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Structural Disorder and Collective Behavior of Two-Dimensional Magnetic Nanostructures. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11061392. [PMID: 34070306 PMCID: PMC8225155 DOI: 10.3390/nano11061392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Structural disorder has been shown to be responsible for profound changes of the interaction-energy landscapes and collective dynamics of two-dimensional (2D) magnetic nanostructures. Weakly-disordered 2D ensembles have a few particularly stable magnetic configurations with large basins of attraction from which the higher-energy metastable configurations are separated by only small downward barriers. In contrast, strongly-disordered ensembles have rough energy landscapes with a large number of low-energy local minima separated by relatively large energy barriers. Consequently, the former show good-structure-seeker behavior with an unhindered relaxation dynamics that is funnelled towards the global minimum, whereas the latter show a time evolution involving multiple time scales and trapping which is reminiscent of glasses. Although these general trends have been clearly established, a detailed assessment of the extent of these effects in specific nanostructure realizations remains elusive. The present study quantifies the disorder-induced changes in the interaction-energy landscape of two-dimensional dipole-coupled magnetic nanoparticles as a function of the magnetic configuration of the ensembles. Representative examples of weakly-disordered square-lattice arrangements, showing good structure-seeker behavior, and of strongly-disordered arrangements, showing spin-glass-like behavior, are considered. The topology of the kinetic networks of metastable magnetic configurations is analyzed. The consequences of disorder on the morphology of the interaction-energy landscapes are revealed by contrasting the corresponding disconnectivity graphs. The correlations between the characteristics of the energy landscapes and the Markovian dynamics of the various magnetic nanostructures are quantified by calculating the field-free relaxation time evolution after either magnetic saturation or thermal quenching and by comparing them with the corresponding averages over a large number of structural arrangements. Common trends and system-specific features are identified and discussed.
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Berry H, Wang B, Zhang Q. The Behavior of Magnetic Properties in the Clusters of 4d Transition Metals. Molecules 2018; 23:E1896. [PMID: 30060624 PMCID: PMC6222613 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23081896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The current focus of material science researchers is on the magnetic behavior of transition metal clusters due to its great hope for future technological applications. It is common knowledge that the 4d transition elements are not magnetic at their bulk size. However, studies indicate that their magnetic properties are strongly dependent on their cluster sizes. This study attempts to identify magnetic properties of 4d transition metal clusters. Using a tight-binding Friedel model for the density of d-electron states, we investigated the critical size for the magnetic-nonmagnetic transition of 4d transition-metal clusters. Approaching to the critical point, the density of states of the cluster near the Fermi level is higher than 1/J and the discrete energy levels form a quasi-continuous band. Where J is correlation integral. In order to determine the critical size, we considered a square shape band and fcc, bcc, icosahedral and cuboctahedral close-packed structures of the clusters. We also investigated this size dependent magnetic behavior using Heisenberg model. Taking some quantum mechanical approximations in to consideration, we determined magnetic behavior of the clusters. For practicality, we considered three clusters of transition metals (Ru, Rh and Pd) and the obtained results are in line with the results of previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habte Berry
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China.
- Department of Physics, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Dilla University, P.O. Box 419, Dilla, Ethiopia.
| | - Baolin Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Qinfang Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China.
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Li X, Ren H, Huang X, Li S. First-Principles Study of Structural, Electronic and Magnetic Properties of Metal-Centered Tetrahexahedral V 15⁺ Cluster. NANOMATERIALS 2017; 7:nano7070164. [PMID: 28665337 PMCID: PMC5535230 DOI: 10.3390/nano7070164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The V-centered bicapped hexagonal antiprism structure (A), as the most stable geometry of the cationic V15⁺ cluster, is determined by using infrared multiple photo dissociation (IR-MPD) in combination with density functional theory computations. It is found that the A structure can be stabilized by 18 delocalized 3c-2e σ-bonds on outer V₃ triangles of the bicapped hexagonal antiprism surface and 12 delocalized 4c-2e σ-bonds on inner trigonal pyramidal V₄ moiety, and the features are related to the strong p-d hybridization of the cluster. The total magnetic moments on the cluster are predicted to be 2.0 µB, which come mainly from the central vanadium atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Li
- The Key Laboratory for Surface Engineering and Remanufacturing in Shaanxi Province, School of Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University, Xi'an 710065, China.
| | - Hongjiang Ren
- The Key Laboratory for Surface Engineering and Remanufacturing in Shaanxi Province, School of Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University, Xi'an 710065, China.
| | - Xinwei Huang
- The Key Laboratory for Surface Engineering and Remanufacturing in Shaanxi Province, School of Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University, Xi'an 710065, China.
| | - Shuna Li
- The Key Laboratory for Surface Engineering and Remanufacturing in Shaanxi Province, School of Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University, Xi'an 710065, China.
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Fernando A, Weerawardene KLDM, Karimova NV, Aikens CM. Quantum Mechanical Studies of Large Metal, Metal Oxide, and Metal Chalcogenide Nanoparticles and Clusters. Chem Rev 2015; 115:6112-216. [PMID: 25898274 DOI: 10.1021/cr500506r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amendra Fernando
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | | | - Natalia V Karimova
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Christine M Aikens
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
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Wu G, Yang M, Guo X, Wang J. Comparative DFT study of N2 and no adsorption on vanadium clusters Vn (n = 2-13). J Comput Chem 2012; 33:1854-61. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.23017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Revised: 04/21/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Payne FW, Jiang W, Bloomfield LA. Magnetism and magnetic isomers in free chromium clusters. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2006; 97:193401. [PMID: 17155626 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.97.193401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We have used the Stern-Gerlach deflection technique to study magnetism in chromium clusters of 20-133 atoms at temperatures between 60 and 100 K. We observe that these clusters have large magnetic moments and respond superparamagnetically to applied magnetic fields. Using superparamagnetic theory, we have determined the moment per atom for each cluster size and find that it often far exceeds the moment per atom present anywhere in the bulk antiferromagnetic lattice. Remarkably, our cluster beam contains two magnetically distinguishable forms of each cluster size with > or =34 atoms. We attribute this observation to structural isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- F W Payne
- Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
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Ratsch C, Fielicke A, Kirilyuk A, Behler J, von Helden G, Meijer G, Scheffler M. Structure determination of small vanadium clusters by density-functional theory in comparison with experimental far-infrared spectra. J Chem Phys 2005; 122:124302. [PMID: 15836373 DOI: 10.1063/1.1862621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The far-infrared vibrational spectra for charged vanadium clusters with sizes of 3-15 atoms have been measured using infrared multiple photon dissociation of Vn+Ar-->Vn(+)+Ar. Using density-functional theory calculations, we calculated the ground state energy and vibrational spectra for a large number of stable and metastable geometries of such clusters. Comparison of the calculated vibrational spectra with those obtained in the experiment allows us to deduce the cluster size specific atomic structures. In several cases, a unique atomic structure can be identified, while in other cases our calculations suggest the presence of multiple isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ratsch
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.
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Liyanage R, Conceição J, Armentrout PB. Guided ion beam studies of the reactions of Vn+ (n=2–13) with D2: Cluster–deuteride bond energies as a chemical probe of cluster electronic structure. J Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1428342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Wu X, Ray AK. A density functional study of small neutral and cationic vanadium clusters Vn and Vn+ (n=2–9). J Chem Phys 1999. [DOI: 10.1063/1.477949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Minemoto S, Terasaki A, Imoto H, Kondow T. Electronic structure of vanadium tetramer ion studied by optical absorption spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 1998. [DOI: 10.1063/1.477679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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12
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Probing the electronic structure of transition metal clusters from molecular to bulk-like using photoelectron spectroscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s1075-1629(98)80012-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
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13
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Grönbeck H, Rosén A. Geometric and electronic properties of small vanadium clusters: A density functional study. J Chem Phys 1997. [DOI: 10.1063/1.474177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Estiu GL, Zerner MC. Structural, Electronic, and Magnetic Properties of Small Ni Clusters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9608281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. L. Estiu
- Cequinor, Departamento de Química, Fac. Cs. Exactas, UNLP−Casilla de Correo 962, 1900 La Plata y Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Roque Saenz Peña 180, 1876 Bernal, Argentina, and Quantum Theory Project, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
| | - M. C. Zerner
- Cequinor, Departamento de Química, Fac. Cs. Exactas, UNLP−Casilla de Correo 962, 1900 La Plata y Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Roque Saenz Peña 180, 1876 Bernal, Argentina, and Quantum Theory Project, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
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Kaiming D, Jinlong Y, Chuanyun X, Kelin W. Electronic properties and magnetism of ruthenium clusters. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 54:2191-2197. [PMID: 9986070 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.54.2191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Pastor GM, Hirsch R, Mühlschlegel B. Magnetism and structure of small clusters: An exact treatment of electron correlations. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 53:10382-10396. [PMID: 9982609 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.53.10382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Pastor GM, Dorantes-Dávila J. Short-range magnetic order in FeN and NiN clusters. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 52:13799-13800. [PMID: 9980593 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.52.13799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Jinlong Y, Toigo F, Kelin W. Structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of small rhodium clusters. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 50:7915-7924. [PMID: 9974781 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.50.7915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Alvarado P, Dorantes-Dávila J, Dreyssé H. Structural effects on the magnetism of small vanadium clusters. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 50:1039-1045. [PMID: 9975771 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.50.1039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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20
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Lee K, Callaway J. Possibility of many magnetic states in cluster systems: V and Cr clusters. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 49:13906-13912. [PMID: 10010339 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.49.13906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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