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Velarde CA, Hurtado U, Cardona Rios AF, Ortiz C, Betancur I. Genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 δ sublineages of the second wave of 2021 in Antioquia, Colombia. BIOMEDICA : REVISTA DEL INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE SALUD 2024; 44:54-66. [PMID: 38648352 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.6862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Introduction. During the development of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Antioquia, we experienced epidemiological peaks related to the α, ɣ, β, ƛ, and δ variants. δ had the highest incidence and prevalence. This lineage is of concern due to its clinical manifestations and epidemiological characteristics. A total of 253 δ sublineages have been reported in the PANGOLIN database. The sublineage identification through genomic analysis has made it possible to trace their evolution and propagation. Objective. To characterize the genetic diversity of the different SARS-CoV-2 δ sublineages in Antioquia and to describe its prevalence. Materials and methods. We collected sociodemographic information from 2,675 samples, and obtained 1,115 genomes from the GISAID database between July 12th, 2021, and January 18th, 2022. From the analyzed genomes, 515 were selected because of their high coverage values (>90%) to perform phylogenetic analysis and to infer allele frequencies of mutations of interest. Results. We characterized 24 sublineages. The most prevalent was AY.25. Mutations of interest as L452R, P681R, and P681H were identified in this sublineage, comprising a frequency close to 0.99. Conclusions. This study identified that the AY.25 sublineage has a transmission advantage compared to the other δ sublineages. This attribute may be related to the presence of the L452R and P681R mutations associated in other studies with higher evasion of the immune system and less efficacy of drugs against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Arbey Velarde
- Laboratorio Departamental de Salud Pública de Antioquia, Secretaría Seccional de Salud y Protección Social de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Uriel Hurtado
- Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | - Celeny Ortiz
- Dirección de Salud Colectiva, Secretaria de Salud de Antioquia, Secretaría Seccional de Salud de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Idabely Betancur
- Laboratorio Departamental de Salud Pública de Antioquia, Secretaría Seccional de Salud y Protección Social de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
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Ray SK, Mukherjee S. Innovation and Patenting Activities During COVID-19 and Advancement of Biochemical and Molecular Diagnosis in the Post- COVID-19 Era. Recent Pat Biotechnol 2024; 18:210-226. [PMID: 37779409 DOI: 10.2174/0118722083262217230921042127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is to escalate globally and acquire new mutations quickly, so accurate diagnostic technologies play a vital role in controlling and understanding the epidemiology of the disease. A plethora of technologies acquires diagnosis of individuals and informs clinical management of COVID. Some important biochemical parameters for COVID diagnosis are the elevation of liver enzymes, creatinine, and nonspecific inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and Interleukin 6 (IL-6). The main progression predictors are lymphopenia, elevated D-dimer, and hyperferritinemia, although it is also necessary to consider LDH, CPK, and troponin in the marker panel of diagnosis. Owing to the greater sensitivity and accuracy, molecular technologies such as conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR), reverse transcription (RT)-PCR, nested PCR, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), and xMAP technology have been extensively used for COVID diagnosis for some time now. To make so many diagnostics accessible to general people, many techniques may be exploited, including point of care (POC), also called bedside testing, which is developing as a portable promising tool in pathogen identification. Some other lateral flow assay (LFA)-centered techniques like SHERLOCK, CRISPR-Cas12a (AIOD-CRISPR), and FNCAS9 editor limited uniform detection assay (FELUDA), etc. have shown auspicious results in the rapid detection of pathogens. More recently, low-cost sequencing and advancements in big data management have resulted in a slow but steady rise of next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based approaches for diagnosis that have potential relevance for clinical purposes and may pave the way toward a better future. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, various institutions provided free, specialized websites and tools to promote research and access to critically needed advanced solutions by alleviating research and analysis of data within a substantial body of scientific and patent literature regarding biochemical and molecular diagnosis published since January 2020. This circumstance is unquestionably unique and difficult for anyone using patent information to find pertinent disclosures at a specific date in a trustworthy manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Kumar Ray
- Independent Researcher, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh-462020, India
| | - Sukhes Mukherjee
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh-462020, India
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Burgos G, Ambuludí A, Morales-Jadán D, Garcia-Bereguiain MA, Muslin C, Armijos-Jaramillo V. A tool for the cheap and rapid screening of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VoCs) by Sanger sequencing. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0506422. [PMID: 37676038 PMCID: PMC10586709 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.05064-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an emerging virus that, since March 2020, has been responsible for a global and ongoing pandemic. Its rapid spread over the past nearly 3 years has caused novel variants to arise. To monitor the circulation and emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants, surveillance systems based on nucleotide mutations are required. In this regard, we searched in the spike, ORF8, and nucleocapsid genes to detect variable sites among SARS-CoV-2 variants. We describe polymorphic genetic regions that enable us to differentiate between the Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron variants of concern (VoCs). We found 21 relevant mutations, 13 of which are unique for Omicron lineages BA.1/BA.1.1, BA.2, BA.3, BA.4, and BA.5. This genetic profile enables the discrimination between VoCs using only four reverse transcription PCR fragments and Sanger sequencing, offering a cheaper and faster alternative to whole-genome sequencing for SARS-CoV-2 surveillance. IMPORTANCE Our work describes a new (Sanger sequencing-based) screening methodology for SARS-CoV-2, performing PCR amplifications of a few target regions to detect diagnostic mutations between virus variants. Using the methodology developed in this work, we were able to discriminate between the following VoCs: Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron (BA.1/BA.1.1, BA.2, BA.3, BA.4, and BA.5). This becomes important, especially in low-income countries where current methodologies like next-generation sequencing have prohibitive costs. Furthermore, rapid detection would allow sanitary authorities to take rapid measures to limit the spread of the virus and therefore reduce the probability of new virus dispersion. With this methodological approach, 13 previously unreported diagnostic mutations among several Omicron lineages were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germán Burgos
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Las Américas (UDLA), Quito, Ecuador
- One Health Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Las Américas (UDLA), Quito, Ecuador
| | - Andrés Ambuludí
- Carrera de Ingeniería en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingenierías y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad de Las Américas (UDLA), Quito, Ecuador
| | - USFQ SARS-CoV-2 Consortium
- Instituto de Microbiología, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales (COCIBA), Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Cumbaya, Ecuador
| | - Diana Morales-Jadán
- One Health Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Las Américas (UDLA), Quito, Ecuador
| | | | - Claire Muslin
- One Health Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Las Américas (UDLA), Quito, Ecuador
| | - Vinicio Armijos-Jaramillo
- Carrera de Ingeniería en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingenierías y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad de Las Américas (UDLA), Quito, Ecuador
- Grupo de Bio-Quimioinformática, Universidad de Las Américas (UDLA), Quito, Ecuador
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4
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Ahmed I, Jeon G. Enabling Artificial Intelligence for Genome Sequence Analysis of COVID-19 and Alike Viruses. Interdiscip Sci 2022; 14:504-519. [PMID: 34357528 PMCID: PMC8342660 DOI: 10.1007/s12539-021-00465-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Recent pandemic of COVID-19 (Coronavirus) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been growing lethally with unusual speed. It has infected millions of people and continues a mortifying influence on the global population's health and well-being. In this situation, genome sequence analysis and advanced artificial intelligence techniques may help researchers and medical experts to understand the genetic variants of COVID-19 or SARS-CoV-2. Genome sequence analysis of COVID-19 is crucial to understand the virus's origin, behavior, and structure, which might help produce/develop vaccines, antiviral drugs, and efficient preventive strategies. This paper introduces an artificial intelligence based system to perform genome sequence analysis of COVID-19 and alike viruses, e.g., SARS, middle east respiratory syndrome, and Ebola. The system helps to get important information from the genome sequences of different viruses. We perform comparative data analysis by extracting basic information of COVID-19 and other genome sequences, including information of nucleotides composition and their frequency, tri-nucleotide compositions, count of amino acids, alignment between genome sequences, and their DNA similarity information. We use different visualization methods to analyze these viruses' genome sequences and, finally, apply machine learning based classifier support vector machine to classify different genome sequences. The data set of different virus genome sequences are obtained from an online publicly accessible data center repository. The system achieves good classification results with an accuracy of 97% for COVID-19, 96%, SARS, and 95% for MERS and Ebola genome sequences, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Ahmed
- Center of Excellence in IT, Institute of Management Sciences, Hayatabad, Peshawar, 25000 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
| | - Gwanggil Jeon
- Department of Embedded Systems Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea
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5
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Aggarwal D, Page AJ, Schaefer U, Savva GM, Myers R, Volz E, Ellaby N, Platt S, Groves N, Gallagher E, Tumelty NM, Le Viet T, Hughes GJ, Chen C, Turner C, Logan S, Harrison A, Peacock SJ, Chand M, Harrison EM. Genomic assessment of quarantine measures to prevent SARS-CoV-2 importation and transmission. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1012. [PMID: 35197443 PMCID: PMC8866425 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28371-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitigation of SARS-CoV-2 transmission from international travel is a priority. We evaluated the effectiveness of travellers being required to quarantine for 14-days on return to England in Summer 2020. We identified 4,207 travel-related SARS-CoV-2 cases and their contacts, and identified 827 associated SARS-CoV-2 genomes. Overall, quarantine was associated with a lower rate of contacts, and the impact of quarantine was greatest in the 16-20 age-group. 186 SARS-CoV-2 genomes were sufficiently unique to identify travel-related clusters. Fewer genomically-linked cases were observed for index cases who returned from countries with quarantine requirement compared to countries with no quarantine requirement. This difference was explained by fewer importation events per identified genome for these cases, as opposed to fewer onward contacts per case. Overall, our study demonstrates that a 14-day quarantine period reduces, but does not completely eliminate, the onward transmission of imported cases, mainly by dissuading travel to countries with a quarantine requirement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Aggarwal
- University of Cambridge, Department of Medicine, Cambridge, UK. .,Public Health England, 61 Colindale Ave, London, NW9 5EQ, UK. .,Cambridge University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK. .,Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Andrew J Page
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Ulf Schaefer
- Public Health England, 61 Colindale Ave, London, NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - George M Savva
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Richard Myers
- Public Health England, 61 Colindale Ave, London, NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - Erik Volz
- Imperial College London, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London, UK
| | - Nicholas Ellaby
- Public Health England, 61 Colindale Ave, London, NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - Steven Platt
- Public Health England, 61 Colindale Ave, London, NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - Natalie Groves
- Public Health England, 61 Colindale Ave, London, NW9 5EQ, UK
| | | | - Niamh M Tumelty
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge University Libraries, Cambridge, UK
| | - Thanh Le Viet
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Gareth J Hughes
- Public Health England National Infections Service, Field Service, Leeds, UK
| | - Cong Chen
- Public Health England, 61 Colindale Ave, London, NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - Charlie Turner
- Public Health England, 61 Colindale Ave, London, NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - Sophie Logan
- Public Health England, National Infections Service, Field Service, Nottingham, UK
| | - Abbie Harrison
- Public Health England, 61 Colindale Ave, London, NW9 5EQ, UK
| | | | - Sharon J Peacock
- University of Cambridge, Department of Medicine, Cambridge, UK.,Public Health England, 61 Colindale Ave, London, NW9 5EQ, UK.,Cambridge University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK.,Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Meera Chand
- Public Health England, 61 Colindale Ave, London, NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - Ewan M Harrison
- University of Cambridge, Department of Medicine, Cambridge, UK. .,Public Health England, 61 Colindale Ave, London, NW9 5EQ, UK. .,Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK. .,University of Cambridge, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge, UK.
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Guadalupe JJ, Rojas MI, Pozo G, Erazo-Garcia MP, Vega-Polo P, Terán-Velástegui M, Rohwer F, Torres MDL. Presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA on Surfaces of Public Places and a Transportation System Located in a Densely Populated Urban Area in South America. Viruses 2021; 14:v14010019. [PMID: 35062223 PMCID: PMC8780916 DOI: 10.3390/v14010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly transmissible RNA virus that causes COVID-19. Being aware of the presence of the virus on different types of surfaces and in different environments, and having a protocol for its detection, is important to understand the dynamics of the virus and its shedding patterns. In Ecuador, the detection of viral RNA in urban environmental samples has not been a priority. The present study analyzed samples from two densely populated neighborhoods and one public transportation system in Quito, Ecuador. Viral RNA presence was assessed using RT-LAMP. Twenty-eight out of 300 surfaces tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA (9.33%). Frequently touched surfaces, especially in indoor spaces and on public transportation, were most likely to be positive for viral RNA. Positivity rate association for the two neighborhoods and for the surface type was not found. This study found viral RNA presence on urban surfaces; this information provides an insight into viral dissemination dynamics. Monitoring environmental SARS-CoV-2 could support the public health prevention strategies in Quito, Ecuador.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan José Guadalupe
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Vegetal, Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Diego de Robles y Via Interoceanica s/n, Quito 170157, Ecuador; (J.J.G.); (G.P.); (M.P.E.-G.); (P.V.-P.); (M.T.-V.)
| | - María I. Rojas
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA; (M.I.R.); (F.R.)
- Viral Information Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Gabriela Pozo
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Vegetal, Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Diego de Robles y Via Interoceanica s/n, Quito 170157, Ecuador; (J.J.G.); (G.P.); (M.P.E.-G.); (P.V.-P.); (M.T.-V.)
| | - Maria P. Erazo-Garcia
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Vegetal, Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Diego de Robles y Via Interoceanica s/n, Quito 170157, Ecuador; (J.J.G.); (G.P.); (M.P.E.-G.); (P.V.-P.); (M.T.-V.)
| | - Pamela Vega-Polo
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Vegetal, Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Diego de Robles y Via Interoceanica s/n, Quito 170157, Ecuador; (J.J.G.); (G.P.); (M.P.E.-G.); (P.V.-P.); (M.T.-V.)
| | - Martín Terán-Velástegui
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Vegetal, Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Diego de Robles y Via Interoceanica s/n, Quito 170157, Ecuador; (J.J.G.); (G.P.); (M.P.E.-G.); (P.V.-P.); (M.T.-V.)
| | - Forest Rohwer
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA; (M.I.R.); (F.R.)
- Viral Information Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - María de Lourdes Torres
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Vegetal, Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Diego de Robles y Via Interoceanica s/n, Quito 170157, Ecuador; (J.J.G.); (G.P.); (M.P.E.-G.); (P.V.-P.); (M.T.-V.)
- Correspondence:
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7
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Del Brutto OH, Costa AF, Recalde BY, Mera RM. Factors Associated With a Persistent Seronegative Status 1 Year After a SARS-CoV-2 Massive Infection Outbreak in Community Dwellers Living in Rural Ecuador: A Prospective Population-based Study. J Prim Care Community Health 2021; 12:21501327211054989. [PMID: 34715744 PMCID: PMC8558583 DOI: 10.1177/21501327211054989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is affecting millions of people living in rural areas of Low- and Middle-Income Countries and is causing an already anticipated devastating effect on the health and economics of these populations. More information is needed to modify behaviors that may counterbalance the consequences of mass spread of the virus in these underserved communities. This study aimed to identify factors associated with a persistent SARS-CoV-2 seronegative status 1 year after a massive infection outbreak in middle-aged and older adults living in rural Ecuador. Methods Individuals enrolled in the Atahualpa Project Cohort as of March 2020 received 5 rounds of tests for determination of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in blood. Individuals who remained seronegative up to April 2021 were considered “persistently seronegative.” An adjusted Poisson regression model was fitted to estimate the incidence risk ratio of factors directly or inversely associated with a persistent seronegative status. Results A total of 673 individuals received baseline tests. Thirty-one declined consent or died and 429 seroconverted, leaving 213 seronegative subjects. Average SARS-CoV-2 incidence rate was 9.87 events (95% C.I.: 8.91-10.83) per 100 person-months of observation. The use of flushing toilet systems (instead of open latrines) increased 1.5 times the possibility of remaining seronegative. Likewise, every additional bedroom in the house increased by 15% the possibility of remaining seronegative. In contrast, every additional person in the house and having high cholesterol levels significantly reduced the possibility of remaining seronegative. Conclusions The use of flushing toilet systems and the number of bedrooms in the house directly influenced the possibility of remaining seronegative among individuals living in this rural setting. Study results also demonstrated a sustained transmission of the virus even after a significant proportion of the population has been infected. Our findings reinforce the mass spread of SARS-CoV-2 in rural communities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aldo F Costa
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Andalucía, Spain
| | - Bettsy Y Recalde
- Universidad Espíritu Santo - Ecuador, Samborondón, Guayaquil, Ecuador
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Ferdinand AS, Kelaher M, Lane CR, da Silva AG, Sherry NL, Ballard SA, Andersson P, Hoang T, Denholm JT, Easton M, Howden BP, Williamson DA. An implementation science approach to evaluating pathogen whole genome sequencing in public health. Genome Med 2021; 13:121. [PMID: 34321076 PMCID: PMC8317677 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-021-00934-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathogen whole genome sequencing (WGS) is being incorporated into public health surveillance and disease control systems worldwide and has the potential to make significant contributions to infectious disease surveillance, outbreak investigation and infection prevention and control. However, to date, there are limited data regarding (i) the optimal models for integration of genomic data into epidemiological investigations and (ii) how to quantify and evaluate public health impacts resulting from genomic epidemiological investigations. METHODS We developed the Pathogen Genomics in Public HeAlth Surveillance Evaluation (PG-PHASE) Framework to guide examination of the use of WGS in public health surveillance and disease control. We illustrate the use of this framework with three pathogens as case studies: Listeria monocytogenes, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and SARS-CoV-2. RESULTS The framework utilises an adaptable whole-of-system approach towards understanding how interconnected elements in the public health application of pathogen genomics contribute to public health processes and outcomes. The three phases of the PG-PHASE Framework are designed to support understanding of WGS laboratory processes, analysis, reporting and data sharing, and how genomic data are utilised in public health practice across all stages, from the decision to send an isolate or sample for sequencing to the use of sequence data in public health surveillance, investigation and decision-making. Importantly, the phases can be used separately or in conjunction, depending on the need of the evaluator. Subsequent to conducting evaluation underpinned by the framework, avenues may be developed for strategic investment or interventions to improve utilisation of whole genome sequencing. CONCLUSIONS Comprehensive evaluation is critical to support health departments, public health laboratories and other stakeholders to successfully incorporate microbial genomics into public health practice. The PG-PHASE Framework aims to assist public health laboratories, health departments and authorities who are either considering transitioning to whole genome sequencing or intending to assess the integration of WGS in public health practice, including the capacity to detect and respond to outbreaks and associated costs, challenges and facilitators in the utilisation of microbial genomics and public health impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeline S Ferdinand
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Centre for Health Policy, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Margaret Kelaher
- Centre for Health Policy, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Courtney R Lane
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anders Gonçalves da Silva
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Norelle L Sherry
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Susan A Ballard
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Patiyan Andersson
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Tuyet Hoang
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Justin T Denholm
- Victorian Tuberculosis Program, Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Benjamin P Howden
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Deborah A Williamson
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia.
- Department of Microbiology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
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Gutierrez B, Márquez S, Prado-Vivar B, Becerra-Wong M, Guadalupe JJ, da Silva Candido D, Fernandez-Cadena JC, Morey-Leon G, Armas-Gonzalez R, Andrade-Molina DM, Bruno A, de Mora D, Olmedo M, Portugal D, Gonzalez M, Orlando A, Drexler JF, Moreira-Soto A, Sander AL, Brünink S, Kühne A, Patiño L, Carrazco-Montalvo A, Mestanza O, Zurita J, Sevillano G, du Plessis L, McCrone JT, Coloma J, Trueba G, Barragán V, Rojas-Silva P, Grunauer M, Kraemer MU, Faria NR, Escalera-Zamudio M, Pybus OG, Cárdenas P. Genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 transmission lineages in Ecuador. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2021:2021.03.31.21254685. [PMID: 33851177 PMCID: PMC8043474 DOI: 10.1101/2021.03.31.21254685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Characterisation of SARS-CoV-2 genetic diversity through space and time can reveal trends in virus importation and domestic circulation, and permit the exploration of questions regarding the early transmission dynamics. Here we present a detailed description of SARS-CoV-2 genomic epidemiology in Ecuador, one of the hardest hit countries during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. We generate and analyse 160 whole genome sequences sampled from all provinces of Ecuador in 2020. Molecular clock and phylgeographic analysis of these sequences in the context of global SARS-CoV-2 diversity enable us to identify and characterise individual transmission lineages within Ecuador, explore their spatiotemporal distributions, and consider their introduction and domestic circulation. Our results reveal a pattern of multiple international importations across the country, with apparent differences between key provinces. Transmission lineages were mostly introduced before the implementation of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), with differential degrees of persistence and national dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo Gutierrez
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Sully Márquez
- Instituto de Microbiología, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Belén Prado-Vivar
- Instituto de Microbiología, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Mónica Becerra-Wong
- Instituto de Microbiología, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Juan José Guadalupe
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Vegetal, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | - Juan Carlos Fernandez-Cadena
- Omics Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Universidad de Especialidades Espíritu Santo, Samborondón, Ecuador
| | - Gabriel Morey-Leon
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Universidad de Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Rubén Armas-Gonzalez
- Faculty of Sciences, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Derly Madeleiny Andrade-Molina
- Omics Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Universidad de Especialidades Espíritu Santo, Samborondón, Ecuador
| | - Alfredo Bruno
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Guayaquil, Ecuador
- Universidad Agraria del Ecuador
| | - Domenica de Mora
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Maritza Olmedo
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Denisse Portugal
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Manuel Gonzalez
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Alberto Orlando
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Jan Felix Drexler
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andres Moreira-Soto
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Sander
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Brünink
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Arne Kühne
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Leandro Patiño
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | | | - Orson Mestanza
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Jeannete Zurita
- Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
- Unidad de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, Zurita & Zurita Laboratorios, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Gabriela Sevillano
- Unidad de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, Zurita & Zurita Laboratorios, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | - John T. McCrone
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Josefina Coloma
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - Gabriel Trueba
- Instituto de Microbiología, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Verónica Barragán
- Instituto de Microbiología, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | - Michelle Grunauer
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | - Nuno R. Faria
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, J-IDEA, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Oliver G. Pybus
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College London, London, UK
| | - Paúl Cárdenas
- Instituto de Microbiología, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
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10
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Gutierrez B, Márquez S, Prado-Vivar B, Becerra-Wong M, Guadalupe JJ, Candido DDS, Fernandez-Cadena JC, Morey-Leon G, Armas-Gonzalez R, Andrade-Molina DM, Bruno A, De Mora D, Olmedo M, Portugal D, Gonzalez M, Orlando A, Drexler JF, Moreira-Soto A, Sander AL, Brünink S, Kühne A, Patiño L, Carrazco-Montalvo A, Mestanza O, Zurita J, Sevillano G, Du Plessis L, McCrone JT, Coloma J, Trueba G, Barragán V, Rojas-Silva P, Grunauer M, Kraemer MUG, Faria NR, Escalera-Zamudio M, Pybus OG, Cárdenas P. Genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 transmission lineages in Ecuador. Virus Evol 2021; 7:veab051. [PMID: 34527281 PMCID: PMC8244811 DOI: 10.1093/ve/veab051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterisation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) genetic diversity through space and time can reveal trends in virus importation and domestic circulation and permit the exploration of questions regarding the early transmission dynamics. Here, we present a detailed description of SARS-CoV-2 genomic epidemiology in Ecuador, one of the hardest hit countries during the early stages of the coronavirus-19 pandemic. We generated and analysed 160 whole genome sequences sampled from all provinces of Ecuador in 2020. Molecular clock and phylogeographic analysis of these sequences in the context of global SARS-CoV-2 diversity enable us to identify and characterise individual transmission lineages within Ecuador, explore their spatiotemporal distributions, and consider their introduction and domestic circulation. Our results reveal a pattern of multiple international importations across the country, with apparent differences between key provinces. Transmission lineages were mostly introduced before the implementation of non-pharmaceutical interventions, with differential degrees of persistence and national dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo Gutierrez
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX1 3SY, UK
| | - Sully Márquez
- Instituto de Microbiología, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito 170901, Ecuador
| | - Belén Prado-Vivar
- Instituto de Microbiología, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito 170901, Ecuador
| | - Mónica Becerra-Wong
- Instituto de Microbiología, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito 170901, Ecuador
| | - Juan José Guadalupe
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Vegetal, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito 170901, Ecuador
| | | | - Juan Carlos Fernandez-Cadena
- Omics Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Universidad de Especialidades Espíritu Santo, Samborondón 092301, Ecuador
| | - Gabriel Morey-Leon
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Universidad de Guayaquil, Guayaquil 090613, Ecuador
| | - Rubén Armas-Gonzalez
- Faculty of Sciences, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, Guayaquil 090112, Ecuador
| | - Derly Madeleiny Andrade-Molina
- Omics Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Universidad de Especialidades Espíritu Santo, Samborondón 092301, Ecuador
| | - Alfredo Bruno
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Guayaquil 3961, Ecuador
| | - Domenica De Mora
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Guayaquil 3961, Ecuador
| | - Maritza Olmedo
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Guayaquil 3961, Ecuador
| | - Denisse Portugal
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Guayaquil 3961, Ecuador
| | - Manuel Gonzalez
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Guayaquil 3961, Ecuador
| | - Alberto Orlando
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Guayaquil 3961, Ecuador
| | - Jan Felix Drexler
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Andres Moreira-Soto
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Sander
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Sebastian Brünink
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Arne Kühne
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Leandro Patiño
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Guayaquil 3961, Ecuador
| | | | - Orson Mestanza
- Servicio de Genética, Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño San Borja, Lima 15037, Perú
| | - Jeannete Zurita
- Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito 170143, Ecuador
| | - Gabriela Sevillano
- Unidad de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, Zurita & Zurita Laboratorios, Quito 170104, Ecuador
| | - Louis Du Plessis
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX1 3SY, UK
| | - John T McCrone
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JW, UK
| | - Josefina Coloma
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley CA 94704, USA
| | - Gabriel Trueba
- Instituto de Microbiología, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito 170901, Ecuador
| | - Verónica Barragán
- Instituto de Microbiología, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito 170901, Ecuador
| | - Patricio Rojas-Silva
- Instituto de Microbiología, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito 170901, Ecuador
| | - Michelle Grunauer
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito 170901, Ecuador
| | - Moritz U G Kraemer
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX1 3SY, UK
| | - Nuno R Faria
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX1 3SY, UK
| | | | - Oliver G Pybus
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX1 3SY, UK
| | - Paúl Cárdenas
- Instituto de Microbiología, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito 170901, Ecuador
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11
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Álvarez-Díaz DA, Laiton-Donato K, Franco-Muñoz C, Mercado-Reyes M. SARS-CoV-2 sequencing: The technological initiative to strengthen early warning systems for public health emergencies in Latin America and the Caribbean. BIOMEDICA : REVISTA DEL INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE SALUD 2020; 40:188-197. [PMID: 33152203 PMCID: PMC7676827 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.5841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 is a public health problem on a scale unprecedented in the last 100 years, as has been the response focused on the rapid genomic characterization of SARS-CoV-2 in virtually all regions of the planet. This pandemic emerged during the era of genomic epidemiology, a science fueled by continued advances in next-generation sequencing. Since its recent appearance, genomic epidemiology included the precise identification of new lineages or species of pathogens and the reconstruction of their genetic variability in real time, evidenced in past outbreaks of influenza H1N1, MERS, and SARS. However, the global and uncontrolled scale of this pandemic created a scenario where genomic epidemiology was put into practice en masse, from the rapid identification of SARS-CoV-2 to the registration of new lineages and their active surveillance throughout the world. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, the availability of genomic data on circulating pathogens in several Latin America and the Caribbean countries was scarce or nil. With the arrival of SARS-CoV-2, this scenario changed significantly, although the amount of available information remains scarce and, in countries such as Colombia, Brazil, Argentina, and Chile, the genomic information of SARS-CoV-2 was obtained mainly by research groups in genomic epidemiology rather than the product of a public health surveillance policy or program. This indicates the need to establish public health policies aimed at implementing genomic epidemiology as a tool to strengthen surveillance and early warning systems against threats to public health in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A Álvarez-Díaz
- Unidad de Secuenciación y Genómica, Dirección de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia; Grupo de Salud Materna y Perinatal, Dirección de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia.
| | - Katherine Laiton-Donato
- Unidad de Secuenciación y Genómica, Dirección de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D. C., Colombia.
| | - Carlos Franco-Muñoz
- Grupo de Parasitología, Dirección de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D. C., Colombia.
| | - Marcela Mercado-Reyes
- Grupo de Salud Materna y Perinatal, Dirección de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia; Dirección de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia.
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