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Hull CM, Switzer JA. Electrodeposited Epitaxial Cu(100) on Si(100) and Lift-Off of Single Crystal-like Cu(100) Foils. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:38596-38602. [PMID: 30335962 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b13188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A two-step potential electrodeposition technique is described which gives epitaxial films of Cu(100) on n-Si(100). Nucleation of epitaxial seeds occurs at -1.5 VAg/AgCl, whereas the film is grown at -0.5 VAg/AgCl. Cu deposition occurs with a Faradaic efficiency of 82.0% as determined spectrophotometrically. Epitaxy is achieved through a 45° in-plane rotation of Cu with respect to Si, which is shown by X-ray analysis. The 45° rotation reduces the lattice mismatch from -33.43% for an unrotated film to -5.86% for a 45° rotated film. Mosaicity, as determined via X-ray rocking curves, decreases with increasing thickness, going from a full width at half maximum of 3.99° for a 30 nm thick film to 1.67° for a 160 nm thick film. This translates to an increasing quality of epitaxy with increasing thickness. High resolution transmission electron microscopy imaging shows an amorphous SiO x interlayer between Cu and Si. Etching of SiO x with 5% HF allows epitaxial lift-off of the copper film, giving single crystal-like Cu(100) foils. Cu(100) films and single crystal-like foils have potential to be used as catalysts for CO2 reduction, substrates for technologically important materials like spintronic multilayer magnetic stacks and high temperature superconductors, and as active surfaces toward galvanic replacement by platinum group elements. Additionally, the foils could be used as single crystal-like substrates for flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb M Hull
- Department of Chemistry and Graduate Center for Materials Research , Missouri University of Science and Technology , Rolla , Missouri 65409-1170 , United States
| | - Jay A Switzer
- Department of Chemistry and Graduate Center for Materials Research , Missouri University of Science and Technology , Rolla , Missouri 65409-1170 , United States
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Gruber M, Ibrahim F, Boukari S, Joly L, Da Costa V, Studniarek M, Peter M, Isshiki H, Jabbar H, Davesne V, Arabski J, Otero E, Choueikani F, Chen K, Ohresser P, Wulfhekel W, Scheurer F, Beaurepaire E, Alouani M, Weber W, Bowen M. Spin-Dependent Hybridization between Molecule and Metal at Room Temperature through Interlayer Exchange Coupling. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:7921-7926. [PMID: 26575946 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b02961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally and theoretically show that the magnetic coupling at room temperature between paramagnetic Mn within manganese phthalocyanine molecules and a Co layer persists when separated by a Cu spacer. The molecule's magnetization amplitude and direction can be tuned by varying the Cu-spacer thickness and evolves according to an interlayer exchange coupling mechanism. Ab initio calculations predict a highly spin-polarized density of states at the Fermi level of this metal-molecule interface, thereby strengthening prospective spintronics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Gruber
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7504 , 23 rue du Loess, BP 43, F-67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
- Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Wolfgang-Gaede-Strasse 1, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Fatima Ibrahim
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7504 , 23 rue du Loess, BP 43, F-67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Samy Boukari
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7504 , 23 rue du Loess, BP 43, F-67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Loïc Joly
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7504 , 23 rue du Loess, BP 43, F-67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Victor Da Costa
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7504 , 23 rue du Loess, BP 43, F-67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Michał Studniarek
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7504 , 23 rue du Loess, BP 43, F-67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
- Synchrotron SOLEIL , L'Orme des Merisiers Saint-Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Moritz Peter
- Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Wolfgang-Gaede-Strasse 1, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Hironari Isshiki
- Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Wolfgang-Gaede-Strasse 1, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Hashim Jabbar
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7504 , 23 rue du Loess, BP 43, F-67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Vincent Davesne
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7504 , 23 rue du Loess, BP 43, F-67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
- Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Wolfgang-Gaede-Strasse 1, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jacek Arabski
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7504 , 23 rue du Loess, BP 43, F-67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Edwige Otero
- Synchrotron SOLEIL , L'Orme des Merisiers Saint-Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Fadi Choueikani
- Synchrotron SOLEIL , L'Orme des Merisiers Saint-Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Kai Chen
- Synchrotron SOLEIL , L'Orme des Merisiers Saint-Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Philippe Ohresser
- Synchrotron SOLEIL , L'Orme des Merisiers Saint-Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Wulf Wulfhekel
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7504 , 23 rue du Loess, BP 43, F-67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Fabrice Scheurer
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7504 , 23 rue du Loess, BP 43, F-67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Eric Beaurepaire
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7504 , 23 rue du Loess, BP 43, F-67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Mebarek Alouani
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7504 , 23 rue du Loess, BP 43, F-67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Wolfgang Weber
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7504 , 23 rue du Loess, BP 43, F-67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Martin Bowen
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7504 , 23 rue du Loess, BP 43, F-67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
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Gradmann U, Elmers HJ, Kohlhepp J. Oscillatory Indirect Coupling Between Perpendicularly Magnetized Co Monolayers Through Cu (111). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-313-107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTCo-Monolayers, prepared by MBE on Cu (111) -surfaces at room temperature and covered by Cu, are ferromagnetic with a Curie-temperature of about 430 K. They are magnetized perpendicularly because of a strong perpendicular magnetic surface anisotropy of the Cu/Co (111) -interface. They provide a remarkably good representation of the 2-dimensional Ising Model. The indirect coupling between these perpendicularly magnetized ferromagnetic monolayers was investigated using samples of type Cu (111) /lCo/DçuCu/lCo/Cu, containing Co/Cu/Co-trilayers composed of Co-Monolayers and a spacer consisting of DCu atomic layers of Cu (111). Torsion oscillation magnetometry of these samples showed clearly a coupling between the monolayers with an oscillatory dependence on DCu. The amplitude of the oscillation is strongly reduced if the coupled Co-films consist of 5 ML instead of 1 M.L. The present controversy on the presence or absence of antiferromagnetic and oscillatory indirect coupling in the Co/Cu (111) -system is discussed in the light of these experiments. The discussion shows that the oscillatory coupling is an intrinsic property of ideal (111)-structures, and can be understood by the RKKY-type theory of indirect coupling between ferromagnetic Monolayers. The usual application of this theory to the coupling between thicker films is justified. However, in the fcc (111) -system there is apparently a specific barrier against complete coalescence, resulting in a tendency to retain holes and channels in the Cu-spacer. This tendency is stronger in flat single-crystal samples than in sputtered films with high densities of atomic steps. Apparently, this results in competing ferromagnetic hole coupling which may more or less completely obscure the intrinsic oscillatory coupling, preferentially in samples grown on extremely flat single crystal surfaces.
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Dieny B, Gavigan JP, Rebouillat JP. Calculation of Magnetization Processes in Multilayers with Antiferromagnetic Coupling between Adjacent Layers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-151-35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTThis paper presents calculations of hysteresis loops in ferromagnetic multilayer systems of cubic or uniaxial anisotropy with antiferromagnetic coupling between adjacent layers. The case of a bilayer has been systematically studied as a function of the strenght of the anisotropy. The two limiting cases corresponding to either a coherent rotation of the magnetization or to a non-dissipative nucleation-propagation mechanism are investigated. The influence of the number of layers is also discussed.
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Döbrich KM, Wietstruk M, Prieto JE, Heigl F, Krupin O, Starke K, Kaindl G. Temperature-induced reversal of magnetic interlayer exchange coupling. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 100:227203. [PMID: 18643455 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.227203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
For epitaxial trilayers of the magnetic rare-earth metals Gd and Tb, exchange coupled through a nonmagnetic Y spacer layer, element-specific hysteresis loops were recorded by the x-ray magneto-optical Kerr effect at the rare-earth M5 thresholds. This allowed us to quantitatively determine the strength of interlayer exchange coupling (IEC). In addition to the expected oscillatory behavior as a function of spacer-layer thickness dY, a temperature-induced sign reversal of IEC was observed for constant dY, arising from magnetization-dependent electron reflectivities at the magnetic interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Döbrich
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
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Fullerton EE, Schuller IK. The 2007 Nobel Prize in Physics: magnetism and transport at the nanoscale. ACS NANO 2007; 1:384-389. [PMID: 19206657 DOI: 10.1021/nn700422j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The 2007 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Peter Grünberg and Albert Fert for the discovery of giant magnetoresistance (GMR). GMR is a phenomenon that is intimately linked to the nanostructuring of magnetic materials and has had broad scientific and economic impact. Here, we summarize the early scientific studies of magnetic thin films and superlattices that enabled the discovery of GMR, and we describe the evolution of spin-electronics (spintronics) that has emerged since its discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric E Fullerton
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
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Yuasa S, Nagahama T, Suzuki Y. Spin-polarized resonant tunneling in magnetic tunnel junctions. Science 2002; 297:234-7. [PMID: 12114621 DOI: 10.1126/science.1071300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Insertion of a thin nonmagnetic copper Cu(001) layer between the tunnel barrier and the ferromagnetic electrode of a magnetic tunnel junction is shown to result in the oscillation of the tunnel magnetoresistance as a function of the Cu layer thickness. The effect is interpreted in terms of the formation of spin-polarized resonant tunneling. The amplitude of the oscillation is so large that even the sign of the tunnel magnetoresistance alternates. The oscillation period depends on the applied bias voltage, reflecting the energy band structure of Cu. The results are encouraging for the development of spin-dependent resonant tunneling devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yuasa
- NanoElectronics Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba 305-8568, Japan.
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9
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Pampuch C, Rader O, Kachel T, Gudat W, Carbone C, Klasges R, Bihlmayer G, Blugel S, Eberhardt W. One-dimensional spin-polarized quantum-wire states in Au on Ni(110). PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2000; 85:2561-2564. [PMID: 10978107 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.85.2561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/1999] [Revised: 04/27/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Au chain structures have been prepared on Ni(110). Au6 s,p-derived features in photoemission spectra are identified as quantum-wire states due to their strong dispersion along the chains and absence of dispersion perpendicular to the chains in agreement with our ab initio calculation of the electronic structure. Spin analysis reveals that the states have minority-spin character showing that the confinement of electrons in the chain structure depends on the electron spin.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Pampuch
- BESSY, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
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Weissmann M, Llois AM, Ramírez R, Kiwi M. Transport properties of Co-Ni superlattices. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 54:15335-15340. [PMID: 9985598 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.54.15335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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11
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Camarero J, Graf T, Miranda R, Kuch W, Zharnikov M, Dittschar A, Schneider CM, Kirschner J. Surfactant-mediated modification of the magnetic properties of Co/Cu(111) thin films and superlattices. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1996; 76:4428-4431. [PMID: 10061287 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.76.4428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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12
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Díaz-Ortiz A, Aguilera-Granja F, Morán-López JL. Equilibrium thermodynamics of cobalt-copper slabs. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 53:6514-6520. [PMID: 9982051 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.53.6514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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13
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Fassbender J, May U, Schirmer B, Jungblut RM, Hillebrands B, Güntherodt G. Oscillatory surface in-plane lattice spacing during growth of Co and of Cu on a Cu(001) single crystal. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1995; 75:4476-4479. [PMID: 10059918 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.75.4476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Magnan H, Heckmann O, Briois V, Chandesris D. Adsorption site, growth, and structure of Co on Cu(111) determined by multiple-scattering analysis of x-ray-absorption spectra. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 52:11462-11466. [PMID: 9980253 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.52.11462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Yang ZJ, Scheinfein MR. Interfacial-roughness effects on giant magnetoresistance and interlayer coupling in Co/Cu superlattices. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 52:4263-4274. [PMID: 9981556 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.52.4263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Modak AR, Smith DJ, Parkin SS. Dependence of giant magnetoresistance on grain size in Co/Cu multilayers. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 50:4232-4235. [PMID: 9976717 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.50.4232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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17
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Schreyer A, Bröhl K, Ankner JF, Majkrzak CF, Zeidler T, Bödeker P, Metoki N, Zabel H. Oscillatory exchange coupling in Co/Cu(111) superlattices. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 47:15334-15337. [PMID: 10005920 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.47.15334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Cullen JR, Hathaway KB. Temperature dependence of the exchange energy and critical field for antiferromagnetically coupled thin films and superlattices. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 47:14998-15006. [PMID: 10005873 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.47.14998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Harp GR, Parkin SS, Farrow RF, Marks RF, Toney MF, Lam QH, Rabedeau TA, Savoy RJ. Growth temperature dependence of magnetoresistance in Co/Cu(111) wedged superlattices. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 47:8721-8733. [PMID: 10004916 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.47.8721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Erickson RP, Hathaway KB, Cullen JR. Mechanism for non-Heisenberg-exchange coupling between ferromagnetic layers. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 47:2626-2635. [PMID: 10006318 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.47.2626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Bödeker P, Abromeit A, Bröhl K, Sonntag P, Metoki N, Zabel H. Growth and x-ray characterization of Co/Cu (111) superlattices. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 47:2353-2361. [PMID: 10006276 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.47.2353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Johnson MT, Purcell ST, McGee NW, Coehoorn R, Hoving W. Structural dependence of the oscillatory exchange interaction across Cu layers. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1992; 68:2688-2691. [PMID: 10045462 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.68.2688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Parkin SS. Systematic variation of the strength and oscillation period of indirect magnetic exchange coupling through the 3d, 4d, and 5d transition metals. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1991; 67:3598-3601. [PMID: 10044776 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.67.3598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Gutierrez CJ, Qiu ZQ, Wieczorek MD, Tang H, Walker JC, Mercader RC. Mössbauer studies of spin wave excitations in Fe/Ag multilayers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02395878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Coehoorn R. Period of oscillatory exchange interactions in Co/Cu and Fe/Cu multilayer systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1991; 44:9331-9337. [PMID: 9998914 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.44.9331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Fabricius G, Llois AM, Weissmann M. Calculation of electronic and magnetic properties of metallic superlattices. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1991; 44:6870-6877. [PMID: 9998567 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.44.6870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Parkin SS, Mauri D. Spin engineering: Direct determination of the Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida far-field range function in ruthenium. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1991; 44:7131-7134. [PMID: 9998616 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.44.7131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Unguris J, Celotta RJ, Pierce DT. Observation of two different oscillation periods in the exchange coupling of Fe/Cr/Fe(100). PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1991; 67:140-143. [PMID: 10044072 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.67.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Parkin SS, Bhadra R, Roche KP. Oscillatory magnetic exchange coupling through thin copper layers. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1991; 66:2152-2155. [PMID: 10043404 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.66.2152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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