrient protocols tailored to at‑risk populations to prevent disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingze Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Genghan Li
- First Department of Clinical Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Keda Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Lin Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
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Kaneyasu Y, Fujiwara H, Akita T, Tanaka J, Shibata Y, Nakagawa T, Koh I, Hirata E, Hyodo M, Miyamoto T, Murakami Y, Nishibuchi I, Imano N, Nagata Y, Kudo Y. Suppressive effect of vitamin K 2 (menatetrenone) against bone mineral density loss after radiotherapy in uterine cancer patients. Jpn J Radiol 2025; 43:1025-1035. [PMID: 39849242 DOI: 10.1007/s11604-025-01733-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2025] [Indexed: 01/25/2025]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate whether vitamin K2 (menatetrenone) suppresses bone mineral density (BMD) loss in the irradiated region after radiotherapy (RT) in uterine cancer patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Our study included 34 patients who underwent whole pelvic irradiation for uterine cancer between 2001 and 2010. The patients were categorized in two groups: (1) Vitamin K2 (45 mg/day) administration group (group A) with 18 cases and (2) non-administered group (group B) with 16 cases. The duration of vitamin K2 administration was 1 year or longer. BMD was measured before and immediately, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, 1 year or more after RT. RESULTS Regarding change rate in the BMD of L3-L4 which was outside the irradiated field, no significant changes were observed in BMD after radiation in either groups compared to BMD before radiotherapy. Regarding change rate in BMD of L5-S1 which was inside the irradiated field, BMD reduced significantly at 6 months after radiotherapy compared to BMD before the start of radiotherapy in Group B (P = 0.0234). However, no significant change was seen in group A. Grade 2 and 3 insufficiency fractures appeared in both groups, one in each. Regarding outside the irradiation field, one patient developed compression fracture in L2 in group B, none occurred in group A. CONCLUSION: We suggest that vitamin K2 could suppress the decrease in BMD due to whole pelvic radiotherapy. Further studies are needed in the future to improve quality of life such as the prevention of insufficiency fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Kaneyasu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Hospital Organization Fukuyama Medical Center, 4-14-17 Okinogami-Cho, Fukuyama, Hiroshima, 720-8520, Japan.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - Hisaya Fujiwara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chugoku Rosai Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Akita
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Junko Tanaka
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuuka Shibata
- Department of Pharmaceutical Services, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tomio Nakagawa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Hospital Organization Fukuyama Medical Center, 4-14-17 Okinogami-Cho, Fukuyama, Hiroshima, 720-8520, Japan
| | - Iemasa Koh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Eiji Hirata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- Hirata Ladies Clinic, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Maki Hyodo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- Mother and Fetus Maki Clinic, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tadashi Miyamoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Hospital Organization Fukuyama Medical Center, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuji Murakami
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ikuno Nishibuchi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Nobuki Imano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yasushi Nagata
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chugoku Rosai Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kudo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Di Simone SC, Acquaviva A, Libero ML, Nilofar N, Tunali F, Gabriele M, Centulio AP, Genovesi G, Ciaramellano D, Recinella L, Leone S, Brunetti L, Zengin G, Orlando G, Menghini L, Chiavaroli A, Ferrante C. A Novel Formulation Based on Resveratrol and Water Extracts from Equisetum arvense, Crataegus curvisepala, Vitex agnus-castus, and Glycine max Inhibits the Gene Expression of Inflammatory and Osteoclastogenic Biomarkers on C2C12 Cells Exposed to Oxidative Stress. Foods 2025; 14:896. [PMID: 40077599 PMCID: PMC11899544 DOI: 10.3390/foods14050896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2025] [Revised: 02/28/2025] [Accepted: 03/04/2025] [Indexed: 03/14/2025] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants and natural compounds have been considered alternative therapeutic options for counteracting postmenopausal disorders thanks to their different concomitant effects, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and the regulation of hormone activity. It is important to highlight that the efficacy of medicinal plants and natural compounds increases when used in combination, thus making the development of herbal formulations rational. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical and pharmacological properties of an innovative formulation consisting of resveratrol and water extracts from Equisetum arvense, Crateagus curvisepala, Vitex agnus-castus, and Glycine max. The phenolic composition and radical scavenger properties were evaluated using chromatographic and colorimetric (ABTS) methods, whilst the limits of biocompatibility were assessed through allelopathy, the Artemia salina (brine shrimp) lethality test, and Daphnia magna cardiotoxicity assay. The protective effects were evaluated on C2C12 cell lines exposed to the pro-oxidant stimulus, which consisted of hydrogen peroxide. The gene expression of estrogen 1 (ESR1, also known as ERα) and prolactin (PRLR) receptors, interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL) was measured. The results of the phytochemical analysis showed that the main phytochemicals were hydroxycinnamic and phenolic acids, in particular coumaric acid (7.53 µg/mL) and rosmarinic acid (6.91 µg/mL), respectively. This could explain the radical scavenger effect observed from the 2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assay. According to the ecotoxicological models' results, the formulation was revealed to be non-toxic, with a LC50 value > 1 mg/mL. Therefore, a biocompatible concentration range (200-1000 µg/mL) was used in C2C12 cells, where the formulation blunted the hydrogen peroxide-induced upregulation of TNFα, IL-6, RANKL, ESR1, and PRLR. Overall, the results of this study corroborate the use of the formulation for facing the oxidative stress and inflammation, which forms the basis of the osteoclastogenic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simonetta Cristina Di Simone
- Botanic Garden “Giardino dei Semplici”, Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (S.C.D.S.); (A.A.); (M.L.L.); (N.N.); (F.T.); (M.G.); (A.P.C.); (G.G.); (D.C.); (L.R.); (S.L.); (L.B.); (G.O.); (L.M.); (C.F.)
| | - Alessandra Acquaviva
- Botanic Garden “Giardino dei Semplici”, Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (S.C.D.S.); (A.A.); (M.L.L.); (N.N.); (F.T.); (M.G.); (A.P.C.); (G.G.); (D.C.); (L.R.); (S.L.); (L.B.); (G.O.); (L.M.); (C.F.)
| | - Maria Loreta Libero
- Botanic Garden “Giardino dei Semplici”, Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (S.C.D.S.); (A.A.); (M.L.L.); (N.N.); (F.T.); (M.G.); (A.P.C.); (G.G.); (D.C.); (L.R.); (S.L.); (L.B.); (G.O.); (L.M.); (C.F.)
| | - Nilofar Nilofar
- Botanic Garden “Giardino dei Semplici”, Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (S.C.D.S.); (A.A.); (M.L.L.); (N.N.); (F.T.); (M.G.); (A.P.C.); (G.G.); (D.C.); (L.R.); (S.L.); (L.B.); (G.O.); (L.M.); (C.F.)
| | - Fatma Tunali
- Botanic Garden “Giardino dei Semplici”, Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (S.C.D.S.); (A.A.); (M.L.L.); (N.N.); (F.T.); (M.G.); (A.P.C.); (G.G.); (D.C.); (L.R.); (S.L.); (L.B.); (G.O.); (L.M.); (C.F.)
| | - Mariachiara Gabriele
- Botanic Garden “Giardino dei Semplici”, Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (S.C.D.S.); (A.A.); (M.L.L.); (N.N.); (F.T.); (M.G.); (A.P.C.); (G.G.); (D.C.); (L.R.); (S.L.); (L.B.); (G.O.); (L.M.); (C.F.)
| | - Angelica Pia Centulio
- Botanic Garden “Giardino dei Semplici”, Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (S.C.D.S.); (A.A.); (M.L.L.); (N.N.); (F.T.); (M.G.); (A.P.C.); (G.G.); (D.C.); (L.R.); (S.L.); (L.B.); (G.O.); (L.M.); (C.F.)
| | - Gianluca Genovesi
- Botanic Garden “Giardino dei Semplici”, Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (S.C.D.S.); (A.A.); (M.L.L.); (N.N.); (F.T.); (M.G.); (A.P.C.); (G.G.); (D.C.); (L.R.); (S.L.); (L.B.); (G.O.); (L.M.); (C.F.)
| | - Davide Ciaramellano
- Botanic Garden “Giardino dei Semplici”, Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (S.C.D.S.); (A.A.); (M.L.L.); (N.N.); (F.T.); (M.G.); (A.P.C.); (G.G.); (D.C.); (L.R.); (S.L.); (L.B.); (G.O.); (L.M.); (C.F.)
| | - Lucia Recinella
- Botanic Garden “Giardino dei Semplici”, Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (S.C.D.S.); (A.A.); (M.L.L.); (N.N.); (F.T.); (M.G.); (A.P.C.); (G.G.); (D.C.); (L.R.); (S.L.); (L.B.); (G.O.); (L.M.); (C.F.)
| | - Sheila Leone
- Botanic Garden “Giardino dei Semplici”, Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (S.C.D.S.); (A.A.); (M.L.L.); (N.N.); (F.T.); (M.G.); (A.P.C.); (G.G.); (D.C.); (L.R.); (S.L.); (L.B.); (G.O.); (L.M.); (C.F.)
| | - Luigi Brunetti
- Botanic Garden “Giardino dei Semplici”, Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (S.C.D.S.); (A.A.); (M.L.L.); (N.N.); (F.T.); (M.G.); (A.P.C.); (G.G.); (D.C.); (L.R.); (S.L.); (L.B.); (G.O.); (L.M.); (C.F.)
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya 42130, Turkey;
| | - Giustino Orlando
- Botanic Garden “Giardino dei Semplici”, Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (S.C.D.S.); (A.A.); (M.L.L.); (N.N.); (F.T.); (M.G.); (A.P.C.); (G.G.); (D.C.); (L.R.); (S.L.); (L.B.); (G.O.); (L.M.); (C.F.)
| | - Luigi Menghini
- Botanic Garden “Giardino dei Semplici”, Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (S.C.D.S.); (A.A.); (M.L.L.); (N.N.); (F.T.); (M.G.); (A.P.C.); (G.G.); (D.C.); (L.R.); (S.L.); (L.B.); (G.O.); (L.M.); (C.F.)
| | - Annalisa Chiavaroli
- Botanic Garden “Giardino dei Semplici”, Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (S.C.D.S.); (A.A.); (M.L.L.); (N.N.); (F.T.); (M.G.); (A.P.C.); (G.G.); (D.C.); (L.R.); (S.L.); (L.B.); (G.O.); (L.M.); (C.F.)
| | - Claudio Ferrante
- Botanic Garden “Giardino dei Semplici”, Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (S.C.D.S.); (A.A.); (M.L.L.); (N.N.); (F.T.); (M.G.); (A.P.C.); (G.G.); (D.C.); (L.R.); (S.L.); (L.B.); (G.O.); (L.M.); (C.F.)
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Wnuk-Scardaccione A, Cima MS. Limb Osseointegration-How Important Is the Role of Nutrition in the Process? Nutrients 2025; 17:606. [PMID: 40004935 PMCID: PMC11858377 DOI: 10.3390/nu17040606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2025] [Revised: 02/01/2025] [Accepted: 02/05/2025] [Indexed: 02/27/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Osseointegration (OI) surgery of the appendicular skeleton for repair in amputees is a treatment in which a metal implant is directly fixed to the residual bone and subsequently connected to a prosthetic limb via a transcutaneous connector through a small incision in the skin. Current treatment does not consider nutritional advice for patients undergoing the OI procedure. However, since the group of patients is very heterogeneous, the results may not be always satisfactory for patients and clinicians. Furthermore, in some individuals, incorrect nutrition and diet habits may lead to complications and rejection of the implant. METHODS We created an extensive narrative evaluation by conducting a methodical search. A comprehensive search was conducted across three major databases: PubMed, Embase, and Scopus. The search was carried out in October 2024 with no time limit specified. The approach involved using specific, pre-defined search terms, which were first applied in PubMed, followed by Embase and Scopus to ensure a broad and diverse range of articles was captured. The search process was refined by considering studies published in high-impact journals, as identified based on impact factors and subject relevance. To ensure consistency and rigor, the selection criteria were applied uniformly across all databases, and irrelevant or incomplete articles were excluded. RESULTS Based on the specific nature of the OI procedure, it is crucial to adapt patients' diets and nutrition after the process. To translate the findings from the reviewed literature into practical clinical guidance for osseointegration (OI) procedures, we developed dietary recommendations for both patients and clinicians, presented as proposed dietary plans and summarized in tables. These recommendations were informed by evidence from various studies, highlighting findings that were supported by randomized controlled trials (RCTs) as well as areas where the evidence remains inconclusive or unsupported by RCTs. Major vitamins and micro- and macroelements were distinguished and presented as guidelines for clinicians. CONCLUSIONS OI is currently the most promising therapeutic options for amputees. To promote efficient tissue healing and provide energy for rehabilitation, it is recommended to follow a healthy, well-balanced diet that contains all the essential micronutrients, macronutrients, vitamins, and minerals. We also provide suggestions for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Wnuk-Scardaccione
- Department of Biomechanics and Kinesiology, Institute of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 8 Skawińska Street, 31-066 Krakow, Poland
| | - Megan Shawl Cima
- Johns Hopkins Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21093, USA;
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Rusu ME, Bigman G, Ryan AS, Popa DS. Investigating the Effects and Mechanisms of Combined Vitamin D and K Supplementation in Postmenopausal Women: An Up-to-Date Comprehensive Review of Clinical Studies. Nutrients 2024; 16:2356. [PMID: 39064799 PMCID: PMC11279569 DOI: 10.3390/nu16142356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is a complex process and a significant risk factor for chronic diseases. Menopause, a component of aging in women, is associated with several important cardiometabolic conditions including metabolic syndrome, osteoporosis, and cardiovascular diseases. Menopausal women could benefit from preventative strategies that may decrease morbidity and mortality and improve their quality of life. Vitamins D and K are essential nutrients required for bone health, immune function, and reducing cardiovascular risks, yet their synergistic effect is less understood in aging women. This is the first comprehensive review to summarize the evidence found in randomized clinical trials of the beneficial effects of vitamin D and K co-treatment in postmenopausal women. In our literature search across key electronic databases such as Cochrane, PubMed, and Ovid, we identified 31 pertinent studies. Overall, significant findings indicate that the combined intake of vitamins D and K may positively affect cardiovascular and bone health in postmenopausal women, emphasizing the importance of maintaining a healthy diet rich in vegetables and fermented dairy products. Given the challenges in obtaining all necessary nutrients solely through the diet, vitamin D and K supplements are recommended for postmenopausal women to promote healthy aging and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Emil Rusu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Galya Bigman
- Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Alice S. Ryan
- Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
- Baltimore Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Daniela-Saveta Popa
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
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