1
|
Lafuerza S, Carlantuono A, Retegan M, Glatzel P. Chemical Sensitivity of Kβ and Kα X-ray Emission from a Systematic Investigation of Iron Compounds. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:12518-12535. [PMID: 32830953 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
K-fluorescence X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) is receiving growing interest in all fields of natural sciences to investigate the local spin. The spin sensitivity in Kβ (Kα) XES stems from the exchange interaction between the unpaired 3p (2p) and the 3d electrons, which is greater for Kβ than for Kα. We present a thorough investigation of a large number of iron-bearing compounds. The experimental spectra were analyzed in terms of commonly used quantitative parameters (Kβ1,3-first moment, Kα1-full width at half-maximum, and integrated absolute difference -IAD-), and we carefully examined the difference spectra. Multiplet calculations were also performed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms that lead to the chemical sensitivity. Our results confirm a strong influence of covalency on both Kβ and Kα lines. We establish a reliable spin sensitivity of Kβ XES as it is dominated by the exchange interaction, whose variations can be quantified by either Kβ1,3-first moment or Kβ-IAD and result in a systematic difference signal line shape. We find an exception in the Kβ XES of Fe3+ and Fe2+ in water solution, where a new difference spectrum is identified that cannot be reproduced by scaling the exchange integrals. We explain this by strong differences in orbital mixing between the valence orbitals. This result calls for caution in the interpretation of Kβ XES spectral changes as due to spin variations without a careful analysis of the line shape. For Kα XES, the smaller exchange interaction and the influence of other electron-electron interactions make it difficult to extract a quantity that directly relates to the spin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Lafuerza
- ESRF-The European Synchrotron, 71, Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble, France
| | - Andrea Carlantuono
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Marius Retegan
- ESRF-The European Synchrotron, 71, Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble, France
| | - Pieter Glatzel
- ESRF-The European Synchrotron, 71, Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rossi TC, Grolimund D, Cannelli O, Mancini GF, Bacellar C, Kinschel D, Rouxel JR, Ohannessian N, Pergolesi D, Chergui M. X-ray absorption linear dichroism at the Ti K-edge of rutile (001) TiO 2 single crystal. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2020; 27:425-435. [PMID: 32153281 PMCID: PMC7064109 DOI: 10.1107/s160057752000051x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
X-ray absorption linear dichroism of rutile TiO2 at the Ti K-edge provides information about the electronic states involved in the pre-edge transitions. Here, linear dichroism with high energy resolution is analyzed in combination with ab initio finite difference method calculations and spherical tensor analysis. It provides an assignment of the three pre-edge peaks beyond the octahedral crystal field splitting approximation and estimates the spatial extension of the corresponding final states. It is then discussed for the first time the X-ray absorption (XAS) of pentacoordinated titanium atoms due to oxygen vacancies and it is found that, similarly to anatase TiO2, rutile is expected to exhibit a transition on the low-energy side of peak A3. Its apparent absence in the experiment is related to the degree of p-d orbital mixing which is small in rutile due to its centrosymmetric point group. A recent XAS linear dichroism study on anatase TiO2 single crystals has shown that peak A2 has an intrinsic origin and is due to a quadrupolar transition to the 3d energy levels. In rutile, due to its centrosymmetric point group, the corresponding peak A2 has a small dipole moment explaining the weak transition. The results are confronted with recent picosecond X-ray absorption spectroscopy on rutile TiO2 nanoparticles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T. C. Rossi
- Laboratory of Ultrafast Spectroscopy, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne SB-ISIC-LSU and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - D. Grolimund
- Laboratory for Femtochemistry – MicroXAS Beamline Project, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - O. Cannelli
- Laboratory of Ultrafast Spectroscopy, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne SB-ISIC-LSU and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - G. F. Mancini
- Laboratory of Ultrafast Spectroscopy, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne SB-ISIC-LSU and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C. Bacellar
- Laboratory of Ultrafast Spectroscopy, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne SB-ISIC-LSU and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - D. Kinschel
- Laboratory of Ultrafast Spectroscopy, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne SB-ISIC-LSU and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - J. R. Rouxel
- Laboratory of Ultrafast Spectroscopy, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne SB-ISIC-LSU and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - N. Ohannessian
- Laboratory for Multiscale Materials Experiments, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - D. Pergolesi
- Laboratory for Multiscale Materials Experiments, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
- Electrochemistry Laboratory, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - M. Chergui
- Laboratory of Ultrafast Spectroscopy, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne SB-ISIC-LSU and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
De Jesus LR, Horrocks GA, Liang Y, Parija A, Jaye C, Wangoh L, Wang J, Fischer DA, Piper LFJ, Prendergast D, Banerjee S. Mapping polaronic states and lithiation gradients in individual V2O5 nanowires. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12022. [PMID: 27349567 PMCID: PMC5411759 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid insertion and extraction of Li ions from a cathode material is imperative for the functioning of a Li-ion battery. In many cathode materials such as LiCoO2, lithiation proceeds through solid-solution formation, whereas in other materials such as LiFePO4 lithiation/delithiation is accompanied by a phase transition between Li-rich and Li-poor phases. We demonstrate using scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) that in individual nanowires of layered V2O5, lithiation gradients observed on Li-ion intercalation arise from electron localization and local structural polarization. Electrons localized on the V2O5 framework couple to local structural distortions, giving rise to small polarons that serves as a bottleneck for further Li-ion insertion. The stabilization of this polaron impedes equilibration of charge density across the nanowire and gives rise to distinctive domains. The enhancement in charge/discharge rates for this material on nanostructuring can be attributed to circumventing challenges with charge transport from polaron formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis R. De Jesus
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, Ross@Spence Street, College Station, Texas 77845-3012, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, 575 Ross Street, College Station, Texas 77843-3003, USA
| | - Gregory A. Horrocks
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, Ross@Spence Street, College Station, Texas 77845-3012, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, 575 Ross Street, College Station, Texas 77843-3003, USA
| | - Yufeng Liang
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Abhishek Parija
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, Ross@Spence Street, College Station, Texas 77845-3012, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, 575 Ross Street, College Station, Texas 77843-3003, USA
| | - Cherno Jaye
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - Linda Wangoh
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics and Astronomy, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York 13902, USA
| | - Jian Wang
- Canadian Light Source, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 2V3
| | - Daniel A. Fischer
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - Louis F. J. Piper
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics and Astronomy, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York 13902, USA
| | - David Prendergast
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Sarbajit Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, Ross@Spence Street, College Station, Texas 77845-3012, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, 575 Ross Street, College Station, Texas 77843-3003, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Alivio TEG, De Jesus LR, Dennis RV, Jia Y, Jaye C, Fischer DA, Singisetti U, Banerjee S. Atomic Layer Deposition of Hafnium(IV) Oxide on Graphene Oxide: Probing Interfacial Chemistry and Nucleation by using X-ray Absorption and Photoelectron Spectroscopies. Chemphyschem 2015; 16:2842-2848. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201500434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
5
|
Mino L, Borfecchia E, Groppo C, Castelli D, Martinez-Criado G, Spiess R, Lamberti C. Iron oxidation state variations in zoned micro-crystals measured using micro-XANES. Catal Today 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
6
|
Characterization of crystalline cellulose in biomass: Basic principles, applications, and limitations of XRD, NMR, IR, Raman, and SFG. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-013-0162-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
7
|
Ma Q, Prater JT, Sudakar C, Rosenberg RA, Narayan J. Defects in room-temperature ferromagnetic Cu-doped ZnO films probed by x-ray absorption spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2012; 24:306002. [PMID: 22763657 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/24/30/306002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We report a comprehensive study of the defects in room-temperature ferromagnetic (RTFM) Cu-doped ZnO thin films using x-ray absorption spectroscopy. The films are doped with 2 at.% Cu, and are prepared by reactive magnetron sputtering (RMS) and pulsed laser deposition (PLD), respectively. The results reveal unambiguously that atomic point defects exist in these RTFM thin films. The valence states of the Cu ions in both films are 2(+). In the film prepared by PLD, the oxygen vacancies (V(O)) form around both Zn ions and Cu ions in the hexagonal wurtzite structure. Upon annealing of the film in O(2), the V(O) population reduces and so does the RTFM. In the film prepared by RMS, the V(O)s around Cu ions are not detected, and the V(O) population around Zn ions is also smaller than in the PLD-prepared film. However, zinc vacancies (V(Zn)) are evidenced. Given the low doping level of spin-carrying Cu ions, these results provide strong support for defect-mediated ferromagnetism in Cu-doped ZnO thin films.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Q Ma
- DND-CAT, Northwestern Synchrotron Research Center at the Advanced Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gilbert PUPA, Young A, Coppersmith SN. Measurement of c-axis angular orientation in calcite (CaCO3) nanocrystals using X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:11350-5. [PMID: 21693647 PMCID: PMC3136314 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1107917108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate that the ability to manipulate the polarization of synchrotron radiation can be exploited to enhance the capabilities of X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy, to include linear dichroism effects. By acquiring spectra at the same photon energies but different polarizations, and using a photoelectron emission spectromicroscope (PEEM), one can quantitatively determine the angular orientation of micro- and nanocrystals with a spatial resolution down to 10 nm. XANES-PEEM instruments are already present at most synchrotrons, hence these methods are readily available. The methods are demonstrated here on geologic calcite (CaCO(3)) and used to investigate the prismatic layer of a mollusk shell, Pinctada fucata. These XANES-PEEM data reveal multiply oriented nanocrystals within calcite prisms, previously thought to be monocrystalline. The subdivision into multiply oriented nanocrystals, spread by more than 50°, may explain the excellent mechanical properties of the prismatic layer, known for decades but never explained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anthony Young
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Salomone-Stagni M, Stellato F, Whaley CM, Vogt S, Morante S, Shima S, Rauchfuss TB, Meyer-Klaucke W. The iron-site structure of [Fe]-hydrogenase and model systems: an X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy study. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:3057-64. [PMID: 20221540 PMCID: PMC3465567 DOI: 10.1039/b922557a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The [Fe]-hydrogenase is an ideal system for studying the electronic properties of the low spin iron site that is common to the catalytic centres of all hydrogenases. Because they have no auxiliary iron-sulfur clusters and possess a cofactor containing a single iron centre, the [Fe]-hydrogenases are well suited for spectroscopic analysis of those factors required for the activation of molecular hydrogen. Specifically, in this study we shed light on the electronic and molecular structure of the iron centre by XAS analysis of [Fe]-hydrogenase from Methanocaldococcus jannashii and five model complexes (Fe(ethanedithiolate)(CO)(2)(PMe(3))(2), [K(18-crown-6)](2)[Fe(CN)(2)(CO)(3)], K[Fe(CN)(CO)(4)], K(3)[Fe(III)(CN)(6)], K(4)[Fe(II)(CN)(6)]). The different electron donors have a strong influence on the iron absorption K-edge energy position, which is frequently used to determine the metal oxidation state. Our results demonstrate that the K-edges of Fe(II) complexes, achieved with low-spin ferrous thiolates, are consistent with a ferrous centre in the [Fe]-hydrogenase from Methanocaldococcus jannashii. The metal geometry also strongly influences the XANES and thus the electronic structure. Using in silico simulation, we were able to reproduce the main features of the XANES spectra and describe the effects of individual donor contributions on the spectra. Thereby, we reveal the essential role of an unusual carbon donor coming from an acyl group of the cofactor in the determination of the electronic structure required for the activity of the enzyme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesco Stellato
- Physics Department and INFN, Università di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Via della ricerca scientifica 1, I-00133, Roma, Italy
| | - C. Matthew Whaley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, A328 Chemical & Life Science Lab, 600 South Mathews Avenue, IL-61801, Urbana, USA
| | - Sonja Vogt
- Max-Planck-Institute für terrestrische Mikrobiologie, Karl-von-Frisch-Straβe, D-35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Silvia Morante
- Physics Department and INFN, Università di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Via della ricerca scientifica 1, I-00133, Roma, Italy
| | - Seigo Shima
- Max-Planck-Institute für terrestrische Mikrobiologie, Karl-von-Frisch-Straβe, D-35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Thomas B. Rauchfuss
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, A328 Chemical & Life Science Lab, 600 South Mathews Avenue, IL-61801, Urbana, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Laskowski R, Gallauner T, Blaha P, Schwarz K. Density functional theory simulations of B K and N K NEXAFS spectra of h-BN/transition metal(111) interfaces. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2009; 21:104210. [PMID: 21817430 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/21/10/104210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The electronic structure and the corresponding B K and N K near-edge x-ray fine structure (NEXAFS) spectra of epitaxially grown h-BN on Ni(111), Pt(111), and Rh(111) surfaces are investigated by density functional theory. The calculations are carried out using the WIEN2k program package applying the augmented-plane-wave+local orbitals (APW+lo) method. The NEXAFS spectra are simulated using a 3 × 3 × 1 super cell and considering the final state rule by means of a (partial) core hole for the corresponding atom. The influence of a full or partial core hole is shown for the h-BN/Ni(111) system, for which the best agreement with the experimental spectra is found when half a core hole is assumed. All characteristic features of the experimental spectra are well reproduced by theory, including the angular dependences. The bonding effects are investigated by comparing the spectra of bulk h-BN with those of the h-BN/Ni(111) system. An analysis of both the density of states and charge densities reveals strong N-p(z)-Ni-d(z(2)) bonding/antibonding interactions. In the case of Pt(111) and Rh(111) surfaces, we discuss the effects of the nanomesh structures in terms of simple 1 × 1 commensurate models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Laskowski
- Vienna University of Technology, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Marcelli A, Cibin G, Cinque G, Mottana A, Brigatti MF. Polarized XANES spectroscopy: The K edge of layered K-rich silicates. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2005.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
12
|
Dittmer J, Dau H. Theory of the Linear Dichroism in the Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) of Partially Vectorially Ordered Systems. J Phys Chem B 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp981049i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Dittmer
- Fachbereich Biologie/Botanik, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Lahnberge, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Holger Dau
- Fachbereich Biologie/Botanik, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Lahnberge, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Loeffen PW, Pettifer RF. An EXAFS calculation using known four-body correlations. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1996; 76:636-639. [PMID: 10061509 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.76.636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
|
14
|
Li GG, Bridges F, Booth CH. X-ray-absorption fine-structure standards: A comparison of experiment and theory. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 52:6332-6348. [PMID: 9981863 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.52.6332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|