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Scheidegger S, Merkt F. Precision-Spectroscopic Determination of the Binding Energy of a Two-Body Quantum System: The Hydrogen Atom and the Proton-Size Puzzle. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:113001. [PMID: 38563947 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.113001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Precision measurements in Rydberg states of H with principal quantum number n in the range between 20 and 30 are reported. In the presence of homogeneous electric fields with strengths below 2 V cm^{-1}, these Rydberg states are subject to a linear Stark effect with accurately calculable Stark shifts. From the spectral positions of field-independent and field-dependent Rydberg-Stark states, we derive the n=20 and 24 Bohr energies, and the ionization energy with respect to the 2 ^{2}S_{1/2}(f=0,1) [short 2S(0,1)] metastable states. Combining these results with the 2S(1)-1S(1) transition frequency [C. G. Parthey et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 203001 (2011)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.107.203001; A. Matveev et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 230801 (2013)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.110.230801] and the 1S hyperfine splitting [L. Essen et al., Nature (London) 229, 110 (1971)NATUAS0028-083610.1038/229110a0], we determine the ionization frequency of the 1S(0) ground state to be 3 288 087 922 407.2(3.7)_{stat}(1.8)_{syst} kHz, which is the most precise value ever determined for the binding energy of a two-body quantum system. Using the 2S(0)-2P_{1/2}(1) interval [N. Bezginov et al., Science 365, 1007 (2019)SCIEAS0036-807510.1126/science.aau7807], we determine the Rydberg frequency to be cR_{∞}=3 289 841 960 204(15)_{stat}(7)_{syst}(13)_{2S-2P} kHz in a procedure that is insensitive to the value of the proton charge radius. These new results are discussed in the context of the proton-size puzzle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Scheidegger
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
- Quantum Center, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Frédéric Merkt
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
- Quantum Center, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
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Tiesinga E, Mohr PJ, Newell DB, Taylor BN. CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical Constants: 2018. JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA 2021; 50:033105. [PMID: 36726646 PMCID: PMC9888147 DOI: 10.1063/5.0064853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
We report the 2018 self-consistent values of constants and conversion factors of physics and chemistry recommended by the Committee on Data of the International Science Council. The recommended values can also be found at physics.nist.gov/constants. The values are based on a least-squares adjustment that takes into account all theoretical and experimental data available through 31 December 2018. A discussion of the major improvements as well as inconsistencies within the data is given. The former include a decrease in the uncertainty of the dimensionless fine-structure constant and a nearly two orders of magnitude improvement of particle masses expressed in units of kg due to the transition to the revised International System of Units (SI) with an exact value for the Planck constant. Further, because the elementary charge, Boltzmann constant, and Avogadro constant also have exact values in the revised SI, many other constants are either exact or have significantly reduced uncertainties. Inconsistencies remain for the gravitational constant and the muon magnetic-moment anomaly. The proton charge radius puzzle has been partially resolved by improved measurements of hydrogen energy levels.
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Tiesinga E, Mohr PJ, Newell DB, Taylor BN. CODATA recommended values of the fundamental physical constants: 2018. REVIEWS OF MODERN PHYSICS 2021; 93:025010. [PMID: 36733295 PMCID: PMC9890581 DOI: 10.1103/revmodphys.93.025010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We report the 2018 self-consistent values of constants and conversion factors of physics and chemistry recommended by the Committee on Data of the International Science Council (CODATA). The recommended values can also be found at physics.nist.gov/constants. The values are based on a least-squares adjustment that takes into account all theoretical and experimental data available through 31 December 2018. A discussion of the major improvements as well as inconsistencies within the data is given. The former include a decrease in the uncertainty of the dimensionless fine-structure constant and a nearly two orders of magnitude improvement of particle masses expressed in units of kg due to the transition to the revised International System of Units (SI) with an exact value for the Planck constant. Further, because the elementary charge, Boltzmann constant, and Avogadro constant also have exact values in the revised SI, many other constants are either exact or have significantly reduced uncertainties. Inconsistencies remain for the gravitational constant and the muon magnetic-moment anomaly. The proton charge radius puzzle has been partially resolved by improved measurements of hydrogen energy levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eite Tiesinga
- Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - Peter J. Mohr
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - David B. Newell
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - Barry N. Taylor
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
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Abstract
Precise measurement of an atomic hydrogen transition resolves the proton size puzzle
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Affiliation(s)
- Wim Ubachs
- Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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Schwerdtfeger P, Nagle JK. 2018 Table of static dipole polarizabilities of the neutral elements in the periodic table. Mol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2018.1535143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Schwerdtfeger
- Centre for Theoretical Chemistry and Physics, The New Zealand Institute for Advanced Study and the Institute for Natural and Mathematical Sciences, Massey University Albany, Auckland, New Zealand
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Eriksson S. Precision measurements on trapped antihydrogen in the ALPHA experiment. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2018; 376:20170268. [PMID: 29459409 PMCID: PMC5829172 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2017.0268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Both the 1S-2S transition and the ground state hyperfine spectrum have been observed in trapped antihydrogen. The former constitutes the first observation of resonant interaction of light with an anti-atom, and the latter is the first detailed measurement of a spectral feature in antihydrogen. Owing to the narrow intrinsic linewidth of the 1S-2S transition and use of two-photon laser excitation, the transition energy can be precisely determined in both hydrogen and antihydrogen, allowing a direct comparison as a test of fundamental symmetry. The result is consistent with CPT invariance at a relative precision of around 2×10-10 This constitutes the most precise measurement of a property of antihydrogen. The hyperfine spectrum of antihydrogen is determined to a relative uncertainty of 4×10-4 The excited state and the hyperfine spectroscopy techniques currently both show sensitivity at the few 100 kHz level on the absolute scale. Here, the most recent work of the ALPHA collaboration on precision spectroscopy of antihydrogen is presented together with an outlook on improving the precision of measurements involving lasers and microwave radiation. Prospects of measuring the Lamb shift and determining the antiproton charge radius in trapped antihydrogen in the ALPHA apparatus are presented. Future perspectives of precision measurements of trapped antihydrogen in the ALPHA apparatus when the ELENA facility becomes available to experiments at CERN are discussed.This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Antiproton physics in the ELENA era'.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Eriksson
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
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Bufalo R, Pimentel B, Soto D. Causal approach for the electron-positron scattering in generalized quantum electrodynamics. Int J Clin Exp Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.90.085012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Amelino-Camelia G. Quantum-Spacetime Phenomenology. LIVING REVIEWS IN RELATIVITY 2013; 16:5. [PMID: 28179844 PMCID: PMC5255913 DOI: 10.12942/lrr-2013-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
I review the current status of phenomenological programs inspired by quantum-spacetime research. I stress in particular the significance of results establishing that certain data analyses provide sensitivity to effects introduced genuinely at the Planck scale. My main focus is on phenomenological programs that affect the directions taken by studies of quantum-spacetime theories.
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Nez F, Antognini A, Amaro FD, Biraben F, Cardoso JMR, Covita D, Dax A, Dhawan S, Fernandes L, Giesen A, Graf T, Hänsch TW, Indelicato P, Julien L, Kao CY, Knowles PE, Le Bigot E, Liu YW, Lopes JAM, Ludhova L, Monteiro CMB, Mulhauser F, Nebel T, Rabinowitz P, dos Santos JMF, Schaller L, Schuhmann K, Schwob C, Taqqu D, Veloso JFCA, Kottmann F, Pohl R. Is the proton radius a player in the redefinition of the International System of Units? PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2011; 369:4064-4077. [PMID: 21930565 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2011.0233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
It is now recognized that the International System of Units (SI units) will be redefined in terms of fundamental constants, even if the date when this will occur is still under debate. Actually, the best estimate of fundamental constant values is given by a least-squares adjustment, carried out under the auspices of the Committee on Data for Science and Technology (CODATA) Task Group on Fundamental Constants. This adjustment provides a significant measure of the correctness and overall consistency of the basic theories and experimental methods of physics using the values of the constants obtained from widely differing experiments. The physical theories that underlie this adjustment are assumed to be valid, such as quantum electrodynamics (QED). Testing QED, one of the most precise theories is the aim of many accurate experiments. The calculations and the corresponding experiments can be carried out either on a boundless system, such as the electron magnetic moment anomaly, or on a bound system, such as atomic hydrogen. The value of fundamental constants can be deduced from the comparison of theory and experiment. For example, using QED calculations, the value of the fine structure constant given by the CODATA is mainly inferred from the measurement of the electron magnetic moment anomaly carried out by Gabrielse's group. (Hanneke et al. 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 120801) The value of the Rydberg constant is known from two-photon spectroscopy of hydrogen combined with accurate theoretical quantities. The Rydberg constant, determined by the comparison of theory and experiment using atomic hydrogen, is known with a relative uncertainty of 6.6×10(-12). It is one of the most accurate fundamental constants to date. A careful analysis shows that knowledge of the electrical size of the proton is nowadays a limitation in this comparison. The aim of muonic hydrogen spectroscopy was to obtain an accurate value of the proton charge radius. However, the value deduced from this experiment contradicts other less accurate determinations. This problem is known as the proton radius puzzle. This new determination of the proton radius may affect the value of the Rydberg constant . This constant is related to many fundamental constants; in particular, links the two possible ways proposed for the redefinition of the kilogram, the Avogadro constant N(A) and the Planck constant h. However, the current relative uncertainty on the experimental determinations of N(A) or h is three orders of magnitude larger than the 'possible' shift of the Rydberg constant, which may be shown by the new value of the size of the proton radius determined from muonic hydrogen. The proton radius puzzle will not interfere in the redefinition of the kilogram. After a short introduction to the properties of the proton, we will describe the muonic hydrogen experiment. There is intense theoretical activity as a result of our observation. A brief summary of possible theoretical explanations at the date of writing of the paper will be given. The contribution of the proton radius puzzle to the redefinition of SI-based units will then be examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Nez
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, UPMC and CNRS, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France.
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Jentschura UD, Kotochigova S, Le Bigot EO, Mohr PJ, Taylor BN. Precise calculation of transition frequencies of hydrogen and deuterium based on a least-squares analysis. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2005; 95:163003. [PMID: 16241793 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.95.163003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We combine a limited number of accurately measured transition frequencies in hydrogen and deuterium, recent quantum electrodynamics (QED) calculations, and, as an essential additional ingredient, a generalized least-squares analysis, to obtain precise and optimal predictions for hydrogen and deuterium transition frequencies. Some of the predicted transition frequencies have relative uncertainties more than an order of magnitude smaller than that of the g factor of the electron, which was previously the most accurate prediction of QED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich D Jentschura
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8401, USA
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Garçon M, Van Orden JW. The Deuteron: Structure and Form Factors. ADVANCES IN THE PHYSICS OF PARTICLES AND NUCLEI 2001. [DOI: 10.1007/0-306-47915-x_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Niering M, Holzwarth R, Reichert J, Pokasov P, Udem T, Weitz M, Hansch TW, Lemonde P, Santarelli G, Abgrall M, Laurent P, Salomon C, Clairon A. Measurement of the hydrogen 1S- 2S transition frequency by phase coherent comparison with a microwave cesium fountain clock. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2000; 84:5496-5499. [PMID: 10990978 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.84.5496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We report on an absolute frequency measurement of the hydrogen 1S-2S two-photon transition in a cold atomic beam with an accuracy of 1.8 parts in 10(14). Our experimental result of 2 466 061 413 187 103(46) Hz has been obtained by phase coherent comparison of the hydrogen transition frequency with an atomic cesium fountain clock. Both frequencies are linked with a comb of laser frequencies emitted by a mode locked laser.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Niering
- Max-Planck-Institut fur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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Cesar CL, Fried DG, Killian TC, Polcyn AD, Sandberg JC, Yu IA, Greytak TJ, Kleppner D, Doyle JM. Two-Photon Spectroscopy of Trapped Atomic Hydrogen. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1996; 77:255-258. [PMID: 10062405 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.77.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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